p21 WAF1/CIP1 gene is known for a most important cell cycle regulator as well as its roles in apoptosis and differentiation. This review focuses on p21 WAF1/CIP1 gene functions and its association with carcinogenesis. Better understanding of the structure and function of p21 WAF1/CIP1 gene may help to comprehend molecular mechanisms of cancers and to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of malignancy.

BACKGROUND:The ankle joint is capable of flexion and extension, including plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, to act as a support and a lever. An ankle injury, often accompanied by fracture and ligament injury, seriously threatens the ankle joint function. Previous diagnosis of ankle injury mainly relied on clinical signs and X-ray examination. However, X-ray examination is not accurate enough for ankle injury diagnosis because it cannot clearly diagnose damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons and other soft tissues except for obvious fractures. Mutlisequence and multiplanar MRI is currently the optimal noninvasive method for high-resolution determination of soft tissue deformations, but little has been reported on the diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament and tendon injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the diagnostic value of MRI for ligament and tendon injury of the ankle in its normal position, and during complete plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. METHODS:It is a single-center, prospective, diagnostic trial that wil be completed at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China. Sixty cases were recruited, including 30 cases of normal ankle joint and 30 cases of ankle ligament and tendon injury. MRI scans of the ankle joint in normal position, complete plantar flexion and complete dorsiflexion were performed in al the cases, and the multi-position MRI results were compared. The primary outcome measure is the sensitivity of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during complete plantar flexion. The secondary outcomes include the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of MRI to ligament and tendon injury of the ankle during the complete plantar position as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;specificity and sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio in normal position or during the complete dorsiflexion as wel as rate of correct diagnosis;the morphology of the ankle on the multi-position MRI. This study design was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (03049423) on February 8, 2017. This study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital of China (approval No. 2015076) and wil be performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding trial procedure and treatment was obtained from each volunteer. DISCUSSION:This study aims to determine the rate of correct diagnosis of ankle ligament and tendon injury using the MRI, to clarify the diagnostic value of MRI for ankle ligament and tendon injury, and to provide a quantitative MRI diagnostic standard for developing a reasonable surgical treatment.

Animals ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Plants ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, and 5-year survival rate is very poor. Screening and early detection are vital to improve survival and decrease mortality of lung cancer. In recent 20 years, low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) screening has become a research focus in this area. Randomized controlled trials have conifrmed that LDCT can decrease lung cancer mortality. However, there are still some problems of LDCT. In this paper, we summarized the controversy that whether low-dose helical CT screening can reduce lung cancer mortality or not before its effectiveness was been conifrmed, the results and problems in the randomized controlled trials and gave a prospect of low-dose helical CT screening’s future application.

Background and objective It has been proven that increase of the awareness level of lung cancer preven-tion and control could enhance participation of lung cancer screening of lung cancer high risk group. hTe aim of this study is to investigate the awareness level of lung cancer prevention and control and the effect of individual characteristics on lung cancer awareness, and to provide evidence for comprehensive lung cancer prevention in high risk areas of lung cancer. Methods Staffs of Tianjin Dagang Oil Field who participate low dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening by cluster sampling or according to voluntary principle were surveyed, data of lung cancer awareness were collected by questionnaire. Results A total of 1,633 valid questionnaires were collected. hTe average age of respondents was 60.08±6.58. Most participants were males (82.2%) while female only accounted for 17.8%. hTe proportions of awareness about lung cancer in China, risk factors, screening methods and the knowledge of health examination were 64.5%, 77.1%, 43.7%, 49.6%respectively. Result of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that education level, smoking (pack-year), age, prior tuberculosis were the inlfuencing factors of lung cancer awareness with adjusted Ors for education and age level as of 0.567 (95%CI:0.439-0.733) and 1.373 (95%CI:1.084-1.739) respectively. 80.3%of the participants can accept health examination once a year, while the ability to pay the medical expenses was not high. hTe inlfuencing factors of health examination willingness were gender, age, income, the knowledge of lung cancer. Conclusion Education level and smoking affect the awareness of lung cancer prevention and control, health education for lung cancer should be conducted especially in population with low education level. Comprehensive lung cancer control in high risk areas should combined lung cancer screening, tobacco control and health education.