Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and treatment of Hoffa fractures.Methods Twenty patients with Hoffa fracture (24 condyles) were treated from January 2002 to April 2009.They were 14 men (18 condyles) and 6 women (6 condyles), aged from 20 to 70 years (average, 43. 3 years).There were 15 fractures of medial femoral condyle and 9 ones of lateral femoral condyle. Two rare cases were fractures of unilateral bi-condyles and one rare case fractures of unilateral bi-condyles plus contralateral single condyle. Four fractured condyles were old due to implant failure and 20 were fresh. According to the modified Letenneur's classification, there were 6 condyles of type Ⅰ, 4 condyles of type Ⅱ and 14 condyles of type Ⅲ.Fifteen condyles were fixed anteroposteriorly with 2 to 4 cancellous or canulated screws, 8 condyles were fixed posteroanteriorly with 2 to 4 screws, and one condyle was fixed with K wires. Five condyles were fixed with screws plus lateral supporting plates, and 3 condyles with screws plus posterior anti-sliding plates. Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months (6 to 84 months) . All the 24 condyles obtained bony union after an average of 18. 6 weeks (from 12 to 44 weeks). There was no infection, implant failure, nonunion or bone necrosis. According to Letenneur's functional assessment system, 16 condyles were excellent, 6 good and 2 poor, with a good-to-excellent rate of 91. 7%. Conclusions All Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws. Screw diameter, fixation direction and surgical incision should depend on facture type and size of fracture block. Unstable Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws combined with lateral supporting plates or posterior anti-sliding plates.

Objective To evaluate the surgical method and results of the treatment of chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon using V Y tendinous flap. Methods Nine cases with old rupture of the Achilles tendon, with a mean course of illness of 112 days, were treated with V Y tendinous flap and the tendon gap was 3.2～ 6cm,averaging 4.6cm. Results The mean period of follow up was 2.7 years. The Arner Lindholm method was used to assess the results of surgical treatment, 7 cases of the 9 had excellent results (77.8% ) and 2 cases had good results (22.8% ), with the excellent and good rate being 100% . Conclusion The V Y tendinous flap is a simple and good method for treatment of old rupture of the Achilles tendon.

Objective To study the surgical therapy and pre vention of the complications of the d istal femoral fractures.Methods From 1999to 2001,348patients with d istal femoral fractures were treate d oper-atively.Screw,DCP,condylar blade plate,DCS,condylar buttress plate and antegrade interlocking nail were used.Results13internal fixations failed,and 8c ases received second bone graft for d elayed union.Infection occurred in 14cases,late limb shortening(1～4cm)in 18cases,and 52cases underwent re leasing operations because the flexion of the knee was le ss than 90?.Conclusion An operation can get good results in t reatment of the distal femoral fractures.[

Objective To explore the anti-sliding plating for Hoffa fractures by comparing the me-chanical properties of anti-sliding plates and cancellous bone screws. Methods Twenty cases of the same type of Hoffa fracture in the model femur were randomly divided into 4 even groups. Group A used 2 antegrade cancellous bone screws; Group B used 2 retrograde cancellous bone screws forwards; Group C used anti-sliding plate and locking screw fixation; Group D used anti-sliding plate and cancellous bone screw fixation. All the samples were subjected to the cycle fatigue and the maximum failure load tests. Results The fatigue test revealed no significant difference in the mean maximum displacements at the 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 cycles between the 4 groups. In the maximum failure load test, there were significant differences between Group A [(1224±72) N] and Groups C and D [(2183±227) N and (2124±235) N], as well as between Groups B [(1405±235) N] and Groups C and D; there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B, neither between Group C and Group D, Conclusions In the initial period after secure fixation for Hoffa fractures, anti-sliding plates and cancellous bone screws can all provide satisfactory mechanical stability and strength. But anti-sliding plating is recommended for cases of long healing expected, patients with great body mass index, and patients with poor compliance.

Objective To analyze factors influencing the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and discuss the prevention and treatment of DVT in hip fracture patients. Methods The present study enrolled 531 patients who received surgery between June, 2008 to June, 2010 for hip fractures. They were 242 men with a mean age of 56. 2 years and 289 women with a mean age of 65.2 years. There were 336 femoral neck fractures, 183 femoral intertrochanteric fractures, and 12 femoral subtrochanteric fractures. The associations between DVT incidence and fracture type, plasma D-Dimer, sex, age and preoperative duration of immobilization were statistically analyzed. Inferior yens cava filters were used for patients who suffered DVT while surgery was performed. Results The total incidence of DVT was 10. 4% in this series. DVT occurred in 21 cases of femoral neck fracture, 34 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture and 0 case of femoral subtrochanteric fracture. All DVT events happened before surgery. DVT incidence had no significant associations with age or sex (P =0. 347 and 0. 376, respectively), but did with plasma D-Dimer, fracture type and preoperative duration of immobilization (P = 0. 002, 0. 017 and 0. 037, respectively). All the 55 DVT patients underwent a successful surgery. Conclusions The DVT incidence in hip fracture patients may have no significant associations with age or sex, but may do with plasma D-Dimer, fracture type and preoperative duration of immobilization. Inferior vena cava filters can ensure a successful internal fixation of the fracture and an uneventful postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To introduce a new CT classification system we designed for Hoffa fractures and compare the interrater reliability between the CT and X-ray classification systems.Methods A total of 20 isolated Hoffa fractures from January 2008 to December 2011 were randomly selected for the present analysis of their imaging data (anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the knee joint and three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the femoral condyle).At the same time,a total of 20 independent observers (clinicians with junior,intermediate and senior professional qualifications) were selected for classification of the Hoffa fractures in the same manner respectively according to the Letenneur's X-ray system and our self-designed CT system.We used Kappa statistics to evaluate the interrater reliability among the clinicians between the 2 classification systems for Hoffa fractures.Results According to the CT classification of the 20 Hoffa fractures by the 20 clinicians,type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ fractures accounted for 66.0％,30.5％ and 3.5％ respectively.In type Ⅰ fractures,type Ⅰb involving zone b accounted for the most (50.0％),next by type Ⅰc(31.0％) and type Ⅰa (19.0％).In type Ⅱ comminuted fractures,fracture fragments were mostly seen in zone b.The overall incidence of fractures involving zone b by CT classification was 67％.According to the X-ray classification,type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ fractures accounted for 31.4％,14.3％,28.0％ and 26.3％,respectively.The interrater reliability for CT classification agreement (Kappa =0.681) among clinicians was higher than that for X-ray agreement (Kappa =0.261).Conclusion For Hoffa fractures,communicated ones in particular,our CT classification system may be better than the X-ray classification system.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total saponins from Coreopsis tinctoria. METHODS:Etha-nol leaching technology was adopted. Based on single factor test,the extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test using extraction temperature,ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,solid-liquid ratio as factors,extraction rate of total saponins as in-dex. The optimized technology was validated. RESULTS:The optimal technology was that ratio of solid to liquid was 1:30 (C. tinctoria-60% ethanol),extracting for 2 h at 50 ℃. Validation test showed that average extraction rate of total saponins was 6.8%(RSD=0.85%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized technology can be used for the extraction of total saponins from C. tinc-toria and keep stable.

Objective To evaluate the necessity and safety of implanting temporary vena eava fihers to prevent pulmonary emboli in patients of lower extremity fractures concomitant with acute deep venous thrombosis(DVT). Methods A total of 782 patients with lower extremity fractures were complicated with DVT perioperatively. Among them, 91 received temporary vena cava filters implantation before orthopedic operations for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. All patients were followed up post-operation. Results Vena cava filters were successfully implanted in 89 patients. Mean implantation time was 27 days (range from 14 to 42 days). Thrombus trapped within the filters were found in 78 patients (87.6%) after the filters removal. Eight-two filters (92.1%) were retrived successfully at the first attempt as scheduled. Seven filters(7.9%) with big trapped thrombi were removed at the 2nd attempt after additional thrombolytic therapy. No patients needed a permanent filter. No fetal pulmonary embolism (PE) or other major complications were detected during the three to six months follow-ups period. Conclusion Temporary vena cava filter can reduce the incidence and mortality of pulmonary embolism as well as the occurrence of mid- or long-term complications in lower limb fracture patients complicated with DVT.

One hundred patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were randomly assigned to the medication group (n=38) or combined therapy group (n=62). The quality of life was investigated through the questionnaire before and after 6 months' therapy. Data showed that there was statistically significant difference between the two groups in physical, social, and emotional functions, and self-recognized health status (19.0±9.1 vs 6.6±4.8, 10.0±6.9 vs 3.8±3.3, 6.6±3.2 vs 3.0±1.8, and 11.4±7.6 vs 5.3±3.4) ( all P<0.05 ). Combined therapy could significantly improve the quality of life in RA patients.

Objective To explore the changes of expression of platelet PECAM-1,P-selectin in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods The platelet expression levels of PECAM-1,P-selectin in 35 patients with acute cerebral infarction were serially measured with whole blood flow cytometry 24,48 hours and 5,7,14 days after the onset,and were compared with those of 30 normal controls.Results The platelet expression levels of PECAM-1 and P-selectin in patients with cerebral infarction 24 hours after the onset(78.35?10.48,7.75?3.04 respectively)were higher than those of controls(48.89?10.84,2.18?0.83 respectively,all P