AIM: To study the possibility that yellow wine improves the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS: Six weeks old LDL receptor knockout mice (n=48) on a high-fat and L-methionine diet developed plasma hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis. The animals were randomly divided into yellow wine group, red wine group, ethanol group and control group (n=12 in each group) and were sacrificed after 14 weeks. The levels of plasma lipids and homocysteine in serum were examined. The morphological changes of aorta artery and the atherosclerosis of aorta sinus were observed under microscope. The expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: No significant difference of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride or high density lipoprotein cholesterol among groups was observed. Plasma homocysteine was significantly decreased in yellow wine group as compared to other three groups (P<0.01). Compared to ethanol and control groups, use of yellow wine and red wine significantly reduced the atherosclerosis lesion area (P<0.01). However, no significant discrepancy between the yellow wine group and red wine group was found. Compared to control group, the expression of MMP-2 in yellow wine group, red wine group and ethanol group decreased by 26.3%, 27.6% (P<0.01) and 5.7% (P>0.05), respectively. The activity of MMP-2 in yellow wine group, red wine group and ethanol group decreased by 31.7%, 32.5% (P<0.01) and 6.7% (P>0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Yellow wine and red wine inhibit the expression of MMP-2 and improve the pathologic changes of atherosclerosis, indicating that they have benefic effects on cardiovascular system.

Objective To investigate the possibility and utility of metformin alone or in combination with fosinopril to reduce blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Met hods A total of 140 cases of non-diabetic essential hypertension with hyperinsulinemia were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: a group of 68 treated with metformin 500 mg tid and a group of 72 treated with fosinopril 10 mg qd.The duration of the treatment was 8 weeks.Combination therapy with the two drugs was used after 4 weeks of treatment if needed.If the target goals of systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and /or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg were not attained 4 weeks, combination therapy with two drugs was used in either group in the next 4 weeks.The changes of blood pressure and insulin sensitivity of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Results (1) After 4 weeks of treatment, SBP in metformin group and fosinopril group decreased by ( 13.0 ± 1.2) mm Hg and (15.4 ± 1.4) mm Hg, and DBP decreased by (9.0 ± 1.0) mm Hg and ( 10.4 ± 1.1 ) mm Hg respectively.After 8 weeks of treatment, SBP in metformin group and fosinopril group decreased by (17.8 ± 1.5) mm Hg and (20.9 ± 1.5) mm Hg, and DBP decreased by (13.2 ±0.9) mm Hg and (15.3 ± 1.1) mm Hg respectively.There was no significant difference in the decline of blood pressure between the two groups (P >0.05).The rates of combination therapy were both 54% in the two groups.(2) Fasting insulin as well as 30 min and 120 min insulin levels after oral glucose tolerance test and insulin area under the curve in the metformin group were significantly reduced after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment as compared with those of baseline(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) .In the fosinopril group, however, they decreased only after 8 weeks treatment (P < 0.05).The insulin action index in the metformin group was higher than that in the fosinopril group after 4 weeks of treatment (P <0.05) ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups after 8 weeks of treatment (P > 0.05).Conclusion Metformin and fosinopril have similar antihypertensive effect and a good synergy in essential hypertension with hyperinsulinemia.

Objective To observe the effects of rosuvastatin on the homocysteine (Hcy)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) and cell migration in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and to explore the possible mechanism of Hcy-induced atherosclerosis and the role of statins in reversing atherosclerosis. Methods In one cell culture plate, the cultured rat VSMCs were incubated with different concentrations of Hcy (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μmol/L and 5000 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. And in another cell culture plate, the different concentrations of rosuvastatin (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L and 0 mol/L) were added to the cultured rat VSMCs (while the concentration of Hcy was 1000 μmol/L). The MMP 2 expression and enzyme activity were determined by gelatin zymography and Western blotting. The effects of Hcy and rosuvastatin on cell migration and invasiveness of VSMCs were observed. Results Hcy (50-5000 μmol/L) increased the protein expression, and Hcy (50-1000 μmol/L) increased enzyme activity of MMP 2 significantly. But Hcy (5000 μmol/L) inhibited activity of MMP 2 (F=9.31, 6.44 and 5.97, all P＜0.05). Rosuvastatin (10-9-10-5 mol/L) inhibited Hcy-induced expression and enzyme activity increasing of MMP 2. The counts of cell migration of VSMCs were 18.32±2.17, 32.68±4.34, 44.75±4.08, 61.39±5.21, 79.74±5.54 and 90.78±5.83, while the concentration of Hcy was 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μmol/L and 5000 μmol/L respectively (F=5.31, P＜0.05). The counts of cell migration of VSMCs were 79.74±5.54, 62.53±6.41, 48.37±5.66, 31.41±4.79, 19.27±3.62 and 11.17±2.33, while the concentration of rosuvastatin was 10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L respectively (F=4.99, P＜0.05). Rosuvastatin could decrease the stimulation of Hcy-induced migration of VSMCs. Conclusions Hcy can influence the MMP 2 protein expression/activity in VSMCs, and rosuvastatin can inhibit augmentation of Hcy-induced MMP 2 expression/activity and migration of VSMCs. It may be one of the multiple-effects of rosuvastatin reducing atherosclerosis.

AIM:To investigate the effect of ovarian carcinoma cells on ? chain expression and the secretion of Tc1/Tc2 type cytokine in CD8+ T cells,and its role in the ovarian carcinoma induced immunosuppression.METHODS:The supernatants of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines of OVCAR3,CAOV3 and SKOV3 and RPMI-1640 were added into CD8+ T cells(groups I,II,III,and control),which were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of healthy persons.The expression of ? chain was analyzed by Western blotting.Thiazolyl blue(MTT)method was used to detect the effects of those cell line supernatants on the growth of CD8+ T cells.The secretion of the Tc1 type cytokine interferon(IFN)-? mRNA and the Tc2 type cytokine interferon(IL)-10 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:The expression of ? chain was significantly lower in groups I,II,and III in comparison with that in control group.The absorbance at the wavelength 570 nm of CD8+ T cells culture in the group I,II,and III was all significantly lower than that in the control group.The IFN-? expression was significantly lower in groups I,II,and III in comparison with that in control group,while the expression of IL-10 was significantly higher.CONCLUSION:Ovarian carcinoma may suppress CD8+ T cell proliferation and secretion of the Tc1/Tc2 type cytokine through inhibition of ? chain,which may play an important role in the ovarian carcinoma induced immunosuppression.

AIM: Cystostomy is the traditionary method for detecting urodynamic indexes in mice, which de-stroys the continuity of the bladder, and there are significant differences between this method and the clinically used trans-urethral method.This study aims to develop an appropriate urethral catheter to investigate the advantages and application val-ue of transurethral method for urodynamic test.METHODS:A pediatric intravenous catheter was used for urethral catheter-ization on 8 female mice, and linked to connect the catheter to baroreceptor and micropump.The epidural catheter was also used as manometry tube.RESULTS:Using this method, the following urodynamic indicators has been successfully cap-tured:basal bladder pressure (BBP), bladder leak point pressure (BLPP), maximum voiding pressure (MVP), maxi-mum bladder capacity ( MBC ) , post-void residual urine volume ( PVR ) , voiding volume ( VV ) , efficiency of voiding ( EV) and bladder compliance ( BC) .CONCLUSION:This is the first successful simulation used in human body to a-chieve mouse urodynamic testing through the urethra catheter, which avoids the impact of cystostomy on urodynamics in mice, and the mice are able to keep long-term survival after tests for the follow-up molecular and genetic experiments.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation has gained considerable support recently. It provides new opportunities for treating diabetic neurogenic bladder. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs)transplantation in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder. METHODS:The first author retrieved Sciencedirect, PubMed, Embase, Wangfang and CNKI databases, for relevant articles of BMSCs transplantation in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder, published from 2000 to 2016. The key words were“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, diabetic neurogenic bladder, differentiation, transplantation”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In patients with diabetic neurogenic bladder, the transplantation of BMSCs may provide safer and longer-lasting outcomes by repairing the damaged bladder and urethra. And it can produce various bioactive substances, which wil have nutritional paracrine effects on the bladder microenvironment, including anti-inflammation, promoting cel proliferation and improving cel survival. On the one hand, the BMSCs have the ability to migrate to the injury site via the blood circulation. On the other hand, BMSCs can produce various growth factors, as wel as the cytokines that can inhibit the inflammatory response. While the current clinical studies are lacking, its efficacy and safety needs further verification.

Objective: To investigate the effect of pre-pregnancy weight and the increase of gestational weight on fetal growth restriction. Methods: From May 2013 to September 2014, a total of 3 474 pregnant women who took their first antenatal care and willing to undergo their prenatal care and delivery in Ma 'anshan Maternity and Child Care Centers were recruited in the cohort study. Excluding subjects without weight data before delivery (n=54), pregnancy termination (n=162), twins live births (n=39), without fetal birth weight data (n=7), 3 212 maternal-singleton pairs were enrolled for the final data analysis. Demographic information of pregnant woman, pregnancy history, disease history, height and weight were collected. In the 24^th-28^th, 32^nd-36^th gestational week and childbirth, three follow-up visits were undertaken to collect data of pregnancy weight, pregnancy vomiting, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, newborn gender and birth weight. χ² test was used to compare the detection rate of fetal growth restriction in different groups. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model and spreadsheet were used to analyze the independent and interaction effect of pre-pregnancy weight and the increase of gestational weight on fetal growth restriction. Results: The incidence of fetal growth restriction was 9.7%(311/3 212). The incidence of fetal growth restriction in pre-pregnancy underweight group was 14.9% (90/603), higher than that in normal pre-pregnancy weight group (8.7% (194/2 226)) (χ²=24.37, P<0.001). The incidence of fetal growth restriction in inadequate increase of gestational weight group was 17.9% (50/279), higher than the appropriate increase of weight group (11.8% (110/932)) (χ²=36.89, P<0.001). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with normal pre-pregnancy weight group, pre-pregnancy underweightwas a risk factor for fetal growth restriction, with RR (95%CI) at 1.76 (1.34-2.32); Compared with the appropriate increase of gestational weight group, inadequate weight increase during pregnancy was a risk factor for fetal growth restriction, with the RR (95%CI) at 1.70 (1.17-2.48). No additive model interaction [relative excess risk of interaction, attributable proportions of interaction, the synergy index and their 95%CI were 0.75 (-2.14-3.63), 0.21 (-0.43-0.86) and 1.43 (0.45-4.53), respectively] or multiplication model interaction (RR (95%CI): 1.00 (0.44-2.29)) existed between pre-pregnancy underweight and inadequate increase of gestational weight on fetal growth restriction. Conclusion Pre-pregnancy underweight and inadequate increase of gestational weight would increase the risk of fetal growth restriction without interaction.

Objective:To explore the effect of cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood applied to small sandblasting machine to prevent and control silicon dust, and put forward a new idea of dust ventilation protection facilities to effectively protect the occupational health of workers.Methods:From August to October 2018, the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood of sandblasting room in a research institute was selected as the research object, and the methods of occupational health survey, on-site detection and physical simulation of air distribution were used to conduct on-site detection and smoke emission test on the local exhaust facilities, silica dust concentration, control wind speed and air distribution before and after the transformation line analysis and evaluation.Results:The air distribution simulation experiment showed that the air distribution of the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood was reasonable and could effectively control the whole range of silica dust emission during the cleaning process. After modification, the capture velocity was increased from 0.01 m/s to 0.53 m/s, and the capture velocity was increased by 98.1%. The time weighted average allowable concentration ( CTWA) of silicon dust (total dust) during sand blasting, cabin opening and cleaning was reduced from 7.00 mg/m 3 to 0.50 mg/m 3. The CTWA of silica dust (exhalation dust) was decreased from 3.36 mg/m 3 to 0.27 mg/m 3, and the CTWA dust reduction rates of total dust and respirable dust were 92.9% and 92.0%, respectively. Conclusion:The combination of cabinet type exhaust hood and water curtain dedusting optimizes the combination mode of dust prevention and control. It has the advantages of high efficiency of dedusting and purification, energy saving and environmental protection, and can be popularized and used in enterprises of the same nature.

Objective:To explore the effect of cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood applied to small sandblasting machine to prevent and control silicon dust, and put forward a new idea of dust ventilation protection facilities to effectively protect the occupational health of workers.Methods:From August to October 2018, the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood of sandblasting room in a research institute was selected as the research object, and the methods of occupational health survey, on-site detection and physical simulation of air distribution were used to conduct on-site detection and smoke emission test on the local exhaust facilities, silica dust concentration, control wind speed and air distribution before and after the transformation line analysis and evaluation.Results:The air distribution simulation experiment showed that the air distribution of the cabinet type water curtain exhaust hood was reasonable and could effectively control the whole range of silica dust emission during the cleaning process. After modification, the capture velocity was increased from 0.01 m/s to 0.53 m/s, and the capture velocity was increased by 98.1%. The time weighted average allowable concentration ( CTWA) of silicon dust (total dust) during sand blasting, cabin opening and cleaning was reduced from 7.00 mg/m 3 to 0.50 mg/m 3. The CTWA of silica dust (exhalation dust) was decreased from 3.36 mg/m 3 to 0.27 mg/m 3, and the CTWA dust reduction rates of total dust and respirable dust were 92.9% and 92.0%, respectively. Conclusion:The combination of cabinet type exhaust hood and water curtain dedusting optimizes the combination mode of dust prevention and control. It has the advantages of high efficiency of dedusting and purification, energy saving and environmental protection, and can be popularized and used in enterprises of the same nature.

Objective To explore the relation between coping style and critical thinking among nursing students in order to provide the powerful evidence for instructing nursing students to take the correct coping style so as to improve their critical thinking .Methods Sixty-three nursing students in Grade 2010 in School of Nursing, Jilin University were surveyed by critical thinking disposition inventory ( CTDI-CV) and simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ).Results The average score of CTDI-CV was (278.35 ±33.14) in the nursing students, and the percent of students with less than 280 was 58.73%, and the percent of students with 280 to 350 was 36.51%, and the percent of students with more than 350 was 4.76%.The score of positive coping styles in the nursing students was (1.86 ±0.626), and was higher than that of the national norm , and the difference was not statistically significant (t =0.207,P>0.05).The score of negative coping styles in the nursing students was (1.18 ±0.566), and was lower than that of the national norm , and the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.745,P <0.01).Nursing undergraduates positive coping style was positively correlated with CTDI-CV scores ( P<0.05), negative coping styles and negatively correlated with CTDI-CV scores (P<0.01).Negative coping style and the critical mind all dimensions are in different degree of negative correlation, positive coping styles and open mind , systematic ability, self-confidence were positively correlated (P<0.01).Conclusions Developing positive coping styles in the nursing students can improve their critical thinking .