Objective To study the effects of pioglitazone on visceral fat tissue metabolic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance by using 18 fluoro deoxy glucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET)andcomputed tomography (CT)imaging. Methods FDG‐PET and CT imaging were performed in 62 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT ). Lipid and glycemic profiles and inflammatory markers were detected in all patients. These patients randomly received treatments with either pioglitazone or glimepiride for 16 weeks.Results After 16 weeks ,pioglitazone‐treated group versus glimepiride‐treated group showed a significantly decreased visceral fat area[(109.1 ± 45.0) vs(122.5 ± 52.0 )cm2 ] and a significantly decreased visceral fat metabolic activity[(0.47 ± 0.11)vs(0.55 ± 0.11)](P<0.05). Conclusion Our study indicates that pioglitazone decreases the visceral fat volume and its metabolic activity in patients with T 2DM or IGT.

BACKGROUND:Lisfranc injury is rarely seen in clinical practice, with a low incidence and a high misdiagnosis rate. At present, open reduction and internal fixation is the major treatment, but there is little evidence available on the long-term fol ow-up fol owing injury and foot motor functions fol owing surgery. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the change of foot functions after metal graft internal fixation in patients with Lisfranc injury. METHODS:Eighteen patients with Lisfranc injury were treated with internal fixation of metal grafts, such as Kirschner wire, screws and steel plate. At 6-8 weeks postoperatively, patients began to walk with crutches. After 1 year fol ow-up, the Footscan balance system and AOFAS scores were applied to evaluate the foot stability and function of patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 1 year of internal fixation, al bone fractures were healed, the peak pressure of affected foot in the fourth metatarsal (M4) and the fifth metatarsal (M5) was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the impulse in the fifth metatarsal (M5) and mid-foot bottom (MID) was higher than the contralateral side (P<0.05). The AOFAS score of affected foot was 87.26 ± 21.13 points, the rate of excellent and good efficacy accounted for 88.9%. Internal fixation can rebuild Lisfranc complex stability, the body weight is transferred from the inside to the outside in the front foot, and the remaining pressure did not change significantly, thus the foot function is recovered satisfactorily.

IFIT family genes are a kind of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and play important roles in antiviral sector and immunity regulation. To study the regulatory effect of IFIT family genes during influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we used RNA-sequencing analysis (RNA-Seq) technique and found that when 293T cells were infected by A/WSN/33 (WSN), the concentration of IFIT family genes were increased. Further study reveals that overexpression of IFIT2 or IFIT3 could inhibit IAV replication and transcription, and cause the dose-dependent inhibition of polymerase activity of vRNP. In addition, IFIT2 and IFIT3 encoding protein could colocalize with NS1 in 293T cells infected by WSN, indicating that they might interact with each other. The results suggest that IFIT family genes can inhibit the replication and transcription of IAV, which contributes to our understanding of the regulatory effect of host factors during influenza virus infection.
HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; physiology ; Influenza, Human ; genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Proteins ; genetics ; Virus Replication

The structure of cancellous bone is cellular. There are two basic models of cancellous bone structure namely the model of rod-rod structure and the model of framework of perforated plate. This paper presents several models of structure developed from the model of rod-rod structure to the model of framework of perforated plate. We computed the elastic modulus of cancellous bone based on these modes using homogenization. The relationship between the elastic modulus(E) of cancellous bone and the apparent density(p) was determined to be E = 1.78rho1.88.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; anatomy & histology ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Stress, Mechanical

BACKGROUND:Since damage control theory system was founded, this theory in the orthopedics has been applied gradualy, especialy in elderly hip fracture surgery that reduces the negative impacts due to inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVE:To explore whether flurbiprofen axetil can reduce inflammatory responses in rats with hip fractures based on the damage control theory. METHODS: Forty-nine healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n=7), immediate internal fixation group (n=14), flurbiprofen axetil group (n=14), damage control group (n=14). Rats in the control group moved freely in the cages. Rats in the other three groups were intraperitonealy injected with composite anesthetics to make unilateral hip fracture models, and then respectively given internal fixation immediately after fracture, flurbiprofen axetil injection and delayed internal fixation, and delayed internal fixation. Levels of serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined and analyzed before fixation, immediately after internal fixation and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours after internal fixation in different groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Postoperative serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-αwere al increased in different groups. The level of C-reactive protein reached the peak at 24 hours after internal fixation. Flurbiprofen axetil injection had no significant influence on the level of C-reactive protein in rats with delayed internal fixation (P=0.51). Interleukin-6 levels were stil increased at 48 hours after internal fixation, but flurbiprofen axetil reduced the level of interleukin-6 significantly in rats with delayed internal fixation (P < 0.01). The tumor necrosis factor-α level peaked at 4 hours after internal fixation, and flurbiprofen axetil injection could significantly reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α in rats with delayed internal fixation (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that flurbiprofen axetil as a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can reduce the inflammatory response in rats with hip fractures after internal fixation, and also can aleviate the inflammatory response of rats undergoing delayed operation under the guidance of damage control theory.

Background and purpose:Perioperative hypothermia will affect the prognosis of cancer patients. Amino acid infusion can increase the core temperature by endogenous thermogenesis. And the forced-air warming system has gained high acceptance as a measure for rewarming. This study aimed to find out whether amino acid infusion was effective to treat postoperative hypothermia and how well the treatment effect was when compared with the forced-air warming system.Methods:Fifty-seven ASAⅠ orⅡ patients aged 18-60 years undergoing elective esophageal or gastric cancer operation under epidural-general anesthesia and whose core temperature were below 36℃. When admitted to the recovery room wererandomly divided into 3 groups (n=19): GroupⅠ received intravenous infusion of mixed amino acid at a rate of 2 mL·kg-1·h-1 (A); GroupⅡ received a forced-air system (B); groupⅢreceived no therapy (C). Rectal temperature and thermal comfort were recorded per 5 min during the ifrst 1 h and oral temperature and thermal comfort were recorded at the 2, 6 and 24 h. ABG was recorded when patients were admitted to the recovery room and at the ifrst hour.Results:At the ifrst hour, the rectal temperature and thermal comfort of groups A and B were higher when compared with group C (P<0.05), and there was no difference between groups A and B (P>0.05). At the second and sixthhour, the temperature and thermal comfort of group A were higher when compared with group B and C (P<0.05), and there was no difference between groups B and C (P>0.05). At the 24th hour, there were no statistically signiifcant differences in the temperature and thermal comfort among the three groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion:The rewarming effect of infusion of mixed amino acid is better than that of the forced-air warming system. It is the more effective and convenient method to rewarm the postoperative hypothermia.

Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies against diphtheria (DT) and tetanus (TT).MethodsPurified diphtheria toxiod and tetanus toxoid were respectively used as the coating antigens,the human-derived serum antibody standard substance of DT and TT served as the standard substance.The dose-response curves of the tested samples and standard substance were fitted.Then the two quantitative ELISA methods for determining the antibody to DT (Anti-DT) and antibody to TT (Anti-TT) were established with the parallel lines method.Then the methodological verification and application study were conducted.Results The validation results of the two quantitative ELISA measurement methods were in accordance with the regulations.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-DT demonstrated to be 0.084 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.6%.The intra-assay coefficient of variation(CV) and inter-assay CV of this Anti-DT assay were ≤ 3.40% and ≤5.05%,respectively.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-TT demonstrated to be 0.175 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.5%.The intra-assay CV and inter-assay CV of this Anti-TT assay were ≤ 2.42% and ≤5.58%,respectively.These two methods were applied for the immunogenicity evaluation after infantile basic immunization by diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.Conclusion The two established quantitative ELISA methods demonstrate high accuracy and good reproducibility,which are suitable for the ordinary laboratory to carry out the work and can be used in the serological effect evaluation after diphtheria and tetanus vaccine immunization and epidemiological study of diphtheria and tetanus disease.

Liquid biopsy is a new noninvasive detection method and is also the main molecular detection method to guide the application of precision medicine. Liquid biopsy mainly includes the measurement of circulating free DNA (cf-DNA), circulating tumor cells, and exosomes, and in particular, cf-DNA is becoming a valuable molecular detection tool, especially in the early detection and diagnosis of liver cancer and parasitic infections involving the liver. This article reviews the clinical application of cf-DNA in liver cancer and liver-related parasitic diseases.