BACKGROUND:In closed fractures, the initial hematoma that is inclined to remove is seldom considered as the important reasons for bone healing. OBJECTIVE:To observe the mechanism and potential role of original fracture hematoma in fracture healing. METHODS:Ninety-six patients with closed fractures of the long bones undergoing open reduction and internal fixation were randomly divided into experimental group (n=48) and control group (n=48). In the experimental group, original fracture hematoma, 1.0-2.0 mL, was first taken out during the internal fixation and placed into a special sterile plastic bag; then, 3-4 pieces of hematomas were filed into the fracture site and sutured layer by layer. On the contrary, original fracture hematomas from the control group were discarded. Blood samples were extracted to detect the biochemical indicators at 1 month after internal fixation. X-ray examination was done at 1, 3, 6 months after internal fixation for observation of fracture healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray films showed that the healing rate at 3 months after operation was 95% in the experimental group and 78% in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Levels of bone glaprotein, I-type precolagen carboxy terminus peptide and serum bone alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01 orP < 0.05). These findings indicate that the original fracture hematoma can accelerate calus formation, promote bone induction, provide nutrition to the fracture site, and participate in revascularization. Therefore, the original fracture hematomas is one of the effectively therapeutic methods for union and nonunion of fractures.

In order to reveal the treatment mechanism of Chinese medicine with the effect of activating blood and resolving putridity, we selected acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), the main monomeric components of frankincense and arsenolite which are two most commonly used Chinese medicine with effect of activating blood and resolving putridity. We combined AKBA and ATO as a compound, and explored its regulatory role in productions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human skin fibroblasts (HSFbs) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in inflammatory state.

Objective To investigate the heterogeneity of immunomodulatory function of exosomes secreted from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSC).Methods Five different hUC-MSCs lines were isolated and cultured.Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant.The expression of specific surface markers CD9,CD63,CD81 and CD44 was detected by flow cytometry.The protein concentration of hUC-MSCs exosomes(hUC-MSCs-ex)was evaluated by the BCA assay.Concanavalin A and rhIL-2 stimulated umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UBMCs) from healthy donor were co-cultured at different concentrations of hUC-MSCs-ex from different cell lines for 72 h.The growth rate of UBMCs was detected by MTT assay.ELISA was used to test the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α of the supernatants.The UBMCs co-cultured with hUC-MSCs were co-cultured with K562 cells at the ratio of 5∶1.The cytotoxic activity was calculated by MTT assay.Results hUC-MSCs-ex expressed CD9,CD63,CD81and CD44.Different hUC-MSCs lines had different regulating activities on the proliferation,secretion and killing ability of UBMCs.Conclusion hUC-MSCs-ex has heterogeneity of immunomodulatory function on UBMCs.

Objective According to radiation therapy (6WV-X line) on experimental gerbils which were successfully infected by echinococcus granulosus,the outcomes of bone hydatid disease after radiation therapy were studied.Methods Totally 240 gerbil models that were infected bone hydatid disease,were randomly divided into three groups (each group was further divided into three-month and six-month groups,40 gerbils per group),one group as a control group,the 40 Gy/5 times and 50 Gy/5 times groups were given 6WV-X line radiation therapy.After 5 consecutive radiation therapies,stopped for two days and then repeated for five times.At the end of three and six months after radiotherapy,the rate of death and the ulceration or infection of the lesions was compared.Fifteen gerbils from each group were randomly selected to observe the deaths of scolex,protein and calcium concentration changes,the maximum diameter changes of the lesions,the changes of hydatid cyst wet weight and the rate of suppressing capsule,the bone destruction,and rebuilding situation of lesions under a microscope.Results At the end of three and six months after radiation therapy,with increasing dosage,the deaths decreased significantly (x2 =10.4,17.4,all P ＜ 0.05);the ulceration or infection of the lesions decreased significantly (x2 =6.0,10.1,all P ＜ 0.05);the mortality rate of scolex increased [3 month:(22.4 ± 3.1),(95.0 ± 5.2),(136.0 ± 5.4);6 month:(23.2 ± 2.2),(98.2 ± 4.6),(169.3 ± 7.0);F =2 252.5,3 220.3,all P ＜ 0.05];the concentration of protein and the calcium ion were changed significantly [3 month:(1.059 ± 0.056),(0.733 ± 0.051),(0.571 ± 0.043)g/L and (2.802 ± 0.157),(3.056 ± 0.060),(3.546 ± 0.135)mmol/L;6 month:(1.088 ± 0.043),(0.753 ± 0.034),(0.340 ± 0.032)g/L and (2.804 ± 0.019),(3.068 ± 0.052),(3.886 ± 0.046)mmol/L;F =366.0,138.9 and 1 550.5,2 727.3,all P ＜ 0.05];the maximum diameters of the lesions reduced significantly [3 month:(2.38 ± 0.14),(1.69 ± 0.05),(1.40 ± 0.09)cm;6 month:(2.65 ± 0.05),(1.69 ± 0.03),(1.03 ± 0.06)cm;F =372.5,3 846.1,all P ＜ 0.05];the hydatid cyst wet weight decreased significantly [3 month:(3.47 ± 0.11),(2.54 ± 0.12),(1.46 ± 0.07)g;6 month:(3.75 ± 0.31),(2.55 ± 0.08),(1.02 ± 0.20)g;F =1 475.6,608.0,all P ＜ 0.05].In the same group with time went on,in the control and 40 Gy/5 times group,the deaths gradually increased (x2 =4.3,4.6,all P ＜ 0.05),but in the 50 Gy/5 times group,the deaths was not significantly increased (x2 =1.1,P ＞ 0.05);in the control and 40 Gy/5 times group,the ulceration or infection of the lesions gradually increased (x2 =5.5,4.3,all P ＜ 0.05),but in the 50 Gy/5 times group,the ulceration or infection of the lesions did not change significantly (x2 =0.3,P ＞ 0.05);in the 50 Gy/5 times group,the mortality rate of scolex was significantly increased (F =212.6,P ＜ 0.05);in 50 Gy/5 times group,the protein (calcium) concentration decreased (increased) significantly (F =271.8,84.7,all P ＜ 0.05);the maximum diameters of the lesions increased gradually in the control group (F =47.1,P ＜ 0.05),in 50 Gy/5 times group,the maximum diameters of the lesions decreased gradually (F =188.3,P ＜ 0.05);in the control group,hydatid cyst wet weight increased significantly (F =10.7,P ＜ 0.05),in the 50 Gy/5 times group,hydatid cyst wet weight was significantly reduced (F =68.5,P ＜ 0.05);with increasing dosage,the damage of the bone matrix and the cells in lacunae of the lesions gradually increased,in the same group with time went on,in the control group,a few amount of bone cells in lacuna died,and in 40 Gy/5 times and 50 Gy/5 times groups,the bone matrix and bone cells were partially repaired.Conclusion The long-term effects of appropriate dosage (50 Gy/5 times) radiation on experiments hydatid diseased gerbils are affirmed,but it is still need a clinical validation.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which as a group can degrade essentially all extracellular matrix components. The proteolytic property of the MMPs is important during wound healing to remove debris and facilitate cell migration. Targeting towards the decreased MMPs activities is a new treatment strategy for healing chronic wounds. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a popular Chinese herb that could promote chronic ulcers healing for topical use. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the most abundant bioactive component in Salvia miltiorrhiza. The research was designed to explore the inhibitory effects of Sal B on MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions,pretreatment,temperature,time and excystation solutions on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.Cryptosporidium andersoni oocyst was used as a model and the results showed that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite could enhance the excystation rates.But there was no significant difference compared with oocysts untreated by sodium hypochlorite(P＞0.05).0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate and 1% bile solution could urge the excystation of oocysts,which were significantly different compared with the excystation rate of oocysts in 0.25% trypsin solution or in PBS(P<0.05).The excystation rates of oocysts in acidic water (pH =3) were similar with the rates in PBS (pH =7.2) but significantly different from the rates in alkaline water (pH =9) (P<0.01).Additionally,the excystation rate of oocysts in water of 24℃ was significantly lower than in water of 37℃(P<0.01),and the excystation rate of oocysts raised gradually at 37℃ with the passage of time.It's concluded that temperature,acidity and excystation solution were vital factors for the in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.A higher excystation rate could be observed when oocysts were pretreated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and treated with 0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate at 37℃ for 3 hours.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA, a main active component from frankincense, one of the traditional Chinese herb for healing wounds) on the activities of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.METHODS: Pure human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) or gelatinase A (MMP-2) was activated by p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), and was incubated with AKBA for 1 h. The activities of the enzymes were observed by quenched fluorescent substrate. The lysates of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs, rich in gelatinase B (MMP-9)] was incubated with AKBA for 1 h, and activity of MMP-9 was tested by gelatin zymography. Three cell models: activated human dermal fibroblasts by TNF-α, activated THP-1 cells by PMA and fibroblasts-THP-1 co-culture system were established. AKBA was cultured with these cell models for 24 h. The levels of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture supernatants were tested by ELISA and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were tested by gelatin zymography assays.RESULTS: AKBA dose-dependently inhibited the activities of human MMP-1 and MMP-2 at the range of 0.1-0.8 mmol/L, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.18 mmol /L and 0.27 mmol/L, respectively. In the range of 0.05-0.85 mmol/L, AKBA inhibited the MMP-9 activity (P<0.01). Although AKBA promoted fibroblasts to secrete MMP-2, the production of MMP-9 by THP-1 was inhibited. In the cell co-culture system, the inhibitory effects on MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 productions were also observed.CONCLUSION: AKBA, as a bioactive component of frankincense, has an inhibitory effect on MMPs production and activities, indicating the possible mechanism for healing chronic wounds by frankincense.

Objective To explore the effect of using smart products (including smart phones, computers and other electronic products),as well as having hobbies on their cognitive function in pension agency elderly people,and analyze if there is certain protective effect on cognitive function by using smart products and having hobbies.So as to reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment in the future. Methods By convenience sampling, 160 residents living in the nursing home of suzhou city (mean age 60 or higher) were selected, and demographic data were collected by using a homemade questionnaire, their cognitive function was investigated by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Results Single factor analysis showed that the score of the elderly who often use smart products in every cognitive field and overall cognitive function were superior to those who could not use smart products,the difference was statistically significant(t=-4.47--2.15,all P<0.05).The scores of the elderly with hobbies were higher in the overall cognitive function and the other six areas except the orientation, than those who had no hobby,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-6.80--1.81,all P<0.05).After adjusting for age,gender,body mass index(BMI),cultural level,often using smart products in total cognitive function in the elderly(t=4.842,P<0.01)and executive function(t=4.008,P<0.01),attention(t=3.045,P=0.003), abstract(t=2.135,P=0.034),delayed recall(t=3.759,P<0.01),the directional(t=2.866,P=0.005)of the five areas showed significant correlation. The total cognitive function of the elderly with hobbies (t=3.496, P = 0.001) and the visual spatial execution function (t=3.316, P = 0.001), naming (t=3.241, P =0.001), abstract (t=2.643, P = 0.009), and delayed recall (t=2.073, P= 0.04) were all significantly correlated.Conclusions Often using smart products and having certain hobbies are protective factors of cognitive function,build corresponding intervention plans for the future,by cultivating the elderly hobby, guiding the elderly using intelligent products and other measures to achieve successful aging, slow the cognitive decline,thus reducing the risk of mild cognitive impairment.

Objective:To investigate the function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1)-mediated epigenetic regulation of Th2 cell differentiation and development in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:This study involved 11 women with normal singleton pregnancy (control group) and 15 pregnant women with SLE who delivered in the Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from July 1, 2014 to July 1, 2019. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected and analyzed by qPCR to detect the expression of NEAT1 at mRNA level. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 at protein level. Na?ve CD4 + T cells were sorted out by flow cytometry. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to detect the binding of EZH2 to NEAT1. After knockdown of NEAT1 expression, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of itchy E3 ubiguitin protein ligase(ITCH) at mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to detect the abundance of EZH2 at ITCH promoter in pregnant patients with SLE. ELISA was used to detect IL-4 level after overexpression of NEAT1 and ITCH. Statistical data analysis was performed with t test. Results:The expression of NEAT1 at mRNA level in peripheral blood of pregnant women with SLE was significantly higher than that in controls. IFN-γ levels were significantly reduced, while IL-4 levels were significantly increased in pregnant women with SLE than in controls. RIP analysis revealed that there was a great enrichment of NEAT1 in the na?ve CD4 + T cells using anti-EZH2 compared to the control group. After knocking down the expression of NEAT1, the mRNA and protein levels of ITCH were significantly increased. ChIP assay demonstrated that EZH2 was recruited to the promoter of ITCH in pregnant women with SLE. ITCH significantly inhibited the production of IL-4 by na?ve CD4 + T cells, while overexpression of NEAT1 upregulated the expression of IL-4 at protein level. Conclusions:LncRNA NEAT1 was significantly up-regulated in pregnant women with SLE. It recruited EZH2 to the promoter of ITCH and promoted the differentiation of na?ve CD4 + T cells to Th2 cells, resulting Th1/Th2 imbalance and affecting disease progression.

Objective To evaluate the change of energy metabolism during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.Methods Adult CD-1 male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg), and renal function and renal tissue pathology were tested;gene expression was analyzed and signaling pathways were en-riched in cisplatin-treated renal tubular epithelial cells using transcriptome; the contents of renal glycolysis and a-mino acid metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) .Re-sults Serum urea nitrogen and blood creatinine significantly increased in cisplatin-treated mice.Pathological his-tology observed swelling and shedding of renal tubular epithelial cells.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2632 genes were upregulated and 2799 genes were downregulated in cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells.GO and KEGG analy-sis showed that differential genes were enriched in energy metabolism.The GSEA analysis results showed that cispl-atin caused an upregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and a downregulation of the glycolysis pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells, further KEGG analysis demonstrated that cisplatin caused changes in the expression of amino acid genes in renal cells.Metabolomics showed that the contents of glycolytic intermediates and several a-mino acids were altered in the kidney of cisplatin-treated mice.Conclusion Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury is accompanied by modification in renal tubular cell glycolysis and amino acid metabolism.