Objective To comparatively investigate the adhesive capabilities of sodium alginate and guar gum as bone adhesives.Methods The adhesive capabilities were analysed and discussed by measuring their kinetic viscosities,solidification time and the reaction with calcium ions.Results Guar gum had higher kinetic viscosity and could fit to the supply of both ion calcium and non-ion calcium for the bone cure,but its capability of solidification need to be improved.Sodium alginate had higher solubility and its solidification could be finished in short time,but it had lower viscosity and fit only to the non-ion calcium supply.Conclusion Sodium alginate and guar gum are considered to be the potential natural materials of the bone adhesives.

sodium carboxymethylcellulose.Their complexes also obtained the stongest adhesive strength in their saturated water solutions,but their adhesive strength was between their component colloid materials.The complexes integrate the characteristics of the three colloid materials and would provide valuable complex materials for the study of bone adhesives.

AIM AND METHODS: To explore the effects calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin-1(ET-1) on the mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH),the contents of CGRP and ET-1 in plasma of pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta and in extractives of lung and ventricular tissues of the chronic hypoxic rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. The changes of their hemodynamic indices and right heart hypertrophy index were monitored simultaneously. RESULTS: The level of pulmonary artery plasma CGRP was significantly higher than that of thoracic aorta plasma,but just the reverse was ET-1 or the ratio of ET-1 and CGRP in control rats( P

Objective To study the roles of micheliolide on ovarian cancer cells. Methods Firstly, human ovarian cancer cell lines HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP were treated with different concentration of micheliolide (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 μmol/L) for 72 hours, then methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used wo detect the growth of the human ovarian cancer cell lines and the stongest inhibited cell line were selected for the following test. Secondly, after HeyA8 cell line was treated with different concentration (5, 10, 20μmol/L) of micheliolide for 24 hours, the HeyA8 cell apoptosis was measured byflow cytometry. Thirdly, the expression of RelA mRNA in HeyA8 cell was detected through real-time PCR, the expressions of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signal pathway related protein RelA and the activited cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase-9) were detected by western blot analysis. Results (1) The growth of HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP cells were all significantly inhibited after being treated with different concentration of micheliolide for 72 hours and the roles of inhibition were all concentration dependant (P<0.05). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP were (9.8±2.2), (12.0±2.1) and (12.8±1.8)μmol/L, respectively. We chose HeyA8 cell to do the following expreriments because of its best inhibited effect. (2) After HeyA8 cell was treated with micheliolide of different concentrations, as the concentration increased (20 and 0μmol/L, for example), the apoptosis rate of HeyA8 cell raised from (7.2±1.0)%to (17.4±1.1)%, the percentage of survived cells reduce from (92.8 ± 1.3)% to (82.6 ± 1.4)%,and the relative mRNA level of RelA decreased from 1.00 ± 0.13 to 0.18 ± 0.00 (P<0.01); furthermore, the expression of RelA protein was weaken and the activited caspase-9 protein expression was increased gradually. Conclusions Micheliolide plays a significantly inhibited role in HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP cells. The inhibited role of micheliolide inovarian cancer cells might through inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) signaling pathway, and inducing the expression of activited caspase-9 protein to promoting apoptosis of HeyA8 cell.

The transcription factor c-Myc regulates the proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and other key processes of normal cells extensively.The unleashed MYC oncogene frequently produces abundant c-Myc protein, which directly regulates the gene expression of key metabolic enzymes, or tumor-related metabolic pathways by inhibiting microRNA, leading to abnormal metabolism characterized by heightened nutrients uptake, enhanced glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and elevated fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis.This paper briefly summarizes how c-Myc regulated metabolism on glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis in cancer cell,which provides some theoretical reference for the development of antitumor targets and drugs involving c-Myc.

Objective To observe the clinical safety and efficacy of foscarnet prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods Ninety-six patients undergoing allo-HSCT from October 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma CMV-DNA was monitored with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) from beginning to 180 days after transplantation. Foscarnet was used not only for prophylaxis but also for first-line pre-emptive therapy when plasma CMV-DNA turned to positive. Foscarnet was given 60 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 120 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively in prevention and pre-emptive therapy. Incidences of CMV infection and CMV disease were observed, influencing factors on CMV in faction and the efficacy and safety of foscarnet prophylaxis were analyzed, and survival of patients treated by all-HSCT was evaluated. Results Of the total 96 patients, 42 cases (43.8%) had CMV infection with the median time of 42 days after allo-HSCT. CMV-DNA became negative in 36 patients (85.7%, 36/42) after pre-emptive therapy. Six patients (14.3 %, 6/42) developed CMV disease, including 5 patients with CMV negative and 1 patient died for CMV pneumonia. Haploidentical donor and grade Ⅱ-Ⅳacute graft versus host disease (GVHD) were the risk factors for CMV reactivation (χ2 = 3.834, P< 0.05; χ2 = 16.807, P< 0.001). The side effects of foscarnet prophylaxis were mild without hematologic toxicities. 12 patients (28.6 %) died in 42 patients with CMV infection, and 6 patients (11.1 %) died in 54 patients without CMV infection. The difference of survival rates between both groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Foscarnet is an effective agent for prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy in CMV infection after allo-HSCT with mild adverse reactions, especially for patients following with hematopoietic recovering.

Objective To explore the effect of low intensity ultrasound (LUS) and microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation (MEUS), alone or in combination, on ethanol ablation (EA) of rabbit liver and observe the changes of liver perfusion and liver function. Methods Sixty-two healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomized to five groups: LUS group (n=6), EA group (n=14), LUS + EA group (n=14), MEUS + EA group (n=14), MEUS + LUS + EA group (n=14). For LUS, pulsed low intensity focused ultrasound emission was adopted (focal distance, 15 cm; duty cycle, 0.036%-0.22%;therapy duration, 5-6 min). According to the experiment design, surgically exposed left lobe of the liver was treated. In the LUS, MEUS + EA, and MEUS + LUS + EA groups, quantitative parameters were calculated and compared between the experimental and control liver lobes after different treatments. Three rabbits in each of the EA, LUS + EA, MEUS + EA, and MEUS + LUS + EA groups were used to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in arterial blood at five different time points (before treatment, 1 h, 48 h, 5 d, and 7 d after treatment). The livers of the remaining rabbits were harvested for measurement of ethanol ablation volume by drainage method or examination of the histological changes by HE staining 48 h after treatment. Results In the LUS group, the peak intensity (PI) and the area under the curve (AUC) were higher in the experiment lobe than in the control lobe, but there was no significant difference. In the MEUS + EA and MEUS+LUS+EA groups, the PI and AUC values were significantly lower in the experiment lobe than in the control lobe(PI:51.65±16.90 vs 101.09±14.41,44.08±8.46 vs 113.40±9.35;AUC:2183.06±501.13 vs 4258.54±841.21,1900.39±352.59 vs 4385.55±1198.16;t=9.059,16.835,9.630,7.932,P<0.001 for all). In the LUS group, no necrosis was observed, and the necrosis volume was 0 ml. The necrosis volumes caused by ethanol ablation in the EA, LUS+EA, MEUS+EA, and MEUS+LUS+EA groups were (0.84±0.27) ml, (2.42±1.11) ml, (3.52±1.34) ml, and (4.01±1.45) ml. The ethanol ablation volume was significantly lower in the EA group than in the other three groups (u=-13.800, -20.400, -23.400, P<0.05 for all),although there were no significant difference between any two of the latter three groups. No pathological changes were observed in the ultrasound exposed liver of the LUS group. In contrast, a wide range of coagulation necrosis area was noted in the other four groups. Compared with pre-treatment values, ALT and AST levels in all groups showed a slight rise after treatment, peaked at 48 h, and gradually returned to the pretreatment levels after seven days. The tendency of changes in ALT and AST levels with time was similar among the four groups (F=0.256, P=0.855; F=0.517, P=0.686). Conclusion LUS and MEUS, alone or in combination, could significantly increase the ethanol ablated volume of rabbit liver without aggravating liver function.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between clinical phenotypes and pathogenic variants in two patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: Both patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) with a focus on the analysis of genes associated with dyslipidemia. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of the patients and their family members. RESULTS: WES revealed that the proband 1 has harbored two heterozygous variants of the LDLR gene, namely c.1360G>A (p.D454N) and c.292G>A (p.G98S), whilst proband 2 has harbored a heterozygous c.321T>G (p.C107W) variant of the LDLR gene. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetic and Genomics (ACMG), the above variants were respectively predicted to be likely pathogenic (PM1+PM2+PP2+PP3+PP4+PP5), variant of unknown significance (PM1+PP2+PP3), and likely pathogenic (PM1+PM2+PP2+PP4+PP5). Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitor has attained a significant effect in proband 1 but no apparent effect in proband 2. CONCLUSION Variants of the LDLR gene probably underlay the familial hypercholesterolemia in the two pedigrees. The difference in the severity of the clinical phenotypes and response to PCSK9 inhibitor treatment between the two probands may be attributed to the different genotypes of the LDLR gene. Genetic testing not only can provide a basis for clinical diagnosis, but also facilitate the choice of lipid-lowering drugs.
Humans ; China ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Receptors, LDL/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on tourniquet-induced hypertension (TIH) in the patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Methods:Seventy-four patients of either sex, aged 18-60 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification I or II, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, undergoing elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anesthesia combined with preoperative femoral nerve block, were divided into 2 groups ( n=37 each) using a random number table method: sham stimulation group (group SS) and group taVNS. Group SS received stimulation on the ear lobe and the tail of the helix of the left ear. Group taVNS received stimulation on the cymba concha and the earlobe of the left ear. Both groups received stimulation from 1 h before induction of anesthesia until the end of the procedure (frequency of 30 Hz, pulse width of 300 μs, and amplitude of the strongest current that could be tolerated by the patient in the absence of pain). The tourniquet inflation pressure was 280 mmHg, with an inflation time of 60-90 min. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before tourniquet inflation to assess the development of intraoperative TIH. The consumption of intraoperative propofol, remifentanil, nitroglycerin, esmolol, norepinephrine and atropine was recorded, and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, skin itching and headache and dizziness was also recorded. Results:Compared with group SS, the incidence of TIH and the number of patients used nitroglycerin were significantly reduced ( P<0.05), and no significant changes were found in the other parameters in group taVNS ( P>0.05). Conclusions:taVNS can decrease the occurrence of TIH in the patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective:To develop a prototype artificial intelligence immunofluorescence image recognition system for classification of antinuclear antibodies in order to meet the growing clinical requirements for an automatic readout and classification of immunof luorescence patterns for antinuclear antibody (ANA) images.Methods:Immunofluorescence images with positive results of ANA in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to December 2021 were collected. Three senior technicians independently and in parallel interpreted the Immunofluorescence images to determine the ANA results. Then the images were labeled according to the ANA International Consensus on Fluorescence Patterns (ICAP) classification criteria. There were 7 labeled groups: Fine speckled, Coarse speckled, Homogeneous, nucleolar, Centromere, Nuclear dots and Nuclear envelope. Each group was randomly divided into training dataset and validation dataset at a ratio of 9∶1 by using random number table. On the deep learning framework PyTORCH 1.7, the convolutional neural network (CNN) training platform was constructed based on ResNet-34 image classification network, and the automatic ANA recognition system was established. After the model was established, the test set was set up separately, the judgment results of the model were output by ranking the prediction probability, with the results of the 2 senior technicians was taken as "golden standard". Parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score were used as indicators to evaluate the performance of the model.Results:A total of 23138 immunofluorescence images were obtained after segmentation and annotation. A total of 7 models were trained, and the effects of different algorithms, image processing and enhancement methods on the model were compared. The ResNet-34 model with the highest accuracy andswas selected as the final model, with the classification accuracy of 93.31%, precision rate of 91%, and recall rate of 90% and F1-score of 91% in the test set. The overall coincidence rate between the model and manual interpretation was 90.05%, and the accuracy of recognition of nucleolus was the highest, with the coincidence rate reaching 100% in the test set.Conclusion:The current AI system developed based on deep learning of the ANA immunofluorescence images in the present study showed the ability to recognize ANA pattern, especially in the common, typical, simple pattern.