No abstract available.
Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular*

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen free radicals have been implicated as an important factor in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart. Captopril, a SH-containing angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor has been reported to provide the protective effect in different models of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury of animal hearts. It is postulated that the myocardial protective effect may be related to a potential anti-free radical effect independent of ACE inhibition. The present study was designed to elucidate the myocardial protective mechanism of Captopril by investigating the drug effect on the experimentally induced oxygen free radical-mediated myocardial injury in isolated hearts of rats. METHODS: The heart isolated from rat was perfused retrogradly by Langendorff method. Myocardial dysfuntion was induced by oxygen free radicals generated by electrolysis of the perfusing solution(Kreb-Henseleit) with 2mA direct current for 45 sec. The cardiac functions(left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, heart rate, coronary flow) and the ventricular content of a lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde(MDA) were measured under presence of absence of Captopril and the compairing drugs(enalaprilat, cysteine and dithiothreitol). RESULTS: Electrolysis of oxygen-saturated Krebs-Henseleit perfusing solution led to the production of superoxide anion increasingly with intensity and duration of the applied electric current. The hearts perfused with the electroyzed solution demonstrated significant decrease in left ventricular pressure, dp/dt, heart rate, coronary folw and increase in myocardial MDA content. The depression of myocardial function as well as the increase of MDA content and oxygen radical production were reversed by Captopril(0.75~2mM) dose-dependently. Enalaprilat, a non-SH containing ACE inhibitor, however, showed no protective effect at all. Cysteine and dithiothreitol, the SH-containing agents without ACE inhibitory action showed also protective effects on the myocardial depression induced by electrolysis. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that Captopril may exert protective effect on oxygen radical-mediaed myocardial injury probably by its antioxidative and anti-free radical mechanism related to SH-group.
Angiotensins ; Animals ; Captopril* ; Cysteine ; Depression ; Dithiothreitol ; Electrolysis ; Enalaprilat ; Free Radicals ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxides ; Ventricular Pressure

No abstract available.
Protein-Losing Enteropathies

No abstract available.
Alternariosis*

The Korean Society for Electrolyte and Blood Pressure Research, in collaboration with the Korean Society of Nephrology, has published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) document for hyponatremia treatment. The document is based on an extensive evidence-based review of the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia with the multidisciplinary participation of representative experts in hyponatremia with methodologist support for guideline development. This CPG consists of 12 recommendations (two for diagnosis, eight for treatment, and two for special situations) based on eight detailed topics and nine key questions. Each recommendation begins with statements graded by the strength of the recommendations and the quality of the evidence. Each statement is followed by rationale supporting the recommendations. The committee issued conditional recommendations in favor of rapid intermittent bolus administration of hypertonic saline in severe hyponatremia, the use of vasopressin receptor antagonists in heart failure with hypervolemic hyponatremia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis with moderate to severe hyponatremia, the individualization of desmopressin use, and strong recommendation on the administration of isotonic fluids as maintenance fluid therapy in hospitalized pediatric patients. We hope that this CPG will provide useful recommendations in practice, with the aim of providing clinical support for shared decision-making to improve patient outcomes.

The Korean Society for Electrolyte and Blood Pressure Research, in collaboration with the Korean Society of Nephrology, has published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) document for hyponatremia treatment. The document is based on an extensive evidence-based review of the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia with the multidisciplinary participation of representative experts in hyponatremia with methodologist support for guideline development. This CPG consists of 12 recommendations (two for diagnosis, eight for treatment, and two for special situations) based on eight detailed topics and nine key questions. Each recommendation begins with statements graded by the strength of the recommendations and the quality of the evidence. Each statement is followed by rationale supporting the recommendations. The committee issued conditional recommendations in favor of rapid intermittent bolus administration of hypertonic saline in severe hyponatremia, the use of vasopressin receptor antagonists in heart failure with hypervolemic hyponatremia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis with moderate to severe hyponatremia, the individualization of desmopressin use, and strong recommendation on the administration of isotonic fluids as maintenance fluid therapy in hospitalized pediatric patients. We hope that this CPG will provide useful recommendations in practice, with the aim of providing clinical support for shared decision-making to improve patient outcomes.

The Korean Society of Nephrology (KSN) has published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) document for maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The document, 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline on Optimal HD Treatment, is based on an extensive evidence-oriented review of the benefits of preparation, initiation, and maintenance therapy for HD, with the participation of representative experts from the KSN under the methodologists’ support for guideline development. It was intended to help clinicians participating in HD treatment make safer and more effective clinical decisions by providing user-friendly guidelines. We hope that this CPG will be meaningful as a recommendation in practice, but not on a regulatory rule basis, as different approaches and treatments may be used by health care providers depending on the individual patient’s condition. This CPG consists of eight sections and 15 key questions. Each begins with statements that are graded by the strength of recommendations and quality of the evidence. Each statement is followed by a summary of the evidence supporting the recommendations. There are also a link to full-text documents and lists of the most important reports so that the readers can read further (most of this is available online).

PURPOSE: Pim kinases are highly conserved serine/threonine kinases, and different expression patterns of each isoform (Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3) have been observed in various types of human cancers, including gastric cancer. AZD1208 is a potent and selective inhibitor that affects all three isoforms of Pim. We investigated the effects of AZD1208 as a single agent and in combination with an Akt inhibitor in gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antitumor activity of AZD1208 with/without an Akt inhibitor was evaluated in a large panel of gastric cancer cell lines through growth inhibition assays. The underlying mechanism was also examined by western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: AZD1208 treatment decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation rates and induced autophagy only in long-term culture systems. Light chain 3B (LC3B), a marker of autophagy, was increased in sensitive cells in a dose-dependent manner with AZD1208 treatment, which suggested that the growth inhibition effect of AZD1208 was achieved through autophagy, not apoptosis. Moreover, we found that cells damaged by Pim inhibition were repaired by activation of the DNA damage repair pathway, which promoted cell survival and led the cells to become resistant to AZD1208. We also confirmed that the combination of an Akt inhibitor with AZD1208 produced a highly synergistic effect in gastric cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Treatment with AZD1208 alone induced considerable cell death through autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of AZD1208 with an Akt inhibitor showed synergistic antitumor effects through regulation of the DNA damage repair pathway.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; DNA Damage ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Isoforms ; Stomach Neoplasms

The Korean Society of Nephrology (KSN) has published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) document for maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The document, 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline on Optimal HD Treatment, is based on an extensive evidence-oriented review of the benefits of preparation, initiation, and maintenance therapy for HD, with the participation of representative experts from the KSN under the methodologists’ support for guideline development. It was intended to help clinicians participating in HD treatment make safer and more effective clinical decisions by providing user-friendly guidelines. We hope that this CPG will be meaningful as a recommendation in practice, but not on a regulatory rule basis, as different approaches and treatments may be used by health care providers depending on the individual patient’s condition. This CPG consists of eight sections and 15 key questions. Each begins with statements that are graded by the strength of recommendations and quality of the evidence. Each statement is followed by a summary of the evidence supporting the recommendations. There is also a link to full-text documents and lists of the most important reports so that the readers can read further (most of this is available online).

Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and is classified as either gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria. There are many causes of hematuria, and the differential diagnosis depends on the presence or absence of comorbidities and whether it is glomerular or non-glomerular. When hematuria in children is symptomatic or persistent, an evaluation of the cause is essential. The causes of hematuria and basic approaches to its diagnosis are discussed in this review.