Based on computer and network technologies,the information system has grown into an important part for normal operation of hospitals,pushing up the importance of its risk analysis and defense.This article briefly described general methods and processes of risk analysis for information system,brought forward methods of risk classification and level-defense to identify and manage risks effectively,highlighted the importance of risk analysis,after-defense evaluating and tracking.This method is called into play to identify risks exposure of the information system of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,contributing to a risk response table,developing a sustained improvement process for risk identification,control,appraisal and tracking,with defense carried out in specific system upgrading projects.

Objective Though measuring the expression levels of blood aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1),to explore the relationship between the expression levels and chronic arsenic poisoning induced skin changes.Methods Totally 233 residents were selected in Hanggin Rear Banner arsenic exposure area of Bayannur City,according to water arsenic concentrations,these people were divided into control (＜ 10 μg/L,55 people),low (10-＜ 100 μg/L,47),medium (100-＜ 200 μg/L,45) and high (≥200 pg/L,86) arsenic exposure groups.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of blood AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA,which were presented in median and quartile [M (Q1-Q3)],and the relationships between their expression levels and keratosis,depigmentation of skin were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA in high-dose groups were 3.18 × 10-3 (2.42 × 10-3-4.45 × 10-3) and 1.58 × 10-3 (0.80 ×10-3-2.73 × 10-3),which were higher than those in control groups [2.30 × 10-3 (1.53 × 10-3-3.20 × 10-3) and 1.00 × 10-3 (0.59 × 10-3-2.09 × 10-3)],and the difference were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were higher,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =20.187,15.848,21.595,all P ＜ 0.05).The detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased with increase of water arsenic concentrations (x2 =19.012,15.269,16.868,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal [2.54 × 10-3 (1.79 × 10-3-3.43 × 10-3),2.57 × 10-3 (1.78 × 10-3-3.52 × 10-3)],AhR mRNA relative expression levels [4.45 × 10-3 (3.47 × 10-3-8.04 × 10-3),4.45 × 10-3 (4.02 × 10-3-6.25 × 10-3)] of degree Ⅲ keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure affects the expression level of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA.Blood AhR mRNA expression may have relationship with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change,but blood CYP1A1 mRNA expression may have nothing to do with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change.

Objectives To monitor the residents prevalence of endemic arsenism in the disease affected areas in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide feasible suggestions for control of arsenism in the future. Methods Monitoring data were obtained from the Project of Endemic Disease Prevention Granted by Central Government in 2010 - 2012, and the conditions of arsenism patients from 38 endemic arsenic villages were analyzed among different year, age and gender. Results The detection rate of arsenism of the 38 surveillance villages was 7.38%(517/7 004) in 2010, 7.10%(482/6 784) in 2011 and 6.62% (431/6 514) in 2012. The arsenism patients of mild;moderate and severe cases from 2010 to 2012, accounted for 74.47% (385/517), 74.27% (358/482), 75.17% (324/431); 16.83% (87/517), 16.60% (80/482), 15.78% (68/431) and 8.7% (45/517), 9.13% (44/482), 9.05% (39/431), respectively. For skin lesions, the detection rates of keratosis, pigmentation and depigmentation from 2010 to 2012, were 8.08%(566/7 004), 7.90%(536/6 784), 7.77%(506/6 514);3.27%(229/7 004), 3.29%(223/6 784), 2.87%(187/6 514) and 6.68% (468/7 004), 6.63% (450/6 784), 5.82% (379/6 514), respectively, showed a declining trend. It also showed a declining trend with age, and the patients were mainly 40 years old people and older, and the highest detection rate was in the 60- 70 years old group[15.54%(143/920)、14.72%(135/917)、13.36%(136/1 018)]. For gender distribution, the detection rate of the three years was higher in male than female [male 8.24%(300/3 639), 7.99%(283/3 542), 7.71%(260/3 372);female 6.45%(217/3 365), 6.14%(199/3 242), 5.44%(171/3 142),χ2=8.24, 8.77, 13.54, all P〈0.01]. Conclusion There is no big change of arsenism conditions in 2010-2012, with a slight declining trend.

Objective To investigate the expression and the significance of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3)in placenta,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in maternal and cord blood of idiopathic fetal growth restriction(IFGR),and their correlation with the pathogenesis of symmetric and asymmetric IFGR.Methods From April 2008 to April 2009,42 primiparae of singleton pregnancy and their IFGR babies,who delivered at term through cesarean section, in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled. All subjectects were divided into symmetric IFGR group (n=20) and asymmetric IFGR group (n =22). Another 42 non-IFGR pairs were randomly selected as the control group. The polink-2 plus polymerized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemical method and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to detect TLR-3 and TNF-α levels. Results (1) The expression of TLR-3 protein were observed in all maternal placenta of the three groups. TLR-3 essentially expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and hofbouer cells in the symmetric IFGR and control group, but expressed mostly in hofbouer cells and less in syneytiotrophoblasts in the asymmetric IFGR group. (2) The expression of TLR-3 in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group was significantly lower than in the control group (111±14 and 118±11 vs. 156 ± 9, P<0. 01). The number of TLR-3 positive in Hofbourer cell in the symmetric IFGR group was lower than the control group (8. 9±2. 8 vs 17.5±2. 8, P <0. 01 ), but the number in the asymmetric IFGR group was higher (23.8±3.7) compared with the control group (P <0. 01). (3) The TNF-α levels in the maternal and cord blood of the symmetric and the asymmetric group were higher than that of the control group [maternal : (90±10) μg/L and ( 86±11 ) μg/L vs. (73±9) μg/L;cord blood: (92±12) μg/L and (96±8) μg/L vs. (79±9) μg/L;P<0.01]. (4) Neither symmetric nor the asymmetric IFGR group showed any correlations between the maternal and cord blood levels of TNF-α (P>0. 05). (5) Significant correlation was found between the TNF-α level of the cord blood and TLR-3 expression in the placenta in both the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group(P<0. 05),but no relationship was found between the maternal blood TNF-α level and TLR-3 expression in the placenta (P>0. 05). Conclusions The variantions of TLR-3 expression in placenta and the increased expression of TNF-α in cord blood are associated with the genesis IFGR. The reduced expression of TLR-3 may related to symmetric IFGR, while the increased TLR-3 level in hofbouer cells may lead to asymmetric IFGR.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; injuries ; Mouth Diseases ; chemically induced ; nursing ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Patient Care ; standards

Objective To study the effect and mechanisms of chloride channel blocker 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) on thansforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induced human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConF) fibrosis.Methods Cell counting kit (CCK-8) was used to screen out the optimal TGF-β1 treatment time and the optimal NPPB concentration.The cells were divided into control group,TGF-β1 treatment group and TGF-β1+NPPB group.Cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometer,respectively.Cell migration ability were observed by scratch and transwell migration assays.Western blot and Real time-PCR were used to detect the expression of collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ),fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).The phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt were measured by Western blot.Results TGF-β1 promotes cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner.There was no statistically significant difference in A values between 48 hours and 72 hours after TGF-β1 treatment (P =0.064).Forty-eight hours was selected as the most appropriate time for TGF-β1 treatment.NPPB inhibited HConF cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.Compared with the control group,the proliferation A values of cells in the 50 mol/L and 100 mol/L NPPB groups were significantly reduced (P =0.020,0.000),and 100 mol/L was selected as the optimal concentration of NPPB.The cell proliferation A value,migration area and migration cell number of TGF-β1 +NPPB group were significantly lower than those of TGF-β1 treatment group (all at P＜0.05).Compared with the control group and TGF-β1 +NPPB group,the proportion of G1 phase cells in the TGF-β1 treatment group was reduced,and the proportion of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase were increased,with statistically significant differences between them (all at P ＜ 0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of α-SMA,COL-Ⅰ and FN in the TGF-β1 treatment group were higher than those in the control group and TGF-β1+NPPB group,with statistically significant differences between them(all at P＜0.05);the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in the TGF-β1 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group and TGF-β1 +NPPB group,with statistically significant differences between them (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions NPPB may inhibit TGF-β1 induced HConF fibrosis process by inhibiting phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt.

Objective Through measuring and analyzing blood Heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and HSP90 mRNA expression of different levels of arsenic exposure population,to explore the relationship between HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA expression and endemic arsenic poisoning.Methods The study subjects included a total of 226 residents exposed to arsenic via drinking water from two townships in the city of Bayannur (Shengfeng Township and Hangjinhouqishahai Township Wuyuan County) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2011.The residents were divided into four groups according to drinking water arsenic concentration:control group (drinking water arsenic concentration ＜ 10 μg/L),low exposure group (drinking water arsenic concentration 10-＜ 100 μg/L),middleexposure group (drinking water arsenic concentration 100-＜ 200 μg/L),and high exposure group (drinking water arsenic concentration ≥200 μg/L).Epidemiological investigation was carried out.Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the expression levels of blood HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA.And the relationships between the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA and water arsenic and urinary arsenic levels were analyzed.Results ①With the increase of arsenic concentration,the expression level of HSP70 mRNA increased first and then decreased.The HSP70 mRNA in the blood of high exposure group [2.44 × 10-3 (1.72 × 10-3)] and middle exposure group [3.01 × 10-3 (1.95 × 10-3)] were significantly different from that in the control group [2.27 × 10-3 (1.09 × 10-3),P ＜ 0.05].There was significant difference between the middle exposure group [3.01 × 10-3 (1.95 × 10-3)] and the low and high exposure groups [2.38 × 10-3 (1.55 × 10-3),2.44 × 10-3 (1.72 × 10-3),P ＜ 0.05].The expression of HSP70 mRNA in blood of male [2.71 × 10-3 (1.90 × 10-3)] was slightly higher than that of female [2.34 × 10-3 (1.35 × 10-3),t =2.523,P ＜ 0.05].② With the increase of arsenic concentration,the expression level of HSP90 mRNA increased first and then decreased.The expression of HSP90 mRNA in the middle exposure group [1.29 × 10-2(1.04 × 10-2)] was significantly different from that in the control group [1.04 × 10-2 (0.83 × 10-2),P ＜ 0.05].The differences of HSP90 mRNA between the high exposure group [1.19 × 10-2 (0.88 × 10-2)] and the low and middle exposure groups [1.23 × 10-2 (0.68 × 10-2),1.29 × 10-2 (1.04 × 10-2)] were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).③The relative expression of HSP70 mRNA showed a U-shaped regression relationship with the level of urinary arsenic exposure (R2 =0.031,P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of HSP90 mRNA was also correlated with urinary arsenic and nail arsenic (R2 =0.049,0.036,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic arsenic exposure affects blood HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA expression.

Objective To detect retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) mRNA expression in blood of subjects exposed to different concentrations of arsenic via drinking water, to analyze the relationship between RXRα mRNA expression and skin lesion caused by arsenic,and further to explore the skin lesion mechanism of arsenic. Methods Study sites were selected by molecular epidemiology method from high arsenic drinking water area of Bayannur City. Two hundred and thirty-five subjects who had been lived in high arsenic area for more than 10 years were selected;blood samples and water samples were collected from the subjects; according to arsenic concentration in drinking water,they were divided into four groups,<10 μg/L(control group),10-<100 μg/L(low dose group),100- <200 μg/L (middle dose group), and ≥200 μg/L (high dose group). Skin hyperkeratosis and pigment abnormity examination were conducted. The RXRα mRNA expression level in blood samples was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and then the relationship between expression of RXRα mRNA and different levels of arsenic exposure,and skin lesion induced by arsenic were analyzed. Results ①The results showed that there was a dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of hyperkeratosis, pigment abnormity and arsenic exposure (χ2= 14.597, 12.825, P < 0.05); ②With increasing of arsenic exposure, RXRα mRNA expression in blood decreased firstly and then increased (F = 8.312, P < 0.05), which were significantly different statistically from those of control [(1.20 ±0.53)×10-3]and low dose groups[(0.92 ± 0.49)×10-3,P<0.05];RXRα expression was significantly higher in high dose group[(1.40 ± 0.45)×10-3]than those of middle and low dose groups [(1.12 ± 0.58,0.92 ± 0.49)×10-3,P<0.05]; ③The RXRα mRNA expression in people with different level of skin damage (hyper keratosis and pigment abnormity)were statistically significant(F=4.206,4.389, P< 0.05); degree Ⅲ[(1.98 ± 0.38) × 10-3] hyperkeratosis patients compared with degree Ⅰ [(1.11 ± 0.52) × 10-3] and degree Ⅱ [(1.13 ± 0.42) × 10-3], RXRα mRNA expression was significantly different (P < 0.05), degree Ⅱ and higher degrees [(1.61 ± 0.54) × 10 -3] pigment abnormity patients compared with control [(1.15 ± 0.52)×10-3],RXRα mRNA expression was significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure has an effect on RXRα mRNA expression in blood. There is a relationship between abnormal expression of RXRα mRNA and skin lesion induced by arsenic.

Objective To understand the changes of skin lesions in population exposed to arsenic through drinking-water in Inner Mongolia after changing water source for 12 years,and to evaluate the long-term harmful effects and the delayed injury to human body due to arsenic exposure and the effect of changing water.Methods The stratified random cluster sampling investigation objects (data derived from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention) of the arsenic exposure area before water reform (2004) as the foundation,in 2017,we selected three administrative villages (changed water in 2005) in Bayan Nur City of Inner Mongolia as survey sites.The objects of this study were residents who had been living in the survey site and were eligible for previous survey (n =80,35 males and 45 females).To compare the skin damage of the residents exposed to arsenic before and after the water changed,the water samples of the survey objects were measured arsenic content.According to the content of water arsenic,the respondents were divided into low,medium and high exposure groups (10-,150-,≥300 μg/L),to analyze clinical classification in skin damage before and after changing water.Results The water arsenic content after changing [1.42 (0.18-33.45) μg/L] was lower than those before the changes [238.20 (14.56-824.70) μg/L,Z =-8.34,P ＜ 0.05].A total of 63 persons with skin keratinization,7 persons with hyperpigmentation and 19 persons with depigmentation were identified after the changes of drinking water source,while 38,3 and 18 persons were respectively found before the changes.The detection rate of skin keratinization after water changes was significantly higher than that before water changes [78.8％ (63/80) vs 47.5％ (38/80),x2 =16.78,P ＜0.05].According to the clinical classification of skin damage,23 patients were normal,44 patients were suspicious,10 patients were mild,and 3 patients were moderate or severe after the water changes,compared with those before the water changes (38,18,6 and 18 persons were respectively found),the clinical fractional suspicious detection rate of skin damage in the arsenic exposed population increased,and the medium-severe detection rate decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =17.80,12.33,P ＜ 0.05).The detection rate of the clinical score of moderate-severe skin damage in men was significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.65,P ＜ 0.05).The normal detection rate of female skin lesions was reduced,and the rate of suspected detection was increased (x2 =5.48,7.65,P ＜ 0.05).In the high-and medium-dose groups,41.9％ (13/31) and 42.9％(12/28) of the arsenic exposure population had a reduced clinical classification of skin damage.The ratios of clinical classification severity of skin damage in the high-,medium-and low-dose groups were 25.8％ (8/31),25.0％ (7/28),and 42.9％ (9/21).The differences were statistical significantly by linear trend chi-square test (x2 =12.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The skin lesions exposed to arsenic could be effectively improved after changing water.But the skin lesions still appear in some cases due to long-term chronic arsenic exposure.The long-term effects caused by arsenic should be explored persistently.