Objective To know the relationship of anxiety and feelings of control during labour among primiparae.Methods Selected 90 primiparae from the July 2007 to September 2007,investegated anxiety condition and feelings of control during labour of them by related questionnaire and scales,and then analyzed the relationship between them.Results The anxiety score among the 90 primiparae was significant higher than that of in normal women.There was a negative correlation between the anxiety and feelings of control during labour among the primiparae.Conclusions Lower feelings of control indicats higher anxiety in labour among primiparae.

Objective To analyse the expression patterns of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR-3) at the protein and mRNA level,and to detect the biological function of VEGFR-3 in the lymphangiogenesis of the embryos. Methods A total of 61 specimens of skin were investigated by immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody against VEGFR-3 in embryo 15-day-old(E15) and in embryo 21-day-old(E21).The expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA was studied in situ hybridization. Results The positive expression of VEGFR-3 can be seen in lymphatic vessels of the embryonic skin.The occurrences of VEGFR-3 protein in lymphatic vessels in E15 and in E21 were 38.71%(12/31) and 73.33%(22/30) respectively,the expression level of VEGFR-3 protein in E21 was significantly higher than that in E15(?~2=7.408,P

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3(VEGFR-3) in rat colorectal cancer,and to provide an experimental material for the role of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR-3 in cancer progression and metastasis via lymphatics. Methods The expressions of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR-3 in colorectal cancer induced by MNNG were observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results There was no expression of VEGF-C in normal colorectal tissues,but VEGFR-3 expressed in the lymphatic endothelium.The protein of VEGF-C mainly expressed in the cancer cells and the positive rates were 75% and 100% respectively in the early and the mid-terminal stages of cancer.The positive expression of VEGF-C in the early stage of cancer was higher than that in mid-terminal stage(P

Objective To observe the expression of PECAM-1 in colorectal cancer in rat and to explore the mechanism of lymphatic metastasis of tumor. Methods Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer,by using HE staining,the cancer type and progression of cancer were devided.By immunohistochemistry staining,the expression of PECAM-1 in tumor tissue,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed. Results PECAM-1 expression in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed in normal tissue,while its expression on tumor tissue and lymphatic vessels decreased according to the cancer progression.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be involved in the early process of tumor cells adhering to the endothelium;decreased expresson of PECAM-1 on lymphatics may be related with lymphangiogenesis and the opening of endothelial junction of lymphatic vessels.

Objective To compare two different dumping cooking methods (boiling vs.frying) in their effect on postprandial glucose level in diabetic patients using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).Methods 10 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in-patients in the Department of Endocrinology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February and May 2011 were enrolled,whose fasting and preprandial glucose levels were controlled with a insulin pump.On day 2 and day 4 in the study period,the patients were given fried dumplings and boiled dumplings for lunch respectively,with the same nutrient contents.The starch digestibility of these two kinds of dumplings were compared using in vitro resistant starch digestion,measuring the concentrations of rapidly digestible starch,slowly digestible starch,and resistant starch.CGM was used to record blood glucose changes,in order to evaluate glycemic effect of these two dumpling cooking methods on postprandial glucose levels at 9 time points (0,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,and 240 minutes),peak blood glucose,and area under the curve (AUC) in 4 time periods (0-60,63-120,123-180,and 183-240 minutes).Results The percentage of rapidly digestible starch was remarkably lower in fried dumplings than in boiled dumplings (30.8％ vs.77.0％),but the content of slowly digestible starch in fried dumplings was higher than that in boiled ones (63.7％ vs.20.7％),and the content of resistant starch in both dumplings were similarly low (1.9％ and 2.3％).The average time to the peak glucose value was shorter in fried dumplings compared with boiled dumplings [(93 ± 53) minutes vs.(156 ± 61) minutes,P =0.02],but the average glucose levels at all the 9 time points and the AUC in all the 4 time periods were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with fried dumplings,boiled dumplings show faster starch digestion,but long time to the peak postprandial glucose level.Fried dumplings may raise the glucose level faster than boiled dumplings do in T2DM patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy and the side-effect of three different ways in treating the patients with malignant pleural effusion. Methods 98 patients histologically proved malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into three groups, bleomycin group(BLM), bleomycin with mycobacterium group( BLM + UTL) and blemycin with intertleukino2 ( BLM +IL). 31 patients were treated with bleomycin intrapleural injection in BLM group,32 patients were treated with bleomycin and Utilin's(mycobacterium) intrapleural injection in BLM + ULL group and 35 patients were treated with bleomycin and intertleukin-2 intrapleural injection in BLM + IL group. The therapeutic efficacy, change of performance and side effects were compared among the three groups after one period of treatment. The changes of CEA and TNF in the pleural effusion were examined before and after treatment. Results The therapeutic efficacy and performance improvement were higher in BLM+UTL and BLM+IL group than that of BLM group(P＜0. 05) ,the pleural CEA of post-treatment in three groups were lower than that of pre-treatment(P＜0.01) ,the CEA after treatment in BLM+UTL group and BLM+IL group was lower than that of BLM group(P＜0. 01,respectively). The pleural TNF of post-treatment in BLM+UTL and BLM+IL groups was higher than that of pre-treatment(P＜0. 01 ) in BLM group. The pleural TNF of post-treatment in BLM+UTL and BLM+IL group was higher than that of BLM group ( P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Intrapleural injection of mycobacterium with bleomycin or interlekin-2 with bleomycin has better efficacy than using bleomycin only in treating malignant pleural effusion.

To evaluate the status of diabetes-related knowledge and training requirement among general physicians,a questionnaire survey was conducted in 676 general physicians from 32 primary medical institutions and 5 secondary hospitals of Shanghai Pudong New Area.48.2% (261/541) of the surveyees had bachelor degree and most of them worked in secondary hospitals or primary medical institutions in affluent areas.The awareness rate of diabetic knowledge among the surveyeos was 51.6%,and there were significant differences in the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge between different levels of hospitals and physicians with different academic background.Only 26.6% of physicians received diabetes-related continuing education or training,there was a popular request for professional training from the surveyed physicians.

Objective To study the morphological changes of lymphatics in transplant tumor of mice. Methods H22 cells were inoculated under the armpit skin of KM mice. Tumor was obtained two weeks after inoculation. HE staining was used to observe the development of tumor. 5'-nase-alpase double staining was performed to observe blood vessels and lymphatics. Ultrastructures of lymphatics were observed with electron-microscopy. Results Tumor occurred in all the mice. Under microscope there was none of lymphatics in the center of the tumor, a few lymphatics and a lot of blood vessels could be seen in periphery of tumor. Under TEM damage of the organelles could be seen in the endothelial cell of lymphatics. Conclusion Neonatal lymphatics can be seen in transplant tumor caused by H22.

Objective To study the ultrastructural features of initial lymphatics of gastric carcinoma,to discuss the metastasis mechanism of malignant cells by lpmphatics. Methods The postoperative samples of patients with gastric cancer were obtained in center,peripheral and normal region of cancer.Common Resin-embedded specimens were made.Lymphatics were located by hemithin sections under light microscope and observed by ultrathin sections under electron microscope. Results There were no lymphatics in carcinomatous centre region.Compared with normal region,there were more initial lymphatics in peripheral region of gastric carcinoma.The lumina were dilated and irregular and the endothelium were destroyed;The organelle of endothelial cells changed obviously.The distribution and morphology of the lymphatics did not changed evidently in the normal region.Conclusion These results suggest that amount,ultrastructure and morphology of lymphatics changed in peripheral region of carcinoma;Gastric cancer cells may invade lymphatics via destroyed parts of endothelium or interendothelial openings.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of lactoferrin(Lf) on lung injury in mice exposed to irradiation.Methods:C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control group, 15 Gy irradiation group (IR group) and lactoferrin combined 15 Gy irradiation group (Lf+ IR group), with 5 mice in each group. The mice in the Lf+ 15 Gy group drank lactoferrin solution (10 mg/ml) from 3 days before irradiation and contained the whole experiments. Then, single chest 15 Gyirradiation was performed both in the IR and Lf+ IR groups. The body weight and other characteristics were monitored during the experiment. The mice were killed at day 14 after irradiation. The lung histopathology was observed by HE staining. Serum inflammatory cytokine such as HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was determined by ELISA method . The expression of inflammatory related protein in lung tissue including HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were performed by immune histochemistry and Western blot method.Results:Compared with the control group, lung weight was significantly increased ( t=3.20, P<0.05), pulmonary hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the IR group. Exposure also significantly increased serum level of TNF-α[(291.80±5.49) vs.(332.25±22.18)pg/ml]( t=3.07, P<0.05), up-regulated the expression of inflammatory related protein in lung tissue ( t=4.04, 4.78, 3.77, 6.14, P<0.05). Lactoferrin intervention (Lf+ IR group) significantly decreased lung weight ( t=2.18, P<0.05), alleviated histopathologic changes, decrease serum levels of HMGB1, TNF-α and IL-1β ( t=4.67, 2.97, 3.49, P<0.05). On the other hand, lactoferrin intervention decreased the positive cell number of HMGB1 and NF-κB, and down-regulated the protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB in lung tissues, with significant difference with the IR group ( t=8.06, 9.80, 3.07, 5.56, P<0.05). Conclusions:Lactoferrin plays the protective effect of radiation-induced lung injury through the downregulation of inflammatory response, such as HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.