MicroRNAs(miRNAs,miR) is a class of 21～22 nt small non-protein-coding single strand RNA molecules.In the liver,the phenotypic alternation or expressed abnormality of many miRNAs can influence the hepatitis virus replication at the gene level,which would provocate the development from hepatitis to hepatic fibrosis,cirrhosis,and even primary hepatic carcinoma on target.And so,several miRNAs are confirmed to be a new class of related gene to carcinoma.Furthermore,the dysfunction or abnormal quantity of miRNAs will promote the formation of fatty liver disease by interfering with signal transduction of insulin,inducing insulin resistance and then influencing normal metabolism of endosomatic lipid,Therefore,the specific medicine or methods,which might retrieve the expression or function of miRNAs in the hepatocytes,will provide a new valuable method to manage human liver disease.

The activation of NK cell , mediated by natural killer group 2 ( NKG2 ) family receptor , plays an important role in antiviral immune response and disease progression after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.To explore the NKG2 receptors-mediated NK cell activation and its mechanism may be of value for anti-HBV targeting immune treatment .This article reviews the recent research progress on the role of NK cells and its NKG2 family receptors in immunity of chronic HBV infection and its mechanisms .

Objective: To explore the effects of 17 β-estrogen (E2) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) on hypoxic induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) in experimental rats with ovariectomy and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Methods: A total of 60 healthy female SD rats with castrated surgery were randomly divided into 6 groups:①Routine oxygen group,②Routine oxygen + E2 group, the rats received subcutaneous injection of E2 (20 μg/kg?d),③Routine oxygen + 2ME group, the rats received 2ME (240 μg/kg?d) and④Hypoxia group,⑤Hypoxia + E2 group,⑥Hypoxia + 2ME group.n=10 in each group and all animals were treated for 8 weeks to establish the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension model. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was measured after bloodletting, right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) was calculated and small pulmonary artery remodeling was observed by HE staining. The expression level of HIF-1α and AlkB were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Routine oxygen group, the rats in Hypoxia group had obviously thickened small pulmonary artery wall with narrowed lumen, increased mPAP and RVHI; the above changes in Hypoxia + E2 and Hypoxia + 2ME groups were relatively smaller, their mPAP and RVHI were higher than Routine oxygen group, while mPAP and RVHI were similar between Hypoxia + E2 and Hypoxia + 2ME groups. There were no real morphological changes in small pulmonary vessels in Routine oxygen + E2 and Routine oxygen + 2ME groups. The HIF-1α expression was obviously elevated in Hypoxia group than Routine oxygen group, while the elevation was less in Hypoxia + E2 and Hypoxia + 2ME groups. HIF-1α expression had no real changes in Routine oxygen+E2 and Routine oxygen + 2ME groups. The AlkB expression was obviously reduced in Hypoxia group than Routine oxygen group, while the reduction was less in Hypoxia + E2 and Hypoxia + 2ME groups. AlkB expression had no real changes in Routine oxygen + E2 and Routine oxygen + 2ME groups. Conclusion: Estradiol E2 and 2ME could remit pulmonary hypertension which might be via up-regulating AlkB expression and down-regulating HIF-1α expression in experimental rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective:To study whether autoimmune regulator (Aire) affects macrophage polarization. Methods: The mouse mononuclear macrophage cell line RAW264. 7 cells, stable expressing GFP-Aire protein RAW264. 7 cells ( A33-3 ) and stable expressing GFP protein RAW264. 7 cells (C1-6) were stimulated with LPS,IL-4 and LPS combined with immune complex respectively to make the macrophage polarize to M1 (LPS),M2a (IL-4) and M2b (LPS with immune complex). To investigate the effects of Aire on the various types of macrophages polarization,the M1 related molecules (IL-1α,iNOS and IL-6),M2a related molecules (Arg-1) and M2b related molecule (IL-10) were detected by Real-time PCR. Results:The expression of IL-1α,IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) ,the products of M1 macrophages, were significantly upregulated in RAW264. 7 cells treated with LPS at 0. 5 μg/ml. The expression of Arg-1 and IL-10 mRNA in RAW264. 7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation with IL-4 or LPS combined with immune complexes, respectively. M1 macrophage-related marker iNOS and IL-1 increased, whereas IL-6 levels decreased in A33-3 cells compared with C1-6 cells after treatment with LPS. The expression of Arg1 and IL-10 were downregulated in A33-3 cells compared with C1-6 cells after IL-4 and LPS combined with immune complexes stimulation,respectively. Conclusion:Aire may promote M1 macrophage polarization while inhibit M2a and M2b macrophage polarization.

Objective To better understand the mechanisms of cone opsin transport , we set to generate a trans-genic zebrafish line with red fluorescence proteins expressing in the cone photoreceptors .Methods We used sws1 promot-er to drive the expression of a chimerical protein , in which the last 44 amino acids of rhodopsin of Xenopus laevis were fused to the C-terminus of tdTomato to restrict its localization to the outer segment of photoreceptors .Results We successfully i-solated such a transgenic zebrafish line and confirmed the localization of tdTomato by immunostaining analysis .Conclu-sions This transgenic zebrafish line will help us to better understand the transport mechanisms of cone opsins , especially the transport in live photoreceptors .

Objective To examine clusters of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and their associations with clinical features in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods It was a retrospective study.113 SLE patients were reviewed from March 2010 to May 2012 in Department of Rheumatology,Jinhua Central Hospital.ANA and specific autoantibodies to 15 kinds of nuclear antigens were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) and line immunoassay (LIA) respectively.Hierarchical clustering method was performed to analyze specific clusters of ANA profiles in SLE.Chi-square tests were used to investigate relationship between antibody clusters and clinical features of SLE.Results The positive rate of LIA for ANA was 97.3％,consistent with IIF method,and the total accordance rate of the both methods was 98.2％.Thirteen kinds of antigen-specific antibodies were detected in SLE patients by LIA.Clustering analysis for these antibodies showed three specific clusters in SLE,Nuc/His/dsDNA cluster (C1),low-Ro/low-La cluster (C2),and Ro/Sm/RNP cluster (C3),accounting for 36.3％,24.8％,38.9％ of the total cases respectively.There were significant difference of AST levels among three clusters [(32.62 ± 21.92)U/L,(25.56 ± 16.63) U/L,(50.41 ± 60.86) U/L respectively for C1,C2 and C3].High incidences of chronic cutaneous lupus,abnormal renal indicators and inflammatory synovitis were found in all three clusters.Besides,there were significant differences among three clusters for the incidences of chronic cutaneous lupus (39.0％,39.3％,63.6％ respectively for C1,C2,C3) and leukopenia/lymphopenia (56.1％,25.0％,56.8％ respectively for C1,C2,C3) (P ＜ 0.05).Patients in Ro/Sm/RNP cluster showed higher incidences of lupus nephritis (43.2％/26.8％ or 39.3％); patients in low-Ro/low-La cluster showed low risk of hypertension (7.1％/19.5％ or 22.7％) ; patients in Nuc/His/dsDNA cluster showed high incidences of thrombocytopenia (41.5％/21.4％ or 25.0％) and high risk of lung or upper respiratory tract infection (46.3％/28.6％ or 29.5％),but low incidence of neurologic symptoms (0％/ 3.6％ ％ or 11.4％).Conclusion Three characterized ANA clusters are identified in SLE patients in this pilot study.Different clusters are associated with certain clinical features and complications ofSLE.However,the correlations found in this study need to be investigated further in larger populations.

Objective To provide a good anatomical foundation for transposition of the branch of median nerve superficial flexor muscle repairing the movement branch of ulnar nerve to recover the function of intrinsic muscle, by anatomic study of the muscle branch of the superficial flexor muscle of the median nerve and the movement branch of ulnar nerve. Methods Twenty adult upper limb specimens immersed fixed by formalin were elected and expose the midian nerve and ulnar nerve. Then every anatomical index was measured. Simulate to manipulate that the branch of superficial flexor muscle repair the motor b ranch of ulnar nerve. Calculate the number of myelinated nerve fibers of the branch of superficial flexor muscle. Results The distance between the position into muscle and styloid process of radius and styloid process of ulna: (21.4±1.8)mm, the distance that can be separated: (27.1±1.2)mm, the transverse diameter: (1.2±0.2)mm, anteroposterior diameter: (0.7 ± 0.1 )mm. No injury separated distance between the sensory branch and motor branch of ulnar nerve: (7.1 ± 0.7)cm. The 4th muscular branches of median nerve flexor digitorum superficialis was 1378.9± 107.9. Conclusion The 4th muscular branches of median nerve flexor digitorum superficialis can be used to repair the motor branch of the ulnar nerve to recover the function of intrinsic muscle of hand.

Objective To analyze the results of HBsAg weakly positive and both HBsAg and HBsAb simultaneously positive in 5 items of hepatitis B detected by ELISA .Methods 115 cases of HBsAg weakly positive and 95 cases of both HBsAg and HBsAb simultaneously positive were screened out from 35 280 cases of 5 items detection results of hepatitis B .210 screened samples were performed the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) quantitation .Results 115 cases of HBsAg weakly positive were re‐detected by using ECLIA ,90 cases had the consistent results with the coincidence rate of 78 .3% .After ECLIA re‐detection in 95 cases of HBsAg and HBsAb double positive results ,11 cases had the consistent results with the coincidence rate of 11 .6% .Conclu‐sion The results of HBsAg weakly positive and both HBsAg and HBsAb double positive in 5 items of hepatitis B detected by ELISA must be cautious .In the detection results of HBsAg weakly positive ,the majority are the samples of HBsAg ,HBeAb and HBcAb positive and HBsAg and HBcAb positive .The results of HBsAg and HBsAb simultaneously positive have poor reliability , which should be careful to issue the detection reports .

Objective To compare 3 kinds of preoperative scoring systems used to predict 30-day mortality in a hip fracture population,Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM),Portsmouth modified POSSUM (P-POSSUM) and Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS).Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the aged 654 patients who had undergone surgery for femoral intertrochanteric fracture or femoral neck fracture from January 2010 through June 2014 at our hospital.They were 225 men and 429 women,60 to 103 years of age (average,71.7 years).There were 363 femoral intertrochanteric fractures and 291 femoral neck fractures.Closed reduction and intramedullary nailing was performed in 363 cases,artificial dipolar replacement in 242 cases,and total hip replacement in 49 cases.POSSUM,P-POSSUM and E-PASS scoring systems were used to predict the 30-day mortality.The discrepancy between the predictive risk and the actual observation was analyzed.Results Of the 654 patients,25 died within 30 days after operation.According to POSSUM scoring system,the predictability (observed deaths/POSSUM deaths) was 0.30,showing a significant difference between the predictive deaths and the actual deaths(x2=34.840,P=0.009).According to P-POSSUM and E-PASS scoring systems,the predictability was respectively 0.83 and 1.04,demonstrating no significant differences between the predictive deaths and the actual deaths(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion P-POSSUM and E-PASS scoring systems may predict 30-day mortality more accurately than POSSUM scoring system in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.