Objective To explore the relationship of serum level of Cystatin C and suPAR with tumor infiltration, metastasis, and treatment of patients with malignant tumor. Methods: The serum levels of Cystatin C was detected by particle enhanced nephelometic immunoassay (PENIA) by 7600-010 full-automatic biochemical analyzer made in Japan. The level of suPAR was detected by ELISA. The serum levels of Cystatin C and suPARof 82 normal adults and 172 patients with malignant tumor were measured and compared. Results: The serum level of Cystatin C and suPAR in patients with malignant tumor was significantly increased compared with that of normal adults (P＜0.01 and P＜0.01). The level of Cystatin C and suPAR in terminally ill patients or patients with metastasis was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of the two indices in postoperative patients were lower than those in preoperative patients. No significant difference was found in the levels of the two indicies before chemotherapy or radiotherapy and after therapy. Conclusion: The serum levels of Cystatin C and suPARin patients with malignant tumor are correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis and surgical intervention. Detection of Cystatin C and suPAR levels in patients with malignant tumor is valuable for disease monitoring and treatment evaluation.

Objective:To analyze the time consumption in the review of multicenter clinical trials and to explore the methods of improving the approval efficiency.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 246 multicenter clinical trials approved by our hospital from 2012.Group A were trials that our hospital was the leading site while group B were those not.In group B,trials were divided into group B1 (conference review) and B2 (expeditedreview)according to the ethical review methods.Each group's ethical review time,contract signature time,starting experiment time,the total time consumption of review,and the time from the leading site approving to the participating site submitting application were analyzed.Results:In the review of multicenter clinical trials,contract signature cost the most time,accounting for 41％.There was no significant difference in terms of whether to be the leading site.The total time consumption of group B1 and group B2 was 180.94 days and 140.36 days (P ＜0.05),respec tively.The average ethical review time of group B1 was about 20 days longer than group B2 (P ＜ 0.01).There were 96.54 days that the leading site submitted review materials to the participating site after approved.Conclusions:In multicenter clinical trials,for those the leading site has already approved,immediate submission to participating site and choosing the expedited review method may improve the ethical review efficiency,thereby shorten the total approval time consumption.

Objective To translate the English version of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. Methods The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of scale was tested among 480 nurses from Tianjin First Central Hospital. Results The revised Chinese version of the Nursing Professional Self-Efficacy Scale contained 19 entries, the Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.95, the test-retest reliability was 0.91. Conclusions The revised Chinese version of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale has acceptable reliability and validity. It can be used to measure the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy among nurses in China.

0.05), but there was significant difference between different-severitydepression with suicidal behavior (P

Purpose To explore the apoptosis mechanism of human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 processed with ultrasound (US) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT), with self-contained lactic acid/glycolic acid (PLGA) microbubbles (MBQDs/PLGA) containing quantum dots (QDs) as a photosensitizer. Materials and Methods MBQDs/PLGA was prepared with double emulsion method, and MTT was used to compare the cytotoxic activity difference between QDs and MBQDs/PLGA, to determine the proper treatment condition. SKOV3 cells were treated under selective conditions, cell damage manifestation was observed with HE staining, and double staining flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Results When cells were treated with PDT with energy density of 180.0 J/cm2 and US with sound intensity of 0.5 W/cm2 (1.0 MHz, 10 s), cell deformation could be observed under a microscope in both US-PDT-MBQDs/PLGA group and PDT-MBQDs/PLGA group, and cell connections were absent between cells;transmission electron microscope showed dense chromatin gathered along the nuclear membrane, with the formation of apoptotic bodies also be displayed. Maximum apoptosis rate was (22.17±0.38)% Conclusion MBQDs/PLGA-mediated PDT contains proliferation inhibition effect for SKOV3 cells, which can be synergied with low-power ultrasonic irradiation due to sonoporation effect.

Objective To explore the correlation of CT perfusion imaging with microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).Methods Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging was performed in 27 patients with HAE.Time-density curves(TDC) of the HAE peripheral area was drawn from the region of interest (ROI) with perfusion functional software.CT perfusion parameters including blood flow ( BF ),blood volume ( BV ),mean transit time(MTT) and permeability surface area product (PS) were calculated.MVD and VEGF expression of pathological specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34,anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody.The CT perfusion parameters,MVD and VEGF were compared in different types of TDC with t test.The correlation of CT perfusion parameters with MVD and VEGF were analyzed with Spearman test.Results In this group,21 cases which TDC lower than that of the liver were classified as type Ⅰ,the others 6 cases TDC higher than the liver were of type Ⅱ TDC.TDC perfusion parameters of the two types were as follows,BF:( 111.7 + 27.6),( 158.9 + 39.5 ) ml · 100 g- 1 · min - 1,BV:( 15.1 + 6.2),(26.8+8.4) ml/100 g,MTT:(7.0+4.4),(7.7+3.1) s,PS:(51.7 +17.3),(51.0+20.5) ml·100 g-1 · min-1.The significant differences of BF,BV and MVD[ (20.5 +5.4)/HP,(37.2 ±7.5)/HP,respectively ] were found between two types ( t =- 7.897,- 18.783,- 5.223,P ＜ 0.05,respectively).There were no significant differences in MTT,PS and VEGF expression(2.1 ± 1.0,3.2 ± 1.0,respectively)between two types of TDC(P ＞0.05).The correlation was found between the MVD and BF and BV in the type Ⅱ TDC group( r =0.789 and 0.878,respectively) and no correlation was found between MVD and each CT perfusion parameters in the type Ⅰ TDC group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).There was no correlation between the VEGF expression and CT perfusion parameters in two types of TDC ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion CT perfusion imaging with different type of TDC reflected different situation of angiogenesis in HAE peripheral area,which could be a potential technique to illustrate the microcirculation of this disease.

Objective:To study the effects of obesity induced by high-fat diet on T lymphocyte subsets in the adipose tissue in mice.Methods:C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, the normal control group and high-fat diet group.After feeding 16 weeks, serum was separated and CHOL, TG, HDL, LDL and glucose levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer.The concentrations of TNF-αwere determined by ELISA kit.FACS was used to analyze the number of T cells and the percentage of subgroup in epididymal fat adipose tissue.Results:Compared with control group,body weight,weight gain,epididymal fat pad weight,perirenal fat weight,blood lipids,glucose and TNF-αwere significantly increased in high-fat diet group,but there were no difference in the thymus index and spleen index between the two groups.Compared with the control group,the mice fed a high-fat diet had increasing proportion of CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in adipose tissue and there was a significant increase on the proportion of Th1 and Th17 sublineage in the HFD group.Conclusion:High-fat diet induced obesity can lead to the increasing proportion of CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in epididymal fat pads and generate a progressive Th1 and Th17 bias.

To investigate the effect of CDR1/CDR2 or MDR1 genes overexpression on oxidative stress in Candida albicans,we evaluated the effect of H2O2 on cell viability in C.albicans overexpressing genes CDR1 /CDR2 or MDR1 and their parent strains.After establishing an oxidative stress model with H2O2,we detected reactive oxygen species (ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and the expression of oxidative stress response-related genes (CAP1 and GRP2) and ROS clearance related-genes (SOD2 and SOD5).The results showed that C.albicans growth were inhibited by 100％ after the treatment of 5 mmol/L H2O2.HeO2 caused more ROS accumulation and Δψm reduction in parent strains than in CDR1/CDR2 or MDR1 genes overexpressed strains (P＜0.05).Compared to parent strains,the up-regulated expression of CAP1 and GRP2 were relatively less in CDR1/CDR2 or MDR1 genes overexpressed strains,moreover,the down-regulated expression of SOD2 and SOD5 were also relatively less in CDR1/CDR2 or MDR1 genes overexpressed strains (P＜0.05).In conclusion,the overexpression of CDR1/CDR2 and MDR1 genes could reduce the oxidative stress response and enhance the adaptability of C.albicans to oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering plays a very important role in the repair of bone defects, which can deliver bioactive substances, promote bone tissue growth and repair bone defects. Bone scaffolds act as one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can achieve individualized bone tissue repair through customized artificial bone preparation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biological characteristics of several commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffolds and to explore the application of 3D printing technique in the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.METHODS: The literatures of PubMed and Wanfang database related to bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and 3D printing technology were retrieved from 2005 to 2016. The Keywords were tissue engineering scaffold, bone defects,polymer materials, bioceramics, metal materials, composite materials, 3D printing in English and Chinese, respectively,which would appear simultaneously in title and abstract. Repetitive articles were excluded and finally 65 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffold materials include polymer materials (natural and macromolecule polymeric materials), bioceramics, and metal materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, composite materials made of different materials can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material, and then developed into new tissue engineering scaffold materials. For the tissue engineering bone production, 3D printing technologies include melt deposition technology, selective laser sintering technology, low temperature deposition manufacturing technology, and etc. When the 3D printing technology is used to prepare a bone tissue engineering scaffold, the use of powder or adhesive must have limited conditions, such as flowability, stability and wettability. Powder materials used for 3D printing can be divided into synthetic polymers, natural macromolecules,bioceramics and their mixtures, with different advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the bone engineering scaffolds produced by 3D printing technology have unique advantages in mechanics, structure and individuality, and have wide application prospect in the manufacture of bone scaffolds.

Diabetes is the general chronic metabolic disease,with chronic hyperglycemia as the main clinical characteristic.Proteomics discusses and explores the pathogenesis of diabetes more deeply from the overall level of proteins,which has been frequently applied in Chinese medicine research.This paper summarized proteomics application in the study of Chinese medicine intervening diabetes mellitus,including screening and verification of proteomics in Chinese medicine syndromes of diabetes and its complications,as well as proteomics analysis of pharmacological mechanism of related Chinese medicine.This paper also prospected its outlook,in hope toprovide new clues and basis for the pathogenesis theory of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and functioning targets,and to deepen research on Chinese medicine intervening diabetes.