Objective To explore the relation between thyroid nodular and thyroid calcification .Methods The clinical data of 430 cases with nodular goiter admitted from January 2011 to December 2013 were reviewed.All cases were performed ultrasonography and pathologic examination .Results Of 430 cases,there was thyroid carcinoma in 49 cases(11.4%),including microcalcification in 30 cases(61.2%) and macrocalcification in 3 cases(6.1%);benign lesion in 381 cases(88.6%),including microcalcification in 24 cases(6.3%) and macrocalcification in 39 cases(10.2%).The difference was remarkable (P=0.000).There was remarkable difference in malignant calci-fied nodules ratio between the patients with microcalcification and macrocalcification (55.6%vs 7.1%,P=0.000), between the patients aged 45 years below and above(48.8%vs 22.6%,P=0.007),between the patients with solita-ry and multiple nodules(45.0%vs 16.7%,P=0.005).But there was no statistic difference in malignant calcified nodules ratio between the male and female groups (24.2% vs.39.7%,P=0.130).Conclusion Microcalcification is a highly specific sign to predict thyroid carcinoma in ultrasonography exam .Positive intervention will be performed immediately when calcification appears in thyroid nodules .

Aim To investigate the effect of neferine on proliferation and invasion of human hepatocellular car-cinoma. Methods HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of nefer-ine, then cell proliferation was observed by CCK-8 as-say; cell invasion was observed by transwell invasion assay; the protein expression of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK was detected by Western blot. Results CCK-8 results showed that neferine could significantly inhibit cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group. Transwell invasion assay showed that cell invasion was significantly decreased with neferine 3 μmol · L-1 . Western blot results showed that RhoA, RhoC and ROCK protein expres-sion was decreased when neferine was co-incubated with hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion Nef-erine can inhibit proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, which is mediated mainly by the inhibition of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK protein expres-sion.

Objective To evaluate the acute side effects and efficacy of the intraluminal brachytherapy combined with external radiation and synchronous chemotherapy in the treatment of bronchial lung cancer.Methods From June 2001 to June 2003,42 patients with bronchial lung cancer were divided into treatment group and control group randomly.21 lung cancer patients with major airway obstruction were treated by combined intralumihal brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy and synchronous chemotherapy.Results The overall response rate(CR+PR)in treatment group and control group were 85.7% and 57.1%(P＜0.05).There were no serious complication during the treatment except for irritant cough and leukocytopenia.Conclusion Intraluminal brachytherapy may result in symptom improvement in patients with major airway occlusion of lung cancer.The intraluminal bmchytherapy combined with external beam radiothempy and synchronous chemotherapy is an effective method in treatment of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)expression in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical College from March 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)scores,they were divided into three groups:mild infarction (n =21;<4),moderate infarction (n =49;4 -15),and severe cerebral infarction (n = 30;> 15);100 healthy subjects without cerebrovascular disease in the same period were used as a control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the plasma ADMA concentration,and the levels of plasma ADMA among the groups were compared. Results The concentrations of plasma ADMA of the mild,moderate,severe cerebral infarction,and the control groups were 0. 80 ± 0. 16,1. 14 ± 0. 28,1. 33 ± 0. 33,and 0. 52 ± 0. 16 μmol/ L,respectively. There were significant differences among the groups (F = 2. 32,P < 0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that ADMA was an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction (OR,1. 140,95% CI 1. 078 -1. 212,P = 0. 045). Conclusions The expression levels of plasma ADMA increased gradually in patients with mild,moderate,and severe cerebral infarction. The higher the ADMA levels,the severe the neurological deficit would be. ADMA might be an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction.

Objective To assess the value of exercise treadmill testing (bruce protocol) in diagnosing early atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb. Methods Between March and September 2008, 173 outpatients with high risks of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were enrolled randomly from the cardiology clinic of Chinese PLA General Hospital. The patients were subjected to exercise treadmill testing (Bruce protocol) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) determination, as well as lower limb artery ultrasonography within one week. Using ultrasonic findings as diagnostic criteria, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of exercise treadmill testing for early atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of exercise treadmill testing was assessed using the ROC curve. Results After exercise, ABI decrement (R value) increased in subjects with high risks for PAD with atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb aggravating. Using the presence of large atherosclerotic plaques (area > 20 mm2 ), atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerotic lesions in lower limb arteries as positive diagnostic criteria, the area under curve of ROC was 0. 80 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.85) and 0. 60 (95% CI: 0.44-0.76), respectively. Using the presence of large atherosclerotic plaques in lower extremities as positive diagnosis, R value was 0.80, with a sensitivity of 54. 0%, a specificity of 96. 7%, a LR+ of 16. 4, and a LR- of 0. 58, meanwhile, R value was 0. 85, with a sensitivity of 70.0%, a specificity of 91.9%, a LR + of 8.64, and a LR- of 0.33. Conclusions Exercise treadmill testing (Bruce protocol) in combination with ABI determination is a safe, accurate, objective tool for detecting early atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb. Immediately after exercise, 0.85 is the cut-off R value appropriate for diagnosing large atherosclerotic plaques of the lower limb (area > 20 mm2).

Objective To investigate the effects of antisense p21 oligodeoxynucleotide (p21 ASODN) on the expression of p21 protein and extracellular matrix in cultured human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMC) under high glucose medium. Methods HGMCs were transfected with 50 nmol/L or 100 nmol/L p21 ASODN or scrambled control oligodeoxynucleotide (SCODN) using lipofectamine 2000. After incubation under normal (5.5 mmol/L) or high (30 mmol/L) glucose media and different times, HGMCs lysates were collected and the expression of p21, fibronectin and laminin was examined by Western blot. The secretion of fibronectin and laminin by HGMCs in supernatants of culture media was also detected with EOSA. Results High glucose media significantly stimulated the expression of p21, increased the syntheses and secretion of fibronectin and laminin in cultured HGMCs in a time-dependent manner. Transfection of HGMCs with p21 ASODN not only decreased p21 protein level caused by high glucose media, but also attenuated the expression and secretion of fibronectin and laminin in supematants of HGMCs lysates and culture media. Meanwhile, SCODN had no significant effects on the expression of p21, fibronectin and laminin. Conclusions High glucose promotes the expression of p21 , fibronectin and laminin in cultured HGMCs. Transfection of HGMCs with p21 ASODN can decrease p21 protein level caused by high glucose media, and attenuate the expression of fibronectin and laminin in supematants of HGMCs lysates and culture media. Modulation of p21 expression in HGMCs may work as an effective way to mitigate the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: To prepare the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDSs) and its solid fied granule, and investigate the in vitro release.Methods: The solubility of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla in different excipients was investigated.The pseudo-ternary phase diagram composed of different oil phase, emulsifier and co-emulsifier was used to define the self-emulsifying area.The optimal formula of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs was prepared into granule.The appearance, morphology, particle size distribution, PdI and zeta potential of the microemulsion and the granule were determined by a dilution method.The drug release profile of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and SMEDDSs granule were compared.Results: The optimal formula of SMEDDSs was as follows: propylene glycol monocaprylate as the oil phase, Tween-80 as the emulsifier and propylene glycol as the co-emulsifier with the optimum ratio of 7.0∶1.5∶1.5.After diluted by water,the total saponins from Paris PolyphyllaSMEDDSs and the granule formed a clear and transparent microemulsion solution with small homogeneous spheres as seen under a transmission electron microscope.The average particle size of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and the granule was (58.6±16.4) nm and (68.1±12.1) nm with PdI of (0.183±0.04) and (0.209±0.05), respectively, and the zeta potential was (-20.2±1.9) mV and (-18.9±1.5) mV, respectively.The results of transmission electron microscopy showed the microemulsion was round, regular and spherical distribution.The in vitro release profile indicated that the accumulated release of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and SMEDDSs granule was more than 85% in 45 min.Conclusion: The self-microemulsifying granule can significantly improve the in vitro dissolution rate of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla, and the preparation process is simple and feasible.

Objective:To design and develop a formula of solid lipid nanoparticles containing the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla using a quality by design ( QbD) method. Methods:The target product profile of solid lipid nanoparticles was determined according to the properties of dosage form and administration. The risk assessment was carried out according to the theoretical knowledge and experi-ence to define the critical variables influencing the properties of solid lipid nanoparticles. Firstly, Plackett-Burman test was used to screen out the key variables significantly affecting the pharmacological properties of solid lipid nanoparticles, and then the Box-Behnken effect surface method was use to further optimize the selected variables. The physicochemical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles con-taining the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla were studied, such as the particle size distribution, polydispersity index ( PdI) , zeta po-tential, morphology and in vitro drug release behavior. Results: The optimum formula and preparation process were as follows: the concentration of glycerol monostearate was 5. 5％, the concentration of soybean phospholipid was 8. 0％, the number of homogenization was 6 times, the concentration of drug was 5. 0％, the surfactant was Tween 80, the mass pressure was 600 bar and the homogeneous temperature was 65℃. The mean particle size, PdI and zeta potential of the optimized solid lipid nanoparticles was (116. 5 ± 32. 1) nm, (0. 198 ± 0. 018) and ( -23. 6. 5 ± 0. 9) mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the solid lipid nanop-articles were spherical. The results of in vitro release showed a sustained release property, and the cumulative release was 63. 5％ in 24 h. Conclusion:It is feasible to design and develop solid lipid nanoparticles containing the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla by using the QbD method, which can ensure the product quality to meet the requirements.

Objective To investigate the influence of Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa on the Hematopoietic stem cells proliferation and function .Methods Cells from the peripheral blood , spleen and bone marrow of mice were stained with indicated antibodies , and analyzed by flow cytometry .Mice were divided 3 groups:control group, Siraitia Grosvenori treatment group and Rehmannia Glutinosa treatment group .After 4.5Gy IR treatment, mice divided 4 groups: control group, 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with normal food, 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with Siraitia Grosvenori and 4.5Gy IR treatment and feed with Rehmannia Glutinosa for 1 month.Results Mice fed with Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa decreased the percentage of B cells and increased the percentage of M cell .For HSCs, the number of HSCs was increased , especially the number of LT-HSCs.After 4.5Gy IR treatment, mice fed with Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa increase the number of HSCs , and increased the percentage of M cells . Conclusion Siraitia Grosvenori and Rehmannia Glutinosa promote the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells proliferation and function and recover the damage that caused by IR treatment .

Objective To investigate therapeutic effect of the low dose clomiphene treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenospermia and effect on sperm epididymal protein level 4.Methods183 cases of idiopathic oligoasthenospermia were divided into three groups, vitamin group of 61 patients were given vitamin E,clomiphene group(61 cases)treated with low dose clomiphene, combined group of 61 patients were given low dose clomiphene and vitamin E, lasted for 12 weeks.Semen volume, sperm density, sperm motility, sperm survival rate and sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone concentration were observed before and after treatment.After treatment, the patients were followed up for 1 year, the observation of the natural pregnancy rate after treatment.ResultsSperm density, sperm survival rate and sperm and a A+B grade sperm in the clomiphene group were significantly higher comparedwith the vitamin group (P< 0.05), sperm density, sperm survival rate and sperm and a A+B grade sperm in the combined group were significantly increasedcompared with clomiphene group and vitamin group (P< 0.05),levels of HE4 after treatment was significantly lower compared with before treatment (P< 0.05), And the difference between the three groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05).Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone in clomiphene group and combined group after treatment, were significantly increased compared with before treatment (P< 0.05), and the combined group had no statistically difference compared with clomiphene group.The pregnancy rate in 1 year of vitamin group, clomiphene group and combined group were 24.59%, 42.62% and 62.29% (P< 0.05).ConclusionClomiphene treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia is better than vitamin E, the combination of the two has a synergistic effect.