Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are the high-risk population of ischemic stroke.Anticoagulation therapy is mainly used to prevent the occurrence of stroke in clinical practice.However,there are some difficulties in the conventional administration of oral anticoagulant warfarin because of some restrictions.There are a number of novel oral anticoagulants with promising data for the prevention of stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation,such as direct thrombin inhibitor and coagulant factor X a inhibitor.

The vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis plaque is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke.However,there are no objective diagnostic criteria for the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerosis plaque in clinical practice now.This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis of vulnerable plaque from the aspects of ultrasound,CT,MRL cerebral angiography,and biochemical indexes.

This article introduces the development history of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis technology and operating points.It rainly focuses on the research status and application prospects of the technology in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.

Chronic overuse disease of the shoulder is very common in clinical practice.Its pathogenesis is complicated and its treatment is often a combination of medication,rehabilitation and surgery.In recent years,its diagnosis tends to be more definite,leading to more specific treatment.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been successfully used in the treatment of such orthopaedic diseases as plantar fasciitis and lateral epicondylitis,and has been tried by some scholars in the treatment of chronic overuse disease of the shoulder.Its therapeutic effect has also been demonstrated to some extent on calcific tendonitis,non-calcific tendonitis and adhesive capsulitis.This review outlines the progress in research of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic overuse disease of the shoulder.

Objective To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in angiogenesis and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia in mice.Methods Twenty-four wild-type and 24 TNFR1 knockout mice were randomly divided into either a sham operation group or a focal cerebral ischemia group (n =12 in each group).5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally at day 3 after cerebral ischemia and sham operation.At day 7 and 28 after cerebral ischemia,the double-label immunofluorescence staining of glucose transporter-1(Glut-1)/BrdU was used to evaluate the angiogenesis surrounding the areas of infarction.A labeled BrdU was used to detect the neural stem cell proliferation in the subventricular zone.Double-labeled doublecortin (DCX)/BrdU and neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN)/BrdU were used to detect the migration and survival of neural stem cells,respectively.Results Under the normal condition,there was no significant difference in angiogenesis and the number of BrdU-positive cells in the subependymal zone (SVZ) between the wild-type (418.000 ± 28.404) and TNFR1 knockout (528.000 ± 60.597) mice (t =-1.644,P =0.131).At day 7 after cerebral ischemia,the number of Glut-1/BrdU-positive cells in the TNFR1 knockout mice was significantly less than that in the wild-type mice (14.833 ± 2.182 vs.27.5 ± 4.209) (t =2.672,P =0.023),and the number of DCX/B3rdU-positive cells was also significantly less than that in the wild-type mice (163.000 ± 11.106 vs.257.168 ± 12.213) (t =5.705,P =0.000).At day 28 after cerebral ischemia,the number of NeuN/BrdU-positive cells in the TNFR1 knockout mice was significantly less than that in the wildtype mice (6.000 ± 0.577 vs.11.000± 1.571) (t=2.988,P=0.014).Conclusions TNFR1 may play a promoting role in the neurovascular reggeneration in late cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the expression and its rule of transferrin (Tf) in brain tissue at different time after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods The fresh quantitative autologous blood was infused into the right caudate nucleus of rat sterotaxically to build up experimental ICH model. At 6h, 24h, 72h and 7d after operation, the rats were sacrificed and the brain tissues were made for immunohistochemistry analysis of Tf. The water content of the brains was also assayed.Results Compared with saline group, Tf-immunostaining positive cells in the tissue surrounding hematoma and in the ipsilateral pallium in ICH rats were increased significantly during 7 days, peaked at 72 hours ( P

Objective To investigate the expression of neuron nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA of brain tissue at early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats and the intervention effect of Didangtang.Methods 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: intracerebral hemorrhage group, Didangtang treatment group, NOS inhibition group and normal saline group. Quantitate fresh autologous blood was infused into right caudate nucleus of rat sterotaxically to build up experimental ICH model and normal saline was instead in control group. The neurological function deficit scores were observed by Bederson method (3 grades) at 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after operation. At the same time points, the rats were sacrificed and the brain tissues were taken out for the measurement of nNOS mRNA by technique of hybridization in situ.Results Neurological function deficit scores of the rats were significantly improved both in intracerebral hemorrhage group and Didangtang treatment group at 72 h after operation(all P

Objective To explore the expression of c-fos gene at early stage and changes of focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in brain tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats.Methods The rat models with ICH were made by Nath improvement method;fos protein in brain tissue and the expression of c-fos mRNA were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR method;its focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by hydrogen clearing method.Results The expression of fos protein was found at 1 h after ICH in the ipsilateral basal ganglia after ICH,it peaked at 3 h;c-fos mRNA peaked at 1 h after ICH,and had still expression of higher level after 3 h;cBF was reduced at 1 h after ICH,and returned to the level of the control group by 3 h and maintained to 24 h after ICH,and then appeared the reduction of CBF during 24 h again.Conclusion The increase and long induction expression of c-fos gene were showed in brain tissue of hematoma periperal zone and contralateral cortex one.Although focal CBF reduced after ICH in rats,it wasn't consistent with the expression of c-fos gene.

Purpose To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factorIImRNA binding protein 3 ( IMP3 ) and microvessel density (MVD) in squamous carcinoma of the cervix (SCC) and analysis their relationship in SCC. Methods The expression of IMP3 and MVD was examined by immunohistochemistry SP method in normal cervical epithelium ( NCE) , low-grade cervical intraepi-thelial neoplasia (CIN-L), high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-H) and SCC. Results (1)The positive expression rates of IMP3 in NCE, CIN-L, CIN-H, SCC tissues were 0(0/15), 0(0/11), 37.5%(9/24) and 86.0%(43/50), the difference was statistically significant (x 2 =53.345, P=0.000). IMP3 expression was significant difference among NCE and CIN-H, SCC (P<0.008 3), and that was also among SCC and CIN-L, CIN-H (P<0.008 3). (2)The MVD count was increased with the development of cervical squamous lesion, there was significant difference among those groups (F=145.968, P<0.01), and the difference was al-so statistically significant between every two groups (P<0.05). The positive expression of IMP3 and MVD count in 50 cases of SCC tissues showed statistical difference in different pathologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and depth of tumor invasion groups ( P<0.05), but didn't in different patients’age groups (P>0.05). And the positive expression of IMP3 was closely related with MVD count in SCC tissues (rs =0.323, P<0.05). Conclusion IMP3 plays an important role in the occurrence, infiltration and metasta-sis of SCC, and the abnormal expression of IMP3 may relate with the angiogenesis of tumors.

Objective To compare the biomechanical stabilities of 2 fixations for oblique split fractures of tibial plateau. Methods Oblique split fractures of the medial tibial plateau were simulated by osteotomy in 6 pairs of fresh tibia of adult swine. One fracture of each pair was fixed with 3 lag screws parallel to the articular surface whereas the contralateral site was stabilized with 3 lag screws vertical to the fracture line. The maximum anti. Compression load, the maximum power consumption at the maximum load.the load and power consumption at the 2 mm subsidence of articular surface were measured and recorded. Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the maximum anti-compression load. The maximum power consumption at the maximum load, the load and power consumption at the 2 mm subsidence of articular surface. Conclusion Vertical fixation may not provide a biomechanical advanrage over the parallel fixation in stabilizing oblique split fractures of tibia plateau.