OBJECTIVE: Ambulance personnel who witness trauma experienced by patients have been reported to experience positive changes, known as vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG). We examined VPTG and its relationship with social support and resilience among ambulance personnel. METHODS: The sample (n=227) was recruited from six emergency centers in China. The measures included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and the bootstrapping procedure were used to examine indirect effects. RESULTS: The participants' mean score for VPTG was 68.96 (SD=15.51). Social support had significant direct effects on resilience (β=0.51, p < 0.001) and VPTG (β=0.25, p=0.001), and resilience (β=0.58, p < 0.001) had a significant direct effect on VPTG. Furthermore, social support had a significant indirect effect (0.51×0.58=0.30, p < 0.001) on VPTG through resilience. CONCLUSION: Although the nature of the work of ambulance personnel is not expected to change, the negative effects of the trauma they encounter can be reduced by providing them with more support resources and interventions to foster their resilience, which in turn, promote VPTG.
Ambulances* ; China* ; Emergencies ; Humans

Objective To classify traumatic triangular fibrocartilage complex(TFCC)injury based on 3.0T MR.Methods A total of 46 patients with definite history of wrist trauma admitted were collected.All patients underwent MRI scanning within 3 days after trauma,and the MRI findings were classified as follows according to the Palmer classification criteria:the focal structures of triangular fibro-cartilage(articular disc)(TFC)injury,the horizontal of the articular disc tear,injuries of ulnar styloid attachment and ulnar fovea attach-ment in TFC,ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral ligaments injuries,injury of the radial sigmoid notch junction,meniscal homologous inju-ry.The presence of TFCC injury was eventually confirmed by surgery in all patients.Results Of 46 patients,38 patients could be classified by Palmer,and there were 10 cases with type ⅠA,23 cases with type ⅠB,3 cases with type ⅠC and 2 cases with type ⅠD.A total of 8 patients were not suitable for Palmer type,and there were 3 patients with horizontal tears in the articular disc and 5 patients with meniscus homologous injuries.Conclusion The 3.0T MR can not only show various subtypes of Palmer classification,but also refine and supplement the classification based on the original classification,such as the injuries of ulnar styloid attachment and ulnar fovea attachment at the ulnar end of the articular disc,horizontal tear of the articular disc,meniscus homologous injury,etc.