Objective Comparing the rejection status between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy of renal transplantation,to find the effective monitoring of rejection.Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records.Results There was no statistical difference in the rejection rates of kidney transplantation after 1 year between different sources of kidney and immunosuppressive therapy(P>0.05).Blood pressure and body temperature can effectively monitor rejection.Conclusion To reduce the rejection rates of kidney transplantation,a good monitoring and nursing are necessary.

Objective To explore the risk factors in post-polypectomy hemorrhage in rectum and to discuss the appropriate interventions.Methods A total of 313 patients with 373 polypi were included in this study. The clinical data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results There were 313 patients with colorectal polypus curatively resected and 373 polypi in total.There were 11 (3.5％) patients subjected to post-polypectomy hemorrhage in rectum.Regression analysis showed that the independent risk factor of postpolypectomy hemorrhage in rectum was the hypertension of patients (P ＜ 0.01 ) and this hemorrhage had no significant correlations with patientg'ender,age,size of polypus,pathological characteristics and the methods of polypectomy.Conclusions Hypertension of patients is an independent risk factor in post-polypectomy hemorrhage.

Objective: To explore the screen related sedentary behavior among senior primary school students in Beijing and to analyze the influence of psychosocial determinants and nutrition related knowledge on the behavior. Methods: In January 2020, a total of 1 316 students in grade 4-6 from two primary schools in Beijing were selected. Information on video viewing (watching TV or playing video games), self efficacy, habit strength, nutrition related knowledge, outcome expectation and the capacity to persist toward goal attainment were collected through questionnaires. Disordered multi classification Logistic regression and random forest algorithm were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The frequency of screen related sedentary was 5.0 (3.0, 10.5) times/week, and the duration was 37.5(9.6, 97.5) min/d in senior elementary school children. The results of disordered multi classification Logistic regression showed that the capacity to persist toward goal attainment, nutrition related knowledge, habit strength, self efficacy and gender positively correlated with the frequency of screen related sedentary ( OR =1.6, 1.7, 4.9, 4.2, 1.5 ), while the nutrition related knowledge, habit strength, self efficacy, outcome expectations, grade and gender positively correlated with screen time ( OR =1.7, 5.6, 5.7, 1.6, 1.6, 1.7)( P <0.05). Random forest regression tree model showed that the top four influencing factors on screen related sedentary frequency were self efficacy, the capacity to persist toward goal attainment, habit strength and nutrition related knowledge and the top four influencing factors on screen time were self efficacy, outcome expectation, nutrition related knowledge, habit strength. Conclusion Screen related sedentary behavior is prevalent among senior primary school students in Beijing. Health education should be strengthened regarding influencing factors of screen related sedentary behavior.

Objective: The association of self efficacy, habit strength, goal intention and outcome expectation with the consumption of snack in senior primary school students were investigated, providing evidence for the application of psychosocial determinants based on Social Cognitive Theory in children s nutrition education. Methods: A total of 1 353 students, 10-12 years old, participated in this study. Participants completed questionnaires for assessing self efficacy, habit strength, goal intention, outcome expectation and snack consumption in January 2020. Results: Average times of snack consumption among primary school students were 5.0 (3.0, 8.5) times per week, and the snack intake were 4.0(0.9, 22.9)g/d. The outcome expectation score was -1.0(-2.0, -1.0 ) points, while the score of children s snack related selfefficacy was (4.3±0.9) points, habit strength score 1.0(1.0, 3.0) points, and the goal intention (4.2±1.2) points. Students with higher snack intake showed lower scores in outcome expectation, self efficacy and goal intention( t=-9.0, 6.8, 5.2, P <0.01). Logistic regression showed negative association between outcome expectation and self efficacy factors with snacking behavior( OR =0.7, 0.8, respectively), as well as positive association between habit strength and snacking behaviors( OR=1.3, P <0.05). Conclusion The evidence indicated that self efficacy, habit strength, goal intention and outcome expectation are associated with child s snack consumption, and can be used as theoretical foundation for child snack consumption education.

With the deepening of China′s healthcare reform, cost control of medical consumables has become an important means to alleviate the problem of " high medical cost" . Through analysis of the difficulties of medical consumables cost control and mechanism loopholes in such control, the authors proposed a whole-process control practice, in terms of assessment, procurement, use, supervision, assessment and evaluation, and recommend on formulating whole-process cost control measures at both government and hospital levels.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics and dynamic changes of serum neutralizing antibody response in patients with primary infection of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1).

METHODSSerum samples were obtained from the same patients with primary infection of DENV-1 within 2 weeks after symptom onset in 2006 and in 2010. A group-specific DENV NS1 capture ELISA-based micro-neutralizing test (ELISA-MNT) capable of detecting neutralizing antibodies against all the 4 serotypes of DENV was used to test the neutralizing antibody titers against DENV in the serum samples. The neutralizing antibody titers against a standard strain and 2 clinically isolated strains of DENV-1 were detected in serum samples collected in 2010.

RESULTSCross-reactive neutralizing antibody response against all the 4 serotypes of DENV was found in both of the serum samples collected in 2006 and 2010, but the samples collected in 2006 showed stronger cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses. The neutralizing antibody against DENV-2, rather than the anticipated DENV-1 antibody, had the highest titer in the samples collected in 2006, whereas the antibody against homologous DENV-1 had the highest titer in the samples obtained in 2010. The neutralizing antibody titers against the homologous DENV-1 was significantly higher in samples collected in 2010 (U=86.500, P=0.000), which also demonstrated significantly different neutralizing antibody titers against the 3 different strains of DENV-1 (Χ(2)=12.123, P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONThe production of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies between the 4 serotypes of DENV is a characteristic of DENV infection, particularly during early infection, but only the homologous neutralizing antibody increases obviously over time. The titers of the neutralizing antibodies against different strains, even of the same serotype, may differ distinctly.

Antibodies, Neutralizing ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Cross Reactions ; Dengue ; blood ; immunology ; Dengue Virus ; classification ; immunology ; Humans ; Neutralization Tests

Objective To investigate the value of preoperative platelet count (Plt) in predicting prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. Methods Clinical data of 399 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC in Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 1987 to December 1994 were analyzed retrospectively. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethics committee approval was received. Of the 399 patients, 356 cases were male, and 43 cases were female with age ranging from 21 to 78 years old and a median age of 48 years old. The relations between preoperative Plt and patients' gender, age, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), alpha fetal protein (AFP), cirrhosis, tumor encapsulation, tumor diameter, tumor number, vascular invasion and histological differentiation were observed. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of preoperative Plt:group 1 (<100×109/L, n=41), group 2 (100×109/L-300×109/L, n=321), group 3 (>300×109/L, n=37). Survival analysis of patients in 3 groups was conducted. The relations between preoperative Plt and clinicopathological parameters were compared using t test. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Survival prognosis was analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard model. Results Preoperative Plt was associated with HBsAg, AFP, and tumor diameter (t=2.069, 2.222,-3.911;P<0.05). The 5-, 10-, 15-year cumulative survival rates were 41.2%, 25.2%, 11.8%in group 1, 33.7%, 23.0%, 18.1%in group 2, and 11.4%, 8.6%, 5.7%in group 3 respectively. The survival rate in group 3 was signiifcantly lower than those in group 1 and group 2 (χ2=5.706, 11.361;P<0.05). Increasing preoperative Plt was an independent risk factor for postoperative prognosis. The prognosis in group 3 was poorer than those in group 1 and group 2 (HR=1.761, 1.845;P<0.05). Conclusions Increasing preoperative Plt is an independent risk factor for postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Patients with increasing preoperative Plt have poor prognosis.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ esophageal cancer and investigate the prognostic factors.Methods Medical record of 2 132 patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ esophageal cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy in 10 hospitals from January 2002 to December 2016 from were retrospectively analyzed.Among these patients,37.9％ of them were aged ≥ 70 years,33.9％ with neck and upper esophageal tumors and 66.1％ with middle and lower esophageal and borderline tumors.The median gross tumor volume (GTV) and lymph node gross tumor volume (GTVnd) was 41.6 cm3.Among them,32％ were stage Ⅱ] and 68％ were stage Ⅲ.A total of 723 patients received 3DCRT and 1 409 cases received IMRT.Patients received an equivalent dose in 2 Gy (EQD2) ≥ 60 Gy accounted for 86.1％,and 41.1％ of them received concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Results The median follow-up time was 60.8 months.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) of all patients was 73.9％,41.7％ and 32.6％,and the 1-,3-and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 62.2％,37.3％ and 32％,respectively.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age,primary tumor location,clinical stage,tumor target volume,EQD2 and concurrent chemoradiotherapy were the independent prognostic factors for OS.Age,primary tumor location,clinical stage,tumor target volume and EQD2 were the independent prognostic factors for PFS.The OS and PFS did not significantly differ among the low-risk,low-/moderate-risk,moderate-/high-risk and high-risk groups according to age≥70 years,tumor diameter＞5 cm,tumor volume ≥41.6 cm3 and stage Ⅲ (P＜0.001).After the propensity score matching (PSM) method,neither 3DCRT nor IMRT yielded significant advantages in OS or PFS (P=0.971;P=0.658).However,IMRT tended to yield survival benefits in low-risk patients (P=0.125).Conclusions Both 3DCRT and IMRT yield relatively high OS rate in patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ esophageal cancer.The prognosis model established in this investigation can properly predict the survival of patients.Low-risk patients tend to obtain survival benefits from IMRT.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of tumor length on the prognosis in stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with definitive radiotherapy and to evaluate the role of tumor length in clinical stage for non-operative ESCC patients.Methods The data of 2 086 ESCC patients who were treated with definitive radiotherapy from 2002 to 2016 in 10 hospitals (3JECROG) were analyzed.The effect of tumor length on overall survival (OS) was analyzed and stratified analysis of tumor length was done in different stages of ESCC.Results The median OS and median progression-free survival (PFS) time of the whole group were 25.6 months and 18.2 months respectively.The Cox multivariate analysis showed that treatment moda,aga,alinical stage and tumor length were independent prognostic factors.The median,1-,3-,and 5-year OS were 28.9 months,77.3％,45.0％,and 36.3％ versus 21.9 months,69.9％,37.9％,and 28.1％ for patients with ≤ 5 cm and patients ＞ 5 cm respectively (P＜0.05).For stage Ⅱ patienta,abe median OS were 42.1 and 38.9 months respectively in ≤ 5 cm group and＞5 cm group (P=0.303).And for stage Ⅲ patienta,abe median OS were 23.9 and 19.3 months respectively in ≤5 cm group and＞5 cm group (P＜0.001).The median OS with N1was 24.1 and 18.4 montha,aespectively in ≤5 cm group and＞5 cm group (P＜0.001).Conclusions The tumor length was an independent prognostic factor for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ patients treated definitive radiotherapy.The tumor length may be helpful in clinical staging of ESCa,aspecially for stage Ⅲ and N1.

Objective:To evaluate the survival and prognostic factors of radiotherapy in patient with Ⅳ stage esophageal squamous carcinoma treated with radiation or chemoradiation.Methods:The medical records of 608 patients with stage Ⅳ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who met the inclusion criteria in 10 medical centers in China from 2002 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival and prognostic factors of all patients at 1, 3 and 5 years were analyzed.Results:The 1-, 3-, 5- year overall survival (OS) rates was 66.7%, 29.5% and 24.3% in stage ⅣA patients, and 58.8%, 29.0% and 23.5% in stage ⅣB patients. There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P=0.255). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the length of lesion, treatment plan, planned tumor target volume (PGTV) dose, subsequent chemotherapy, and degrees of anemia, radiation esophagitis, radiation pneumonia were related to the prognoses of patients with Ⅳ stage esophageal carcinomas after radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PGTV dose ( OR=0.693, P=0.004), radiation esophagitis ( OR=0.867, P=0.038), and radiation pneumonia ( OR=1.181, P=0.004) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions:For patients with stage Ⅳ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, chemoradiotherapy followed by sequential chemotherapy is recommended, which can extend the total survival and improve the prognosis of the patients. PGTV dose more than 60 Gy has better efficacy.