The characterization methods in the field of protein adsorption on biological materials in recent years were reviewed from the aspects of protein adsorption amount, adsorption layer thickness, molecular conformational change after protein adsorption, molecular morphology after protein adsorption, and protein molecule adsorption process simulation. These methods include biochemical analysis, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), dissipative quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM-D ) , ellipsometry ( ELM ) , optical interference reflection ( RIFS ) , attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) and computer molecular simulation techniques . In this paper , the basic principles , the advantages and disadvantages of the above characterization methods and related researches were reviewed. This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable basis for the selection of protein experimental characterization methods in protein adsorption, biomaterial design and other research, and provides new ideas for research in the field of protein.