Objective: To examine the inflammatory indicators in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), so as to provide insights into early screening and recognition of OSCC. Methods: A total of 86 OSCC patients, 61 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 71 patients without the above diseases were selected from Peking University Hospital of Stomatology and were enrolled in the OSCC group, CP group and control group. Procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet count and lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured in peripheral blood. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned inflammatory indicators in OSCC screening. Results: The OSCC group consisted of 46 males and 40 females, with a median age of 59.50 (interquartile range, 18.25) years; the CP group consisted of 32 males and 29 females, with a median age of 53.00 (interquartile range, 14.50) years; the control group consisted of 36 males and 35 females, with a median age of 54.00 (interquartile range, 16.00) years. Compared with the control group and the CP group, the PCT, SAA, CRP, WBC, NEUT%, NLR and PLR in the OSCC group were increased, and the LMR was decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The combined use of PCT, SAA and CRP had a good effect in distinguishing the OSCC group from the control group, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.992, which was higher than the individual identification of the 8 indicators (all P<0.05). The combined use of PCT, WBC, and NLR also had a good effect in distinguishing the OSCC group from the CP group, with an AUC value of 0.841, which was higher than the individual identification of WBC, LMR and PLR (all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with patients with CP, as well as patients without OSCC and CP, patients with OSCC exhibit significant differences in inflammatory indicator levels, which may facilitate early identification of OSCC.

OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of L-Carnosine in Polaprezine granules.METHODS:The Chromatographic column was Agilent ODS with detection wavelength of 215 nm and flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The mobile phase consisted of sodium subsulfite buffer solution(pH=3)-acetonetrile(77:23).The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and injection size was 10 ?L.RESULTS:The good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.1559～3.1584 ?g for L-Carnosine(r=1.0000).The average recovery was 99.65%(RSD=0.078%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and sensitive,and it is suitable for content determination of L-Carnosine in Polaprezine granules.

Objective To observe the protective effects of lovastatin against lung injury and the expression changes of adiponectin in the septic rats.Methods Fifty four male Wistar rats weighting 250-300g were randomly divided into the three groups:sham operation group ( group Sham) ,sepsis group ( group CLP) and lovastatin interven tion group (group LOV).Rats were injected with lovastatin (4mg/kg) or 0.5%CMC (vehicle) for five days and then subjected to CLP.At 4h,12h and 24h after operation.BALF was collected to determine the levels of TNF-αand IL-6,lung tissue was obtained to observe histopathological changes,and to detect the content of MPO and MDA,the blood sample was obtained to detect the level of adiponectin.Results In the group Sham,at 4h,12h and 24h time points,the levels of TNF-αwere (1.80 ±0.13)pg/mL,(2.04 ±0.15)pg/mL and (1.930.19)pg/mL;the levels of IL-6 were (20.56 ±0.23)pg/mL,(18.35 ±0.15) pg/mL and (21.23 ±0.20) pg/mL;the contents of MPO were (2.82 ±0.14) U/g tissue,(2.88 ±0.07) U/g tissue and (2.76 ±0.18) U/g tissue;and the levels of MDA were (3.32 ±0.12)nmol/mg,(3.09 ±0.11)nmol/mg and (3.21 ±0.08)nmol/mg;the concentrations of adiponectin were (2.68 ±0.14)μg/mL,(2.80 ±0.07)μg/mL and (2.86 ±0.18)μg/mL.Compared with group Sham,both LOV group and CLP group had increased pulmonary damage:(1)the levels of TNF-α[4h,12h and 24h were (4.23 ± 0.18)pg/mL,(5.62 ±0.24)pg/mL and (5.14 ±0.10)pg/mL,t=28.41,30.98 and 36.62]and IL-6[4h,12h and 24h were (39.12 ±0.17) pg/mL,(47.25 ±0.21) pg/mL and (44.690.27) pg/mL,t =158.90,273.40 and 127.28] of the CLP group in BALF were both increased,and MPO[4h,12h and 24h were (4.85 ±0.13) U/g tissue, (6.17 ±0.08)U/g tissue and (7.84 ±0.10)U/g tissue,t=26.39,79.40 and 60.43]and MDA[4h,12h and 24h were (6.24 ±0.06)nmol/mg,(7.56 ±0.15)nmol/mg and (8.43 ±0.10)nmol/mg,t=53.31,58.86 and 90.06] concentrations in lung homogenate were raised with the decreased expression of serum adiponectin[4h,12h and 24h were (1.35 ±0.10)μg/mL,(1.17 ±0.07)μg/mL and (1.24 ±0.11)μg/mL,t=19.86,12.75 and 18.81](all P<0.05);(2) meanwhile the levels of TNF-α[4h,12h and 24h were (2.85 ±0.17) pg/mL,(3.720.13) pg/mL and (3.240.09)pg/mL,t=12.02、20.73 and 16.68]and IL-6[4h,12h and 24h were (30.75 ±0.22)pg/mL, (37.52 ±0.29)pg/mL and (32.43 ±0.26)pg/mL,t=78.42,68.29 and 83.67]in BALF of the LOV group were all increased,the contents of MPO[4h,12h and 24h were(3.59 ±0.05)U/g tissue,(4.67 ±0.11)U/g tissue and (5.33 ± 0.05)U/g tissue,t=12.03,33.63 and 33.70]and MDA[4h,12h and 24h were (4.45 ±0.10)nmol/mg,(5.01 ± 0.11)nmol/mg and (5.83 ±0.04) nmol/mg,t =17.72,30.23 and 71.75] were also increased with the serum adiponectin concentrations[4h,12h and 24h were (2.09 ±0.08)μg/mL,(2.07 ±0.05)μg/mL and (2.03 ± 0.10)μg/mL,t=8.96,20.79 and 6.30]dicreased(all P<0.05).There were less histopathological changes in the LOV group,and the levels of TNF-α(t=13.46,17.05 and 15.43),IL-6(t=73.70,64.10 and 80.12),MPO(t=22.16,27.01and 32.86) and MDA(t=37.59,42.72 and 59.13) were lower than those in CLP group,also the level of adiponectin(t=14.15,8.10 and 3.19) increased siginificantly(all P<0.05).Conclusion Administration of lovastatin could attenuate lung injury of the sepsis by down-regulate the level of TNF-αand IL-6,with reduced inflam-matory response and oxidative stress,and could upregulate the level of adiponectin in serums of rats with sepsis.

Objective To investigate the effects of acetylated HMGB1 on cognitive function in rats with sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) and the effect of HMGB1 inhibitor.Methods Forty-eight males mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n=16): sham group (group S),cecal ligation puncture group (group C),cecal ligation puncture+sodium butyrate group (group B).Cecal ligation puncture was applied to establish the SAE model,and group S received sham operation.Rats in groups S and C were injected with normal saline 5 ml/kg 30 min and 4 h after CLP,respectively.The rats in group B were intraperitoneally injected with sodium butyrate 500 mg/kg 0.5 h and 4 h after CLP,respectively.All animals were performed Morris water maze test on 4th day after operation,and the exploring time of space exploration experiments were assessed on 7th day after CLP surgery.IL-6,BDNF,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 expression in hippocampus of all rats were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with group S,the latency of rats in group C was longer and the exploring time was shorter (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the latency of rats in group B was shorter and the exploring time was longer (P<0.05).Compared with group S,the expression of IL-6,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 in group C increased (P<0.05) and the level of BDNF decreased (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the expression of IL-6,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 in group B decreased (P<0.05) and the level of BDNF increased (P<0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 inhibitor sodium butyrate can inhibit the expression of acetylated HMGB1 in the hippocampus of SAE rats,and reduce the cognitive impairment induced by sepsis.

Objective:To explore the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in peritoneal macrophages of septic mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Ihe mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured by conventional methods.The model of inflammation was established by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to incubate with mouse peritoneal macrophages.The PGE2,prostaglandin E receptor (EP) 4 agonist,EP4 RNAi,and DN.CREB inhibitory plasmid were used to interfere with the LPS-treated mouse peritoneal macrophage.The levels of HMGB 1 was determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with LPS alone treatment,the expression of HMGB 1 in peritoneal macrophages was increased obviously after 24 h by treatment with PGE2 and LPS,and it was also increased after the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h (both P<0.05);compared with the PGE2+LPS treatment,the level of HMGB1 was decreased after knockdown of EP4 receptor expression (P<0.05);compared with EP4 receptor agonist +LPS treatment,there was no difference in HMGB1 levels in mice after the treatment with DN.CREB plasmid to suppress CREB function (P>0.05);compared with LPS alone treatment,the combined treatment of EP4 receptor agonist with LPS for 24 h could up-regulate the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and protein kinase B (Akt) thr308 (P<0.05),which were blocked by EGFR inhibitor.Once Akt specific inhibitor was used before EP4 and LPS treatment,the expression of HMGB1 was declined (P<0.05).Conclusion:PGE2 can up-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in sepsis of peritoneal macrophages through EP4 receptor,which may be related to the activation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogeneous adiponectin on hippocampal advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods Thirty-two healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 18 months, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), POCD group, exogeneous adiponectin group (group APN), and vehicle group (group Veh).Splenectomy was performed to establish the POCD model in aged mice anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium.In group APN, adiponectin 0.1 μg/g (in 2 μl of phosphate buffer solution) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle at 30 min before establishing the model.Phosphate buffer solution 2 μl was given at 30 min before establishing the model in group Veh.Cognitive function was assessed on day 7 after surgery.The mice were then sacrificed, and the hippocampus was harvested for determination of the area of AGE deposition (by immunohistochemistry), levels of ROS (by flow cytometry), and levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12 and ROS (using Western blot).Results Compared with group S, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were increased, and the level of GRP78 was decreased in POCD, APN and Veh groups.Compared with POCD and Veh groups, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased, and the level of GRP78 was increased in group APN.Conclusion Exogeneous adiponectin decreases the occurrence of POCD probably by blocking hippocampal AGEs-ROS-ERS pathway in aged mice.

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal cyclophilin D (CypD) in sepsis-associated encephalopathy in rats.Methods A total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 300-400 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),sepsis group (S group),and sepsis + CypD inhibitor cyclosporin A group (CsA group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Cyclosporin A 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before CLP in group CsA.All the animals underwent Morris water maze test on 4th day after CLP.The animals were sacrificed after the test,and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of the expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c),CypD,caspase-3,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA),and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB).Results Compared with group Sham,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the space exploration time was shortened,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was up-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was down-regulated in S and CsA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the space exploration time was prolonged,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was down-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was up-regulated in group CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hippocampal CypD may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy,and the downstream mechanism is probably related to promotion of activation of PKA/CREB signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of adiponectin on the mitochondrial damage in septic rats with lung injury .Methods Sixty male Wistar rats ,aged 7-8 weeks ,weighing 180-220 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table :sham operation group (S group) ,sepsis group (SEP group) and adiponectin group (APN group) .The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2% pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg .Sepsis was produced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) .In APN groups ,gene recombinant adiponectin 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 12 h after CLP .At 24 h after the operation ,10 rats from each group were chosen and sacrificed ,and lungs were removed for detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1 ) contents . The mitochondria of lung samples were isolated for measurement of the malondialdehyde (MDA ) content and degree of mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial activity . The survival rates within 7 days after operation were recorded in the left 10 rats in each group .Results Compared with S group , IL-6 and HMGB1 contents in lung tissues and MDA content in the mitochondria were significantly increased ,the degree of mitochondrial swelling was increased , and the mitochondrial activity and survival rates within 7 days after operation were decreased in SEP group ( P<0.05 ) . Compared with SEP group , IL-6 and HMGB1 contents in lung tissues and MDA content in the mitochondria were significantly decreased ,the degree of mitochondrial swelling was reduced ,and the mitochondrial activity and survival rates within 7 days after operation were increased in APN groups ( P< 0.05 ) .Conclusion Adiponectin can attenuate lung injury and raise the survival rates in septic rats ,and reduction of mitochondrial damage in lung tissues is involved in the mechanism .

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tumor.It has attracted much attention in recent years and become a targeted therapy of precision medical era′s most successful examples. Surgical operation has always been one of the main ways to treat gastric GIST. The surgical methods are multiplex, the skills are complex and the application of laparoscopy is controversial. In combination with recent studies, a brief review is made on the surgical indications, surgical principles and surgical methods of gastric GIST.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of injecting drugs through fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and epidural catheter in improving topical anesthesia for awake tracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical surgery.Methods Fifty patients with cervical spine injury that requiring surgical treatment,aged 18-64 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were divided into 2 groups (n=25 each) using a random number table method:FOB injection hole group (group Ⅰ) and FOB combined with epidural catheter group (group Ⅱ).In group Ⅰ,2％ lidocaine was sprayed through the FOB injection hole on the oropharynx posterior (2 ml),glottis above vocal cords (3 ml) and the site 5 cm below the glottis (2 ml).In group Ⅱ,2％ lidocaine was sprayed via the epidural catheter implanted through FOB injection hole on the oropharynx posterior (1 ml),the site above vocal cords (3 ml),the site immediately after crossing the glottis (1 ml),the site 5 cm below the glottis (1 ml),and 2％ lidocaine 1 ml was slowly injected into the site 5 cm below the glottis to protuberance via the epidural catheter.Awake nasotracheal intubation was then performed under FOB guidance at 5 min after administration in both groups.When patients presented with severe bucking during operation and did not tolerate severe bucking,the previous procedure was repeated for rescue.When severe bucking was not significantly improved after carrying out rescue measures,thyrocricoceniesis was performed and the patients were tracheally intubated.The development of hypertension,tachycardia and hyoxemia was recorded during anesthesia and intubation.The operation time,intubation time,success of intubation at first attempt,requirement for rescue measures and thyrocricocentesis were recorded.The development of bucking,body movement and laryngeal spasm were record during anesthesia and tracheal intubation.JOA score was used to evaluate the occurrence of accentuated spinal cord injury after intubation.Parents' satisfaction with intubation was recorded and scored on 2nd day after operation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of hypertension and tachycardia was significantly decreased,the operation time was prolonged,the requirement for rescue measures and incidence of thyrocricocentesis were decreased,the incidence of body movement and bucking was decreased,and the parents' satisfaction scores were increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in intubation time,success rate of intubation at first attempt or incidence of hyoxemia in group Ⅱ (P＞0.05).Accentuated spinal cord injury or laryngeal spasm was not found in either group.Conclusion Injecting drugs through FOB and epidural catheter can achieve better efficacy of topical anesthesia for awake tracheal intubation with reduced adverse reactions than injecting drugs through FOB injection hole in patients undergoing cervical surgery.