Background and purpose:Reasonable proportion with blood less than half of the surgical system, cancer patients during surgery prone to acute massive blood loss, this study aimed to investigate blood transfusion in the patients who diagnosed with cancer during operation in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and in order to improve the intraoperative blood transfusion and make it more scientiifc and more reasonable.Methods:The patients who were taken selective operations and heterogenous blood transfusions in the Afifliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Oct. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were enrolled, and the clinical data were retrospectively surveyed and investigated.The intraoperative use of blood components and reasonableness in each department were analyzed.Results:The medical records of 299 blood transfusion receipts proportions of reasonable transfusion of RBC from department of gastrointestinal surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, hepatobiliary surgery, neurosurgery, urological surgery and thoracic surgery were 88.9%, 91.8%, 94.3%, 96.3%, 91.6%, 100%, 81.3%,respectively. And the proportions of reasonable transfusion of plasma were 86.2%, 71.8%, 96.4%, 78.4%, 100%, 100%, 87.5%, respectively. The proportions of low-volume blood transfusion and the combined transfusion of RBC and plasma were 62.5% and 43.2% in unreasonable blood transfusion.Conclusion:Except for the unreasonableness in very few departments, the intraoperative blood component transfusion is carried on fairly well. The medical staff still should be further trained in the appropriate use of blood and strengthened the knowledge on blood transfusion.

Objective To explore the regularity of incidence of agonal respiration (AR) and agonal respiration frequency rate (ARFR) during untreated cardiac arrest (CA) after ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a swine model.Methods Ten healthy male domestic pigs weighing (25.0± 3.0) kg were employed in this experiment.VF was induced by intraventricular shock with alternating current without treatment for 8 minutes.The incidence of AR and ARFR per minute were recorded for 8 minutes.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 system software.Results AR occurred in all animals after VF induced CA within 8 minutes.There was 1 animal showed AR at the first minute with ARFR (0.2±0.1) times/min,4 animals showed AR at the second minute with ARFR (1.2 ± 1.0) times/min,7 animals showed AR at the third minute with ARFR (2.7 ± 1.4) times/min,all animals showed AR at the fourth to fifth minute with ARFR (3.7 ± 1.6) times/min and (3.2 ± 1.9) times/min,7 animals showed AR at the sixth minute with ARFR (1.3 ± 1.0) times/min,no animal showed AR at the seventh minute,and 1 animal showed AR at the eighth minute with ARFR (0.2±0.1) times/min.The first and the last AR were observed at (2.02±0.84) minutes and (5.21 ± 1.12) minutes respectively.Occurrence of AR reached its peak at the fourth to fifth minute,and it was absent at the seventh minute.ARFR after CA showed a crescendo-decrescendo pattern,which increased from (0.2±0.1) times/min to (3.7±1.6) times/min followed by a fall to (0.2±0.1) times/min.Conclusions AR is one of the symbolic signs after CA.AR occurred in all animals during untreated VF,and it reaches its peak at the fomrth to fifth minute,with a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of ARFR.Effective identification and treatment in victim with AR timely can help to improve the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival rate.

AIM:To explore the role of Bcl-2 and PCNA expression in the injury of rat myoblasts induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).METHODS:Rat myoblasts at growth phase were divided into 4 groups based on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and H2O2 levels:normal control group, bFGF group, model group (H2O2 group) and treatment group (bFGF+H2O2 group).The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was observed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence methods.The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and PCNA were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with model group, both immunofuorescence and fluorescence in treatment group showed enhanced Bcl-2 and low expression of Bax.Furthermore, the results of Western blot showed up-regulated PCNA and Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax expression in treatment group.CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress results in the pathologic changes of myoblasts, and the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and PCNA may attenuate myoblast injury.

Objective To evaluate the endoscopic features and treatment of gastrointestinal carciholds. Methods Data of 44 patients diagnosed as gastrointestinal carcinoid from 2002 to 2009, including clinical manifestation, endoscopic findings, treatment and follow-up, were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most common presentations were abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits, while some patients (n = 7 ) did not have any symptoms. Most lesions were elevated submucosal ones with normal mucosal pit pattern of type Ⅰ . Larger lesions appeared as polyps with mucosal pit pattern of type Ⅲ and 1 malignant carcinoid as type Ⅴ. Endoscopic ultrasonography were performed in 29 patients and all lesions were presented as submucosal hypoechoic masses with distinct borders. Endoscopic fulguration with high frequency current was applied in 12 patients and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in 32. One patient with malignant carcinoid accepted multiple EMRs and died from lung and liver metastasis 6 months after last procedure. No recurrence was observed in other 43 patients during the follow-up visit of 3 months to 5 years. Conclusion Gastrointestinal carcinoid is lack of specific symptoms, and the diagnosis is made by endoscopic and pathologic findings.

Objective To study the characteristics of heterotopic pancreas (HP) in upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) under endoscopy and endoscopic sonography ( EUS), and its endoscopic managements. Methods Data of 67 patients with pathologically confirmed HP in our hospital from March 2004 to November 2009, including clinical and endoscopic manifestations and sequelae after endoscopic resection,were retrospectively studied. Results Heterotopic pancreas were most commonly found as a single lesion in gastric antrum (62/67, 92. 5% ) and in gastric angle and duodenum as well, which were characterized by protrusion, with intact mucous membrane and centrally umbilicated. Of the 67 patients, 59 underwent EUS before endoscopic resection. Findings were heterogeneous and mixed echogenic lesions with indistinct borders involving both the second and third layers of the gastrointestinal wall, sometimes even involving the first and fourth layers. Most lesions (n =60) were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), with basal residues in 25 cases, in which fourth layer involvement was observed in 23 cases (92. 0% ). Delayed bleeding occurred in 1 case at 3rd day after the procedure, and no other complications were observed. Complete removal was achieved in 8 cases ( including one receiving EMR previously ) with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) , and there was no such severe complications as perforation. Postoperative pathological examinations revealed that the consistent rate of preoperative diagnosis with EUS was 91.5% (54/59). Conclusion Endoscopy combined with EUS is critical in diagnosis of HP in UGIT. EMR, especially with cap assistance, is the best method for those without involvement of muscularis propria, while ESD or endoscopic surveillance is a better alternative for those with 4th layer involvement.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect of music in relieving pain during orthodontic treatment.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-five cases who wore arches the first time were selected and treated. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: Music group and blank group. The music intervention was used in reducing orthodontic treatment pain, while blank group experienced no intervention measures. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were adopted to record patients' perception of pain, and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) to evaluate personality traits of all samples.

RESULTSIn 165 patients, 85.45% were effective. The music group showed significantly less pain than the blank group (P < 0.05). In music and blank group, the pain was stronger in the patients with a tendency of introversion than those with a tendency of extroversion, as well as the irritability ones than steady-minded (P < 0.05). In music group, the pain was stronger in the females than the males (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMusic helps to relieve pain during orthodontics treatment. The effect of music to relieve the pain during orthodontics treatment for the males are better than that for the females, extroverted personality ones are superior to introversive personality ones, and the steady-minded patients are better than irritability ones.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) in post-chemotherapy infection of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma.Methods:A total of 94 NHL patients admitted to Wuhan No.1 Hospital for chemotherapy from July 2019 to October 2020 were collected, and divided into infection group ( n=40) and non-infection group ( n=54). Fifty healthy subjects at the same period were selected as the control group to analyze the expression levels of Flt3L, Gas6 and general inflammatory indicators among the three groups. The relationship between Flt3L, Gas6 and general inflammatory indicators were analyzed. The predictive value of Flt3L and Gas6 for post-chemotherapy infection in NHL patients was analyzed by ROC curve. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the infection status of NHL chemotherapy patients with serum Flt3L and Gas6 levels. Results:The levels of serum Flt3L [807.80(215.10-1 232.00) pg/ml] and Gas6 [20.04(13.14-27.52) ng/ml] in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05);The levels of serum Flt3L[887.3(321.60-1 367.00) pg/ml] and Gas6[25.24(17.61-42.86) ng/ml] in the severely infection group were higher than those in the mildly infection group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). serum Flt3L was negatively correlated with WBC and positively correlated with IL-6;serum Gas6 was negatively correlated with WBC.ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC and 95% CI of Flt3L and Gas6 were 0.814 (0.718-0.909) and 0.644 (0.523-0.765), respectively. The combined application of serum Flt3L with hsCRP, PCT and IL-6 significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency, and the area under the curve was 0.956, 0.923 and 0.865, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that when serum Flt3L≥649.80 pg/ml and serum Gas6≥21.50 ng/ml in NHL chemotherapy patients, the infection rate was significantly increased ( P all<0.05). Conclusion:Serum Flt3L and Gas6 levels in post chemotherapy-infection of NHL patients were significantly increased and correlated with the severity of infection. Early detection of serum Flt3L levels is helpful to predict the diagnosis of infection in NHL patients after chemotherapy.

The fatality rate of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is extremely high, and it is very different from that of non-traumatic cardiac arrest (NTCA) in resuscitation strategy. Only when the standard resuscitation process is combined with rapid treatment of various reversible causes can the mortality rate of patients be decreased. In this paper, the key factors leading to TCA are reviewed, such as hypovolemic shock, asphyxia, tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, crush syndrome, craniocerebral injury, cerebral hernia, and the control measures are elaborated respectively, so as to provide references for clinical treatment of patients with severe trauma, and reduce TCA incidence and mortality.