Objective:To compare two flexible embryo catheters and determine whether clinical out-come differs in the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)cycles.Methods:This prospective control study was conducted by one doctor between July 2012 and November 2013.In the study,2 064 patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer by using IVF-ET/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-ET in Reproductive Medical Center of Peking University Third Hospital were recruited.The subjects were di-vided into two groups.Cook Sydney IVF embryo transfer catheters (product model:K-JETS-7019-SIVF) were used for embryo transfer in group 1 (n =949),and FrydmanCCD catheters (product model:131230301)were used in group 2 (n =1 115).Pregnancy outcomes were compared between these two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in age,diagnosis for infertility and stimulation proto-col used between the two groups.In addition,there was no difference in the number of oocytes collected and in the number and score of embryos transferred.The significantly higher implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,and live birth rate (34.40% vs.26.92%,51.21% vs.41.52%,42.57% vs. 33.09%,P <0.05)were observed in group 1 compared with group 2.The abortion rate was not signifi-cantly different between the two groups (11.93% vs.15.98%,P >0.05).The proportion of difficult transfer was higher in group 1 than that in group 2 (5.27% vs.3.41%,P <0.05 ).There was no difference in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between the two difficult transfer cycles.Con-clusion:The type of embryo transfer catheter affects the clinical outcome in IVF.Good clinical outcome can be obtained by using Cook Sydney IVF catheter,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To analyze the mechanism of Chaiqin Qingning capsule in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection by network pharmacology.Methods:Baicalin, radix bupleuri and artificial bezoar were selected as the main ingredients of Chaiqin Qingning capsules. The active ingredients were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Chinese Traditional Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) databases, and the target prediction and analysis were carried out through Drugbank and TCMSP databases. Genecards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and MalaCards databases were used to screen out the genes related to upper respiratory tract infection. Omicshare platform was employed to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the targets. Uniprot database and Cystoscope software were used to construct protein interaction network. The network diagram of " compound-target-action pathway" was constructed with Cytoscape software to analyze the biological function and metabolism pathway of the key targets of Chaiqin Qingning capsule.Results:A total of 20 pharmacodynamic compounds in Chaiqin Qingning capsules were extracted, corresponding to 215 targets. 102 genes related to upper respiratory tract infection. A total of 18 common target genes were obtained by intersecting the corresponding targets of the compounds with disease-related targets. There were 986 protein interactions among 56 targets in the interaction network of Chaiqin qingning capsule in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection, of which 673 were ≥0.9, which was a highly reliable interaction. According to the analysis of topological parameters, 18 genes were identified as the target of Chaiqin Qingning capsule in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. Using GO analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that Chaiqin Qingning capsule may exert the pharmacological effect in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection by regulating biological processes and related signaling pathways such as immune system, inflammatory response, cell apoptosis and proliferation process.Conclusions:Through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, Chaiqin Qingning capsule can affect immune system activation, stress response, inflammatory factor release, apoptosis process, cell proliferation, intracellular oxidation metabolism and other signal pathways and pathophysiological process, thus playing a role in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection.