Titanium is abundant, soft and widespread, moreover it costs lowly and contributes towards an excellent biocompatibility and causticity resistance. For the metal materials used for repairing human hard tissues, titanium is the most approach to the human hard tissues regarding elastic modulus. This result may relieve the mechanical inadaptability between metal implants and bone tissues. Compared to other alloys, titanium inlay or crown plays a role on the protection of dental pulp and the prevention of cold or hot stimulus. Titanium and titanium alloy are satisfactory with regrad to the physical, chemical and mechanical properties, especially the biocompatibility and elaboration. Those good characteristics lead to a wide application prospect of titaniun in the field of dental restoration. Titanium and titanium alloy have become a hot topic of the alloy study for the stomatology.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate advantages and disadvantages of preexisting metal post,casting metal post,ceramic post,and fiber post for clinical application,and to evaluate mechanical function,esthetical performance,and biocompatibility of fiber post.METHODS:Articles were retrieved with the key words of "fiber post,post-core restoration,dental materials,cement material,binder" in both English and Chinese between January 1990 and October 2008.Inclusion criteria:Articles addressing clinical application of fiber post for repairing residual root and crown were included.Exclusion criteria:Duplicated studies or Meta analysis was excluded.A total of 24 articles were included to investigate mechanical function,biocompatibility,and stickiness and retention of fiber post.RESULTS:Traditionally,metal post was easily folded and corrosive; in addition,esthetical performance and biocompatibility were still dissolved.Intension,hardness,esthetical performance,corrosion proof,fatigue resistance,and biocompatibility of fiber post were superior to those of traditional metal post.Furthermore,fiber post was able to highly adhere to root canal dentin via resin splicing agent,which could prolong useful life of dental prosthetic restoration,reduce root folded onset,and benefit for dental storage and repairing.Light mass of fiber post was another advantage compared with metal post.If the repair was failure,fiber post was easily taken out and reused.The combination of fiber post and resin nucleus was beneficial for dental prosthetic restoration which was highly closed to original structure of natural teeth.CONCLUSION:Fiber post was characterized by suitable elastic modulus,great esthetical repairing effect,reliable stickiness,easy identification and removal,high achievement ratio of repairing,and convenient operation; therefore,fiber post was a new and ideal material for clinical application.

Objective To evaluate right ventricular function of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR),and to evaluate the value of clinical application of those right heart function indexes.Methods 32 patients with CTEPH who underwent CMR and echocardiography were involved in the study.Right ventricular index of myocardial performance (RIMP),fractional area change (FAC),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S') were measured by echocardiography.Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and end-systolic volume (RVESV) were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated.Results A positive correlation was found between FAC and RVEF (r =0.423,P =0.022),there was a negative correlation between RIMP and RVEF (r =-0.387,P =0.048),there was no correlation between TAPSE and RVEF (r =0.451,P =0.22),a positive correlation was found between S' and RVEF (r =0.689,P =0.000).Conclusions The echocardiographic parameters FAC,RIMP and S' can reflect right ventricular function in patients with CTEPH and can be used as a routine clinical parameters.

Objective To evaluate right ventricular systolic function in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE),and compared with cardiac magnetic resonance.Methods A total of 23 patients with PH who underwent MRI and echocardiography in the study.Right ventricular index of myocardial performance (RIMP),fractional area change (RVFAC),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S') were measured by echocardiography.RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and endsystolic volume (RVESV) were measured by RT-3DE and cardiac magnetic resonance and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated.Results A positive correlation was found between RVFAC and RVEF (r =0.595,P =0.003),there was a negative correlation between RIMP and RVEF (r =-0.745,P =0.000),has no correlation between TAPSE and RVEF (r =-0.029,P =0.896),a positive correlation was found between S' and RVEF (r =0.489,P =0.018).There were close correlation between RVEDV,RVESV and RVEF measured by RT-3DE and MRI (P ＜0.001,respectively);Bland-Altman analyses showed good agreement between them.Conclusions RT-3DE can noninvasive,accurate assessment right ventricular systolic function in patients with PH,and provide prognosis and treatment choice for clinical demands.

A case with the diagnosis of the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic granulo-matous disease (CGD) in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in June 2016 was chosen, and the patient′s clinical data and whole treatment process were analyzed.According to the relevant literature from Chinese and foreign databases, the clinical characteristics were analyzed and summarized, principles of diagnosis and treatment for children who had the onset of IBD with CGD.This patient was a child of 1 year and 9 months old, and the initial symptoms included repeated diarrhea and bloody stools.He was diagnosed as " ulcerative colitis" in the local hospital.After admission, the neutrophil respiratory burst test was positive.The genetic analysis result suggested that the CYBB gene was mutated, thus obtaining the diagnosis of CGD.Then, he was given prophylactic antibiotic therapy and symptomatic treatment.After the 3 months of follow-up after discharge, the patient still had intermittent diarrhea and bloody stools.CGD is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease, and current treatment methods of CGD include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and anti-infection treatment.When IBD patients have complications other than gastrointestinal symptoms, the IBD treatment is not effective, or there are suspected parents who are married to close relatives, or with the family history of IBD, CGD should be considered.

Objective To observe the effect of horizontal multi-joint arm continuous passive motion (CPM) training on muscle tension and strength of biceps brachii of patients with stroke. Methods 60 patients with stroke were divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). All the patients accepted routine medication and rehabilitation. The treatment group accepted horizontal multi-joint arm CPM training in addition. Their surface electromyography of biceps brachii was analyzed with surface electromyography analysis system: tension and strength before and after treatment. Results The tension and strength of biceps brachii improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The horizontal multi-joint arm CPM training may relieve the muscle tension and enhance the strength of biceps brachii after stroke

Objective To investigate the effects of EMP exposure to male BABL/c mice on the reproduction and its sex ratio.Methods Thirty-three male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham-exposed group,10 000 pulses/d exposed group,and 100 000 pulses/d exposed group with 50 Hz static magnetic field of 35 kV/m for 2 weeks consecutively,then the male mice were mated with unexposed females (1 male vs.2 female).Mated males were sacrificed to examine the exposure effects on sperm number and testis index after 7 days of mating.The sex ratio of embryos collected from unexposed mated females was investigated by PCR.Results The sex ratio of offspring was 0.298 (14/47) in the 10 000 pulses/d exposed group,significantly lower than 0.871 (27/31) in the sham-exposed group.No statistical changes were observed in the sex ratio of offspring,sperm number,the weights of testis and testis index after 100 000 pulses/d exposure.Conclusions The exposure of male mice to 35 kV/m EMP at 10 000 pulses/d for 2 weeks consecutively may change the sex ratio of mice's offspring.

Objective To observe the dynamic expression of Nogo receptor (NgR) in spinal cord of rats after spinal cord injury. Methods 108 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into normal group, sham operated group and model group, with 36 rats in each group. The model of spinal cord injury was established with the modified Allen's method. The rats were killed 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days respectively after intervention (9 rats from each group), and expression of NgR in the spinal cord tissue of the rats was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and expression of NgR mRNA was detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results There was no significant change in the expression of NgR in the normal group and the sham operated group (P>0.05). The expression of protein and mRNA of NgR was less in the model group 24 h after modeling, dropped to the lowest on the 3rd day, then rapidly peaked on the 7th day, and gradually declined on the 14th day after spinal cord injury. Compared with the normal group, there were significant differences in expression of NgR in immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the model group at each time point after spinal cord injury (P<0.05). Compared with the sham operated group, there were significant differences in expression of NgR mRNA in the model group at each time point after spinal cord injury (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of NgR and mRNA peaks on the 7th day after spinal cord injury in the rats, and maintains at high level for a long time, which may associated with the difficulty of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that the prevalence and extent of carotid artery stenosis increased with thedevelopment of coronary artery disease. There was a higher incidence of intracranial small-vessel disease, but lower of carotid artery disease in the Chinese stroke patients as compared with the white.OBJ ECTIVE: To observe the distribution of carotid and intracranial artery stenosis in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease.DESIGN: An observational study.SETTING: Department of Neurology; Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From August 2003 to August 2004, The coronary angiography was performed in the outpatients and inpatients suspected to be coronary arteriosclerotic cardiopathy in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and 126 patients of them with 3-vessel diseases were examined with carotid arteriography, including 56 males and 70 females, 47-76 years of age. Informed contents were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: Digital substraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately after coronary angiography in the 126patients. All catheterizations were performed through a transfemoral approach using the Seldinger technique, and thenan appropriate amount of nonionic Ominipaque was injected. The angiography of bilateral carotid arteries, subclavian artery, or vertebral artery was taken from different angles. The percentage of stenosis was calculated directly from DSAmachine. Evaluative standards: Based on the stenosis degree from carotid angiography results, the patients were divided into 5 categories as normal, mild stenosis, moderate stenosis, severe stenosis and complete occlusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of carotid stenosis.RESULTS: All the 126 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. There were 13 (10.32%), 18 (14.29%), 12(9.5%), or 10 (7.9%) patients found to have mild, moderate, severe carotid stenosis, or complete occlusion, and the incidences of these changes were fairly similar. However, the incidence of angiographic carotid stenosis coupled with 3-vessel carotid artery disease was 42.06%.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of carotid stenosis in patients with 3-vessel carotid artery disease was as high in the Chinese population as that in Westem countries. In patients with 3-vessel disease, the prevalence of carotid stenosis was higher than that of intracranial artery stenosis, thus they may require both coronary and carotid interventions.

Objective To investigate the difference of standard tangential field and multiple fileld radiotherapy in axillary lymph node after conserving surgery,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods 20 cases of left breast cancer patients were selected,all patients underwent breast -conserving surgery,postoperative radiothera-py.All patients used standard radiotherapy wild tangent based and reverse -intensity modulated radiation therapy optimization.Armpit I,Ⅱ lymph nodes were used to calculate the extent of coverage of the original plan,target dose uniformity HI,dose conformal CI,dosimetric parameters were calculated.Results Under standard tangential field irradiation,I stand mean dose was (33.95 ±8.24)Gy,which was significantly higher than Ⅱ station (22.13 ± 6.67)Gy,and V50,V45,V40 were (22.45 ±6.32)%,(39.83 ±7.54)%,(49.65 ±8.31)%,which were higher than Ⅱ stand,I stand irradiation was significantly more,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.632,P =0.009;t =7.214,P =0.000;t =8.954,P =0.000;t =6.121,P =0.002).The whole breast irradiation armpit IMRT plan,19 patients (95.00%)reached 95% by volume APTV≥50Gy,coverage was better;but HI,CI were (1.11 ± 0.03),(1.36 ±0.07)respectively,which were significantly worse than the standard wild tangent,the differences were statistically significant (t =6.584,P =0.001;t =9.144,P =0.000).Under Hatano IMRT irradiation ipsilateral lung,heart suffered an average dose of (1 694.58 ±102.31)cGy,(645.54 ±74.44)cGy,which were significantly more than the standard tangential field irradiation,the differences were statistically significant (t =7.654,P =0.000;t =6.654,P =0.001).Conclusion Standard tangential field irradiation has poor coverage in Ⅱ axillary lymph node station,irradiation intensity modulated radiation has better coverage,but significantly increased the dose to normal tissues.