Hemorrhagic transformation is a common complication after ischemic stroke, especially after thrombolytic therapy. Its disability and mortality are very high. Therefore, it limits the clinical application of thrombolytic therapy. This article reviews the types of hemorrhagic transformation, possible mechanisms and predictors after thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in order to provide reference for clinical treatment and research of ischemic stroke.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on inflammatory responses in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Ninety male adult Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into three groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S);NP group;hydrogen-rich saline group (group H).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The left sciatic nerve was exposed and ligated with 4-0 silk at 1 mm intervals.After ligation of the sciatic nerve,hydrogen-rich saline (0.6 mmol/L) 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally twice a day for 7 consecutive days in group H,and the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and NP groups.At 7,10 and 14 days after ligation,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.The rats were then sacrificed,and the left sciatic nerve and L4-6 segments of the spinal cords were removed for detection of the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) at 7,10 and 14 days after ligation.Results Compared with group S,the MWT and TWL were significantly decreased,and the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 in the left sciatic nerve and spinal cords were increased at each time point in NP and H groups.Compared with group NP,the MWT and TWL were significantly increased,and the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 in the left sciatic nerve and spinal cords were decreased at each time point in group H.Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates NP through inhibiting inflammatory responses in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tranilast on chronic cyclosporin A(CsA)nephrotoxicity rats and the possible mechanisms of protective effect of it.Methods Rats were on low salt diet and CsA was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 20 mg/(kg?d)for 28 days,and tranilast was gave to these rats in a dose of 400 mg/(kg?d).The renal function and renal morphology were observed at1,2 and 4 weeks after administration of tranilast.Results CsA induced the corruption of normal condition and weight lost were markedly delayed after administration of tranilast.On histopathology tranilast attenuated tubular cells vacuolations as well as interstitial damage including interstitial ED1+ macrophages infiltration and focal interstitial fibrosis.Meanwhile,tranilast down-regulated the protein of OPN in kidney.Conclusion Tranilast can attenuate the structural changes of kidney in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity rats.Decreased CsA-related ED1+ macrophages,OPN up-regulation expression in the kidney may be related to mechanisms of protective effect of tranilast in the treatment of CsA induced chronic nephrotoxicity.

Objective To improve quota-sampling precision and reproducibility of the impedance blood rheometer. Methods Quota-sampling control circuit and the sampling needle's structure were improved for the early MVIS blood rheometer. The parameters of sampling were analyzed. Results After the improvement, the sampling errors were reduced obviously (less than ?3%). The quota-sampling handling was more accurater. Conclusion The precision and reproducibility of the blood rheometer are ensured.

It is important in Evidence-Based Medicine(EBM) that the combination of the best clinical research evidence,the doctor′s specialized skill and the patient′s desire.EBM provides a new mode for the reformation of the paediatric student teaching.Introducing EBM into the practice teaching would improve the student′s ability to analyse and solve questions.EBM adjusts the modern medical education request.It would train the ability of clinical thinking,innovation and self-education for life,develop the medical student′s general capability.

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods One hundred thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =34 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), group NP, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (group MA), and autophagy activator rapamycin group (group R).NP was induced by chronic constriction injury.In 3-MA and R groups, 3-MA 15 mg/kg and rapacymin 10 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally, respectively, at 1 h before NP.Ten rats were randomly selected, and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before NP and at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after NP.Before NP and at 1, 3 and 7 days after NP, 6 rats were randomly sacrificed, the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord was harvested to detect microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ), Beclin-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression by Western blot.Results Compared with group S, the MWT was significantly decreased, the TWL was shortened, and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ , Beclin-1 and GFAP was up-regulated at each time point after NP in group NP (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group NP, the MWT was significantly decreased, the TWL was shortened, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of GFAP was up-regulated at each time point after NP in group MA, and the MWT was significantly increased, the TWL was prolonged, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of GFAP was down-regulated at each time point after NP in group R (P＜0.05).Conclusion Autophagy is involved in the development and maintenance of NP through promoting the activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord of rats.

ssay provides a higher detection rate for HCV infection in HD patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of different time administration of parecoxib sodium on acute opioid tolerance after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients.Methods Fifty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 30-64 yr undergoing transabdominal cholecystectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=18 each):group I received parecoxib 40 mg at 30 rain before anesthesia;group Ⅱ received parecoxib 40 mg at 30 min before termination of anesthesia;group C control.Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propefol and remifentanil administered via TCI.The target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3μg/ml and that of remifentanil at 4 ng/ml.Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6 ms/ks.Muscle relaxation was maintained with intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium during operation.Pain was assessed using behavioral pain score(O=quiet and no pain,1=complaining,2=severe pain and/or agitation).When the pain score >0,the patients received iv injection of morphine and then PCIA with morphine(bolus dose 1 mg,lockout interval 5 min,no background infusion)30 min later.Morphine consumption and side effects were recorded within 30 min,and during 30 min-24 h and 24-48 h after operation.Results Compared with group C,the morphine consumption was significantly decreased during all the time periods within 48 h after operation in group I and during 30 rain-24 h and 24-48 h after operation in groupⅡ(P<0.05).The morphine cousumption was significantly higher within 30 min after operation in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).No obvious side effects occurred in the 3 groups.Conclusion Parecoxib sodium 40 mg given before anesthesia can reduce acute opioid tolerance after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of soft silicone foam dressing on the prevention of intraoperative pressure ulcer in patients undergoing spine surgery. Methods A total of 232 patients were divided into control group and experimental group (116 cases each group) by coin slot method. The control group was treated with conventional pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. The experimental group was treated with conventional intervention measures. Soft silicone foam dressing paste use, the end of surgery to observe the two groups of patients under the chin skin condition. Results In the control group, there were 10 cases at stage I in the lower part of the skin, and 5 cases (4 cases of skin blisters and 1 case of partial cortical absence) at stageⅡ. 2 cases in the experimental group were at stage I; no cases were at stageⅡ, the two groups were no stage Ⅲ and above pressure ulcer occurred in the experimental group under the chin pressure ulcer was significantly lower than the control group, The difference was statistically significant (χ2=10.727, P<0.05). Conclusion Conventional pressure ulcer prevention and control interventions combined with shaped soft silicone foam dressing for skin protection of special parts of chin under prone position surgery is beneficial to prevention of intraoperative pressure ulcers.