Objective:To explore the effect of short-term training on pressure injury prevention cognition and nursing behavior of nurses in Operating Room.Methods:From July 2018 to September 2019, 36 nurses working in the Operating Room of the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were selected as the research object by convenience sampling. The questionnaire was used to find out how they acquired knowledge about pressure injury before training. Then, the short-term training in pressure injury prevention lasting for 3 months was conducted. The nurses' mastery of knowledge and nursing skills on pressure injury prevention before and after training were compared. Using the convenience sampling method, 80 surgical patients who received treatment in the hospital from July to December 2018 were selected as the control group (before training) , and 80 surgical patients from April to September 2019 were selected as the observation group (after training) . The incidence of surgery-related pressure injury was compared between the two groups.Results:Before the training, the number of nurses who acquired knowledge about pressure injury through in-hospital learning accounted for 80.56% (29/36) , followed by the Internet, related books and nursing journals, accounting for 52.78% (19/36) and 44.44% (16 /36) and 44.44% (16/36) respectively. After short-term training, 36 nurses' mastery of pressure injury-related knowledge, pressure injury nursing behavior scores and total scores were higher than those before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The incidence of pressure injury in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Short-term training for nurses in Operating Room can effectively improve their awareness of pressure injury and nursing behavior, and reduce the incidence of pressure injury in surgical patients.