The incidence of biliary atresia is relatively high in China,but early diagnosis and early surgery are still not satisfactory,which have great impact on patients' long-term self-liver survival.Therefore,certain problems of great value require our critical thinking.How to change doctors and parents' attitude to the diagnosis and treatment of biliary atresia so that the patients could get treatment in time? Compared with the developed countries we have a late startup in biliary atresia surgery,so how to sum up experience from our large pediatric centers and spread it so that pediatric surgeons could be improved in a short time? Traditional Chinese Medicine is our unique resource,so how to take advantage of the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine so that a breakthrough could be made in postoperative clearance of jaundice,delayed and reduced postoperative liver fibrosis?

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical curative efficacy of compound mephedrine hydrochloride oral solution(CMHOS)for acute upper respiratory infection in children.METHODS:A total of240children with acute upper respiratory infection were enrolled:130(treatment group)were randomly assigned to receive ribavirim granules plus CMHOS,and110(control group)to receive ribavirim granules plus amoxicillin granules.Course of treatments for both groups were3days.the severity of symptoms was evaluated by graded scoring system,the symptom changes before and after treatment and the adverse drug reactions were observed.RESULTS:After treatment,both the cure rate and total effective rate were markedly higher in the treatment group than in the control group,with a significantly lower clinical symptoms integral as against the control group.CONCLUSION:The therapy of CMHOS plus ribovirin is effective in treating children with acute upper respiratory in?fection.

Leptin,a peptide encoded by the obese gene,is primarily secreted by adipocytes,which is a critical hormone controlling food intake, body weight, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Leptin can alter the reactivity of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular, thereby to regulate the gastric emptying and bow-el movement. Leptin seems to be a new gut hormone that has a close relationship with the function and dis-ease of gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the relationship of leptin and gastrointestinal motility.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical treatment for thyroid nodules.Methods The clinical data of 352 patients with thyroid nodules who had received surgical treatment were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results The post-operation pathological diagnosis showed these cases were composed of 182 thyroid adenomas,75 nodular goiters,38 adenomatous goiters,16 Hashimoto's diseases,40 papillary carcinomas and 1 follicular carcinoma.Surgical complications included 4 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries,1 superior laryngeal nerve injury,1 chyle leak,2 neck hematomas,1 pneumoderma,2 wound infections,1 transient hypocalcemia and 1 death from tracheal collapse.9 cases of recurrence were observed.Conclusion Pre-operation evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules should be well performed in order to identify surgical indications.Appropriate surgical procedures and experienced surgical hands may help to reduce operation complications and recurrence rate.

Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common biliary liver disease during liver transplantation for children.It is notably characterized by progressive hepatofibrosis.Even after Kasai operation,most children patients will unavoidably suffer progressive worsening of hepatofibrosis.Finally,they may be hit by cirrhosis,hypohepatia as well as a series of complication.Hepatofibrosis evaluation is known as a key component in the visit to child patients of BA after operation.Accurate understanding towards the degree of hepatofibrosis is of great significance for disease assessment of child patients.Hepatic tissue biopsy is carried out as a gold standard to grade hepatofibrosis.However,it still encounters many problems.Evaluation on hepatofibrosis of child patients based on multiple non-invasive indexes has attracted great attention in the study on biliary atresia prognosis at present.In this paper,the systematic analysis of some types of non-invasive diagnosis for hepatofibrosis of child patient is carried out.Furthermore,a summary is given in light of iconography and orrhology.

Objective To compare the healing ability differences between left colonic anastomosis and right colonic anastomosis in rats, in order to find a theoretical basis for the surgical management of colon resection. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A (end-to-end anastomosis of right colon, n=20), and group B (end-to-end anastomosis of left colon, n=20). Half of the rats in each group were sacrificed on the fourth day after operation, and the rest on the seventh day. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-13 and collagen type Ⅰ were shown by immunohistochemical staining, and the histopathologic changes at the anastomosis were also demonstrated. Results The expression of MMP-1, MMP-13 at left colonic anastomosis was higher than that of MMP-1, MMP-13 at right colonic anastomosis, the expression of collagen type Ⅰ was lower than that of collagen type Ⅰ at right colonic anastomosis on the fourth day (P<0.05); The expression of MMP-1 at left colonic anastomosis was higher than that of MMP-1 at right colonic anastomosis, the expression of collagen type Ⅰ was lower than that of collagen type Ⅰ at right colonic anastomosis on the seventh day (P<0.05). Conclusions The healing ability of right colonic anastomosis is higher than that of left colonic anastomosis.

Splenic cyst is clinically rare.It can be classified as either true or false.Ultrasound,CT and MRI scan are helpful in diagnosing splenic cyst.Indication for a treatment depends mainly on clinical symptoms and diameter of the cyst.Now,there is a more conservative attitude on splenic surgery and the patient should be offered laparoscopic approach.Both nonoperatively treated patients and surgically treated patients should be given ultrasound examination regularly,in order to check the cyst size and exclude reappearance.

Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in colorectal surgery;The healing of intestine is still the hot spot of current research.Methods of estimating intestinal healing mainly include mechanical,biochemical,immunohistochemical and hitological Method.The estimating parameters mainly Comprise bursting pressure,breaking strength,the amount of collangen and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP),and the scale for histology.The measurement of collagen and MMP is the nost import ant index for estimating healing of intestinal anastomoses.Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein that determines the mechanical stability of the connective tissue during wound healing.Collagen degradation is usually the result of the synergistic action of several MMPs.

Objective To analyze the use of narcotic drugs and the first class of psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of Wuhan Red Cross Hospital from 2011 to 2015.Methods Using the defined daily dose (DDD) which recommended by WHO as an index, and the dispensatory and clinical routine dose recommended by Chinese Pharmacopoeia and New Materia Medica as references.Adopting DUI as the statistic index, the drug's variety, quantity, sums and use frequency of the narcotic drugs and the first psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of our hospital from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed.Results According to the results, there was an increasing trend in sales amount from 2011 to 2015,among them,4 kinds of injections, 2 kinds of oral tablets,1 kind of transdermal patch and 1 kind of the sustained-release tablets.The sales amount of narcotic drugs showed an upward trend year by year.Conclusion In the past 5 years,the use of narcotic drugs and the first class of psychotropic drugs in inpatient pharmacy of the hospital are basically rreasonable, but it still needs to continuously strengthen the knowledge management of narcotic drugs and the related training, so as to ensure safe and effective use of medication in patients.

As hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis have chronic progressive process,the assessment of fibrosis is of great significance for making appropriate treatment.It is divided into two categories,which includes invasive and noninvasive assessing methods.As a noninvasive method,magnetic resonance shows prospect in many aspects.This article is a review of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.