Objective To investigate the changes of serum miR-21 expression level in patients with HCC before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and to discuss its clinical significance. Methods Before and after TACE the levels of serum miR-21 in 42 patients with HCC and 42 healthy subjects were determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and the levels of serum AFP were also estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were analyzed. Results The serum miR-21 level in patients with HCC was (12.9 ± 3.5) times of that in normal subjects(t=19.430 7, P < 0.01). One month after TACE, the serum miR-21 level became (7.2 ± 1.7) times of that of normal reference value, which was remarkably lower than that obtained before the treatment (t=9.493 7, P<0.01). The serum miR-21 level was closely correlated with the tumor size, the presence of tumor thrombus and HBV infection. One month after TACE the serum miR-21 levels in patient groups showing partial response, stable disease and progressive disease were (4.0 ± 0.3), (6.0 ± 1.5) and (8.6 ± 1.5) times, respectively, of that of normal reference value, and statistically significant difference existed between each other among the three groups (F=38.168, P=0.000). ROC-AUC value of MiR-21 in diagnosing HCC was 0.910 ± 0.041, which was significantly higher than that of AFP (0.860 ± 0.037, t=6.3042, P<0.01). The specificity of miR-21 in detecting HCC was 88.1%, which was remarkably higher than that of AFP (69%, χ2= 4.5253, P = 0.033).Conclusion After TACE the serum MiR-21 level in HCC patients is significantly decreased, which is very helpful in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of TACE. Therefore, MiR- 21 can be regarded as a potential molecular marker of HCC.

Objective To study the baseline level of fraction anisotropy (FA) and the normal value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in deep white matter of preterm and its application.Methods From Oct.2010 to Dec.2013,in Department of Neonatology,Jiangsu Province Hospital,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1,T2) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were done on 13 preterm infants of less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age (CA),42 preterm infants of term-matched age,and 15 term infants.ADC and FA were measured in genu and splenium of corpus callosum (CC),anterior limb and posterior limb of internal capsule (IC).Results 1.The ADC values in genu,splenium,anterior limb of right IC,posterior limb of right IC,anterior limb of left IC,posterior limb of left IC in CA ＜ 37 weeks infants were higher than those in term-matched infants and in term infants.The ADC values in the 6 regions in term-matched infants and in term infants were significantly different with those in CA ＜ 37 weeks infant(F =5.559,5.775,21.948,19.462,30.586,15.452,all P ＜ 0.01).The differences of ADC values between CA ＜ 37 weeks infants and term-matched infants,between CA ＜37 weeks infants and term infants were significant(all P ＜0.05),except that in CC between CA ＜ 37 weeks infants and term-matched infants.2 The FA values in genu,splenium,anterior limb of right IC,posterior limb of right IC,anterior limb of left IC,posterior limb of left IC in CA ＜ 37 weeks infants were lower than those in term-matched infants and in term infants.The FA values in the 6 regions in term-matched infants and in term infants were significantly different from those in CA ＜ 37 weeks infants (F =9.835,7.500,4.811,11.430,8.674,12.666,all P ＜ 0.01).The differences of FA values between CA ＜ 37 weeks infants and term-matched infants (P ＜ 0.05),between CA ＜ 37 weeks infants and term infants were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The baseline values of FA and ADC in different deep white matters were obtained.As corrected gestational age of preterm babies' increased,FA values in brain white matter increased,while ADC values decreased.The myelination in most white matter of preterm infants at matched term can catch up with that of term infants.The diagnostic value of ADC and FA needs to be studied further.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.Methods Forty-two patients of either sex with intracranial aneurysm,aged 57-78 yr,weighing 53-86 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery under general anesthesia,were assigned into 2 groups (n =21 each) using a random number table:propofol conbined with remifentanil group (group PR) and dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil group (group DPR).In group DPR,dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused over 15 min in a loading dose of 0.5 μg · kg-1 before induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.3 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout surgery.Propofol and remifentanil were given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) after infusion of the loading dose.The patients were mechanically ventilated after placement of the laryngeal mask airway.Maintenance of anesthesia was as follows:propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml and 1-3 ng/ml,respectively,in group DPR;propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 3-5 μg/ml and 3-6 ng/ml,respectively,in group PR.Bispectral index (BIS) value was maintained at 40-60.Before wakeup test,propofol infusion was stopped and the target plasma concentration of remifentanil was decreased to 0.5 ng/ml in two groups,and the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was decreased to 0.1 pg · kg-1 · h-1 in group DPR.The wake-up time was recorded and the wake-up quality was assessed.After admission to the operating room (T0,baseline),at 10 min before wake-up test (T1),immediately after patients were wakened (T2),at 10 min after patients were wakened (T3) and at the end of wake-up test (T4),the mean blood pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiratory rate (RR),SpO2 and BIS values were recorded.The development of intraoperative awareness,emergence time,postoperative agitation,nausea and vomiting,regurgitation and aspiration and severe pain was recorded.Results MAP,heart rate,SpO2 and RR were all within the normal range during wake-up period in two groups.Compared with the baseline at To,MAP was significantly decreased at Ti,3,4 in group PR,and BIS value was decreased at T1-4 in DPR and PR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group PR,MAP was significantly increased at T1.3,BIS value was decreased at T24,the wake-up time was shortened,Ramsay sedation score and wake-up quality were increased,the emergence time was shortened,and the incidence of agitation was deceased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in verbal rating scale scores assessed after extubation in group DPR (P ＞ 0.05).No cardiovascular events,respiratory depression,intraoperative awareness,postoperative nausea and voniting,regurgitation and aspiration or severe pain was found in two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can raise the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.

Objective To evaluate the median effective anesthetic dose of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane ( TAP ) block for analgesia in patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods Twenty-eight cases of appendectomy under general anesthesia were analyzed.After standardized general anaesthesia,a bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed on patients undergoing appendectomy using ropivacaine. Sequential method was applied. The initial dose of ropivacaine in first patient was 1.6 mg·kg-1,the dose adjustment interval was 0.2 mg·kg-1.Numerical Rating Scale was used to estimate the level of pain postoperatively. If NRS≤3, dosage of ropivacaine was decreased by 0. 2 mg·kg-1. The transversus abdominis plane block analgesia duration and incidences of postoperative adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Median effective dose (ED50) of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block was 2.73 mg·kg-1.95%CI (1.94, 3.84) mg·kg-1. Conclusion The determination of ED50of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block improved the anesthesia efficacy and safety.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of edaravone on mitochondrial function during ketamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.Methods:Nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiating PC-12 cells were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), ketamine group (group K) and edaravone plus ketamine group (group EK). Cells in group C were commonly cultured.In group K, PC12 cells were incubated with PBS and 100 μmol/L ketamine at 7 days after differentiation.In group EK, cells were incubated with 10 μmol/L edaravone and 100 μmol/L ketamine.The cell viability, caspase-3/7 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and NADH/NAD + ratio were determined using analysis kits at 24 h of incubation.The cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL assay and apoptosis rate was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability, caspase-3/7 activity, NADH/NAD + ratio and apoptosis rate were significantly increased, and ROS activity and ATP content were decreased in group K ( P<0.05). Compared with group K, the cell viability, caspase-3/7 activity, NADH/NAD + ratio and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased, and ROS activity and ATP content were increased in group EK ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which edaravone inhibits ketamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is related to improving mitochondrial function.

We report a case of a 2 200 g premature male baby born through cesarean section under maternal endotracheal intubation mechanical ventilation combined with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 34 +1 gestational weeks, while his mother was infected with influenza A in late pregnancy. Due to neonatal pneumonia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity, and low birth weight, the neonate was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit for body temperature maintenance, respiratory support, maintenance of perfusion and internal environment, and nutritional management. The infant was discharged 17 days after birth and was well at six-month-old follow-up. His mother was discharged at 20 days post-delivery.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of astragaloside Ⅰ,the active constituent of milkvetch root,in inhibiting podocyte injury and improving diabetic kidney disease.Methods According to the body weight,60 male db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group,astragaloside Ⅰ low-dose group(10 mg/kg),astragaloside Ⅰ medium-dose group(20 mg/kg),astragaloside Ⅰ high-dose group(40 mg/kg),and valsartan group(10mg/kg),with 12 mice per group.Twelve db/db littermate control db/m mice were used as the control group.The drug was administered by gavage for 8 weeks.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of the kidney;immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of nephrotic protein(nephrin),a marker of renal podocytes;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)in the serum of mice;Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain-related protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1(Caspase-1),and Gasdermin D(GSDMD)in kidney tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the glomeruli of the model group showed obvious podocyte loss and foot process fusion;the protein expression of nephrin was decreased(P＜0.05);the contents of IL-1 β and IL-18 in serum were increased(P＜0.05);the protein expressions of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase-1,and GSDMD-N were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the renal pathological damage in the astragaloside Ⅰ administration groups were alleviated;the protein expression of nephrin was increased(P＜0.05);the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were decreased(P＜0.05);the protein expressions of NLRP3,Cleaved-Caspase-1,and GSDMD-N were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅰ may play a role in intervening diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting pyroptosis and improving podocyte injury.

Objective:To compare the effects of different intraocular infusion solutions on histology and function of retina.Methods:Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC), human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells and rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were divided into normal control group, balanced saline solution (BSS) group and compound electrolyte intraocular irrigating solution (CEIIS) group, and the cells were cultured in 10% DMEM/F12 medium, BSS and CEIIS for 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, according to grouping.The proliferation absorbance value of cultured cells was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) method.The expression of apoptosis related proteins in cultured cells was detected by cellular immunofluorescence staining.The cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry.The mitochondrial damage was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) quantitative detection kit.Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group ( n=3), BSS group ( n=6) and CEIIS group ( n=6). The left eyes were taken for vitrectomy and different intraocular perfusion fluids were used during vitrectomy according to grouping.The retinal function of operative eyes was measured by flash electroretinogram (ERG) before operation and 24 hours after operation, and the structural changes of each layer of retina were detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The early apoptosis of retinal cells was detected by TUNEL staining.The expressions of cytochrome C and bax protein in retina were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The ultrastructural changes of retina were observed under a transmission electron microscope.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (No.2019PHE059). Results:The three kinds of cultured cells in BSS and CEIIS groups were damaged in various degrees.With the extension of culture time, proliferated cells were decreased and the number of apoptotic cells was increased.Compared with the BSS group, cultured cells in the CEIIS group were dense and in orderly arrangement with uniform morphology and size.The apoptosis rates of HRPE cells and RGC in the BSS group were (37.157±6.918)% and (29.993±12.330)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (4.163±1.310)% and (6.337±1.903)% in the CEIIS group ( P=0.003, 0.045). There was no significant difference in G0/G1+ S phase ratio of HCEC and HRPE cells among the normal control group, BSS group and CEIIS group (HCEC: F=2.226, P=0.189; HRPE: F=2.634, P=0.151), and the proportion of G2/M division arrest phase of RGC in the BSS group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group and CEIIS group ( P=0.047, 0.024). The proliferation absorbance values of HCEC, HRPE cells and RGC in the CEIIS group were significantly higher than those in the BSS group at each culture time point (all at P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of cytochrome C, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins in the BSS group was stronger than that in the normal control group and CEIIS group, and the fluorescence intensity of bcl-2 was weaker than that in the CEIIS group, and the fluorescence intensity of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) was weaker than that in the normal control group and CEIIS group.The release level of LDH in the BSS group was significantly higher than that in the CEIIS group at different time points (all at P<0.001). After 48 hours of culture, the release level of SDH in the BSS group was significantly higher than that in the CEIIS group ( P<0.05). No retinal histological abnormalities was found through OCT examination of rabbit eyes after vitrectomy in the two groups, but transmission electron microscopy showed that there were different degrees of loose arrangement of retinal photoreceptor cells, a large number of photoreceptor outer membrane discs falling off and vacuolar degeneration in the two groups, especially in the BSS group.TUNEL staining showed that the apoptotic cells were mainly located in the inner nuclear layer and RGC layer.The number of apoptotic retinal cells was (135.2±22.8)/high-power field of vision in the BSS group, which was significantly higher than (81.3±17.7)/high-power field of vision in the CEIIS group ( t=4.175, P=0.002). Full field flash ERG showed that the amplitudes of scotopic 3.0 ERG a- and b-wave in the CEIIS group after operation were significantly lower than those before operation, but the differences were not statistically significant (all at P>0.05). The amplitudes of scotopic 3.0 ERG a- and b-wave in the BSS group after operation were significantly lower than those before operation ( P=0.026, 0.010). Conclusions:In vivo and in vitro research results show that compared with BSS, there were few apoptotic cells in retinal tissue after vitrectomy perfused by CEIIS.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.