Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined withsurface electromyography biofeedback training(ESW-sEMGBF)on post-traumatic elbow joint stiffness.Methods A total of 80 patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2021 were randomly assigned into control group(n = 40)and treatment group(n = 40)using a lottery method.The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment(including soft tissue release,joint mobilization,continuous passive motion and cold therapy),and the treatment group received conventional treatment combined with ESW-sEMGBF.Both groups underwent training once daily for five days a week over eight weeks.The visual analogue scale(VAS),active range of motion(AROM)of the elbow joint,and Mayo Elbow Performance Score(MEPS)were evaluated before and after treatment.Results After 8 weeks of treatment,significant improvements were observed in all outcomes for both groups.The treatment group showed better improvements in VAS scores,AROM,and MEPS after treatment compared with the control group(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.001).No side effects or adverse reactions were observed in either group after treatment.Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with surface electromyography biofeedback training effectively alleviated pain in patients with post-traumatic elbow joint stiffness,improved elbow joint function,and increased active range of motion of the elbow joint.