Objective: To investigate the enhancement effect of Xinjiang wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides (WARCP) as an adjuvant on ovalbumin (OVA) vaccine in mice immunized intramuscularly. Methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (5 per group), including 9 g/L NaCl group (blank control), OVA group (10 μg OVA), low dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+50 μg WARCP), medium dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+200 μg WARCP), high dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+400 μg WARCP), and aluminum adjuvant (Alum)/OVA group (positive control group, OVA+100 μg Alum). ICR mice were immunized intramuscularly and weighted. The OVA-specific antibodies and subtypes in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T cells subsets from spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry. Results: The medium-dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced IgG and IgG1 levels and increased early antibody levels (all P<0.05). The medium-dose WARCP/OVA group and the high-dose WARCP/OVA group significantly enhanced IgG2a levels (all P<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant comparing with Alum/OVA group (P>0.05). The low-dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells in spleen and CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, CD4⁺CD44⁺ T cells in lymph nodes (all P<0.05). The medium dose WARCP/OVA group and the high dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced the CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, CD4⁺CD44⁺ T, CD8⁺CD44⁺ T cells in spleen and CD8⁺CD44⁺ T cell in lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions Plant-derived WARCP as an OVA protein vaccine adjuvant can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity, and it is safe and reliable. The results in this study provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of WARCP.

Objective To compare the immunopotentiating effects of polysaccharides extracted from wild/cultivate Cistanehe deserticola (WCDPS/CCDPS) in Xinjiang. Methods ICR mice were subcu-taneously injected twice with different doses(low,medium and high) of WCDPS and CCDPS in combination with ovalbumin (OVA). OVA-specific antibody IgG,as well as IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, was determined by ELISA. OVA-specific lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT. Expression of CD4+T and CD8+T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Both WCDPS and CCDPS could significantly improve the production of OVA-specific IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a,promote the proliferation of OVA-specific lymphocytes and increase the expression of CD4+T and CD8+T cells(all P<0.05) with no significant difference between them at the same dosages (P>0.05). WCDPS and CCDPS had no influence on the body weight of mice after im-munization. Conclusion WCDSP and CCDPS could significantly enhance the OVA-specific humoral and cellular immune responses with no statistical difference and are characterized by high safety.

Objective To study the effects of aqueous extracts of cultivated Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (AECCD) on T cell responses and the duration of antibody response and to investigate its immunoen-hancing activities in mice. Methods Two batches of female ICR mice were used in this study with 30 from each batch. Each batch of mice was randomly divided into six groups (n=5). Low, medium and high doses of AECCD in combination with ovalbumin ( OVA) were used to set up three experimental groups, while 0. 9% NaCl, OVA alone and aluminium adjuvant were respectively used as blank, negative and positive controls. All mice were intramuscularly injected twice at an interval of two weeks. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ex-pression of T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and surface molecules of dendritic cells (DC). Indirect ELISA was used to detect IgG antibody levels. Results AECCD could significantly increase the percentage of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes in spleen (P<0. 05), up-regulate the expression of CD4+CD44+and CD8+CD44+effector T lymphocytes (P<0. 05), promote the secretion of IFN-γ in T lymphocytes and enhance the expression of CD40 and CD80 on the surface of DC (P<0. 05). ELISA results showed that high-dose AECCD could significantly prolong the duration of IgG antibody response induced by OVA (P<0. 05). Conclusion AECCD could en-hance the T lymphocyte immune response induced by OVA and keep it maintained at a high level, which might help to improve the body′s immune response.

Objective:To investigate the serum and follicular fluid levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c), leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1(LRG1) and the correlation with insulin resistance(IR) in non-ovarian etiology infertility patients and polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients with or without IR.Methods:Forty-nine PCOS patients and 66 infertility patients with non-ovarian etiology were collected in this retrospective study, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate IR, and were divided into control group( n=36), IR group( n=30), PCOS alone group( n=28) and PCOS-IR group(PCOS with IR group, n=21). The concentrations of serum, follicular fluid LRG1 and SREBP1c levels in each group were compared, and their correlation with relevant hormones and glycolipid metabolism were analyzed. Results:The levels of serum, follicular fluid LRG1 and SREBP1c in IR group, PCOS alone group and PCOS-IR group were significantly higher than those in control group; The PCOS-IR group showed a more significant increase in the levels of serum, follicular fluid LRG1 and SREBP1c( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum, follicular fluid LRG1 was positively correlated with body mass index, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting insulin(FINS), triglycerides(TG), and HOMA-IR( P<0.05). Serum, follicular fluid SREBP1c was positively correlated with body mass index, FPG, FINS, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, LH, total teststerone, DHEAS, FAI, and HOMA-IR( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum SREBP1c was a risk factor for PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusion:The serum and follicular fluid levels of LRG1 and SREBP-1c were elevated in PCOS patients, especially in those with IR. The elevated levels of serum and follicular fluid LRG1 and SREBP-1c may be associated with IR and glucose-lipid metabolism abnormalities in PCOS patients. Serum LRG1 and SREBP-1c levels may serve as new indicators for predicting IR, early diagnosis, and intervention in PCOS patients.