Mechanical stress plays an important role in bone growth and bone remodeling. It causes stretch stress and fluid shear stress (FSS), which can be sensed by mechanosensory cells, e.g. osteocytes and osteoblasts, and further induce changes of gene expression in those cells. The FSS is thought to be the main cause in this process. However, up to now, it is still not clear what signals are triggered in the mechanosensory cells cultured in vitro and how the FSS exactly affects the expression of specific proteins. Evidences have shown that Ca2+ signaling pathway, Cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin E2 pathway, protein kinase A/protein kinase C (PKA/PKC) pathway, and drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) protein pathway may be the key players in osteoblast differentiation by FSS. The precise mechanism involved in mechanotransduction and signal transduction remains to be elucidated. The present review gives a brief summary on the effects of these signaling pathways on the differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro under FSS, to get the message of the present situation of the research on the stress transmission and signal transduction influencing osteoblast molecular activity, and to provide reference for further study on its specific mechanism.
Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism ; Shear Strength ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 after microwave irradiation and its correlation with blood-brain barrier integrity. Methods A total of 160 male Wistar rats were divided into a sham radiation group and a radiation group. The radiation group was subdivided into three sub-groups treated with micrewaves at average power densities of 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2. Rats in each group were sacrificed and their brain tissue sampled at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Evans blue ( EB ) dye, laser confocal microscopy,Western blotting, RT-PCR and image analysis were used to test the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of JAM-1 in protein and at the gene level in the rats' hippocampus and cortex. Results There was an increase of EB in the hippocampus 3 to 14 days after 10 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation. The EB level increased progressively in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It also increased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. In the hippocampus, EB was observed only in the lumens of the blood vessels in the sham group, but EB had diffused out of the blood vessels in the irradiated groups by the 3rd day after irradiation. After 10 or 30 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation, JAM-1 protein in the hippocampus and cortex decreased significantly within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It decreased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. The expression of JAM-1 mRNA in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation at all power levels, but it recovered within 7 days in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the expression of JAM-1 in the hippocampus and cortex. The degree of decrease is positively correlated with the microwave radiation power. The change might involve increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-11) and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation.Methods 140 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:20 mice in healthy control group,60 mice in mere irradiation group,30 mice in IL-11 treatment group and 30 mice in curcumin treatment group.The mere irradiation group mice were wholly exposed to 3 Gy neutron irradiation.The treatment groups mice were intraperitoneally enterocoelia once a day for 5 d after irradiation.The mortality of the mice were observed.The mice in the control and mere irradiation groups were killed 6 h,1,3,and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively,and the mice of the 2 treatment groups were killed 3 and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively and the samples of jujunum were colleted.HE staining,argyrophilic of nucleaolar organizer regions staining,Feulgen staining,and image analysis were used to observe the pathology and levels of argyrophilic proteins and DNA.Results The mice in the mere irradiation group all died at 5 d post-irradiation,while 2 mice in the IL-11 treatment group and 3 in the curcumin group survived.Large area necrosis and exfoliation were found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa of the mere irradiated group mice since 6 h to 3 d after irradiation.Crypt cell regeneration was seen occasionally found 3 days later and much more 5 days later.Crypt cell regeneration was obviously found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa and lots of new villi were observed 5 d after irradiation in both treatment groups,however,the amounts of crypt cells and new villi of the curcumin treatment group were less than those of the IL-11 treatment group.The contents of AgNOR and DNA in the intestinal epithelial cells 5 days after irradiation of the 2 treatment groups were all significantly higher than those of the mere irradiation group (F = 0.015-0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) but without significant differences between them.Conclusions Jejunal damage in mice could be induced after 3 Gy neutron irradiation.rhIL-11 and curcumin might reduce the damage and promote the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium.

To investigate the effects of IL-5 on the expression of TGF-β1 in eosinophils in vitro, eosinophils were incubated in the presence of the same concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFNγ, different concentrations of IL-5 in vitro and changes of eosinophil viability were assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Non-cytokine was employed as a negative control. 16 h after the cultivation, supernatants and cells were assayed by using TGF-β1 specific ELISA and RT-PCR. The mRNA expression and protein expresssion of TGF-β1 in eosinophils stimulated with different cytokines was observed.The expression of TGF-β1 protein in eosinophils was increased significantly by IL-4 (433.67±9.86vs 228.9±2.87) and IL-5 (403. 72±7.60 vs 228.9±2.87, P＜0.05), while decreased by IFNγ (178.47±2.60 vs 228.9±2.87). At the same time, the results demonstrated that the basal level of TGF expression was enhanced by IL5 in all samples (P＜0.05). The expression of TGF β1 mRNA was 1.42, 1. 70, 1. 76-folds higher than that of the non-stimulated controls. It is concluded that IL-5 can up-regulate the expression of TGF-β1 in eosinophils in vitro, which might have effect in eosinophil-associated chronic rejection.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the number of sentinel regional lymph node (SALN) and non-sentinel regional lymph node (NSALN) metastasis in patients with early breast cancer after sentinel regional lymph node (SALN) biopsy.Methods:Retrospectively selected 400 female patients with early breast cancer who underwent SALN biopsy at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2016 to July 2021, and summarized and analyzed their clinical case data. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the count data between groups. Perform single-factor analysis on the research indicators, then screen out indicators with statistically significant differences, then perform multi-factor Logistic regression analysis, draw a receiver operating characteristic curve, and combine the area under the curve to establish a predictive model.Results:SALN biopsy was performed in 400 patients with early breast cancer. A total of 1 504 lymph nodes were detected in 320 cases of total mastectomy, with an average of 4.7, 47 cases of macrometastasis, and 2 cases of postoperative macrometastasis. The false negative rate was 4.3%. Among 400 cases, 67 cases were positive for SALN, and the positive rate was 16.75% (67/400). The results of univariate analysis showed that the number of tumor thrombus in the vessel, the number of positive SALN and the metastasis of NSALN were closely related ( χ2=8.775, 16.53, P=0.003). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of tumor thrombi and SLN-positive ≥3 in the vessel were independent predictive risk factors for NSLN metastasis ( OR=16.149, 95% CI: 3.016-86.473, P<0.001; OR=31.76, 95% CI: 5.242-192.43, P<0.001). SALN positive was closely related to NSALN metastasis, but as the number of SALN detected increases (more than 6) and when only 1 to 2 SALN was positive, the probability of NSALN metastasis was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive number of SALN and intravascular tumor thrombolus were closely related to NALN metastasis. SALN positive number ≥3 was the most important independent predictor of NSALN metastasis. The recurrence risk of sentinel lymph node can be reduced by increasing the number of SALN detected, when 1-2 positive sentinel lymph node are detected and the number of sentinel lymph node detected >6, axillary lymph node dissection can be exempted as appropriate.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of workplace loneliness, job burnout and conscientiousness in teachers of special education. METHODS: A total of 344 teachers of special education from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as study subjects by judgment sampling method. The questionnaires of Workplace Loneliness Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Conscientiousness Scale of Big Five Inventory were used to conduct the survey. The mediating role of job burnout in workplace loneliness and conscientiousness was analyzed. RESULTS: The total score of workplace loneliness was 32.6±8.3. The median total score of job burnout and conscientiousness was 31.0 and 30.6 respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the dimensions of job burnout were positively correlated with the total score of workplace loneliness and all its dimension scores, and negatively correlated with conscientiousness score(P<0.01). The degree of explanation for the change of workplace loneliness and job burnout on conscientiousness were 9.0% and 17.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: Job burnout plays a partial mediating role in workplace loneliness and conscientiousness in teachers of special education. Reducing workplace loneliness and job burnout can help improve the conscientiousness of teachers of special education.

Objective    To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septal (TGA-IVS) after left ventricular regression by comparing the characteristics of rapid and long-term two-stage arterial switch operation (ASO). Methods    Forty-one patients who were mainly diagnosed with TGA-IVS from January 2007 to January 2019 and underwent two-stage ASO were included. They were divided into a rapid two-stage ASO group (19 patients) and a long-term two-stage ASO group (22 patients) according to the interval of left ventricular training surgery and ASO. The clinical effectiveness of the two groups was compared. Results    There was a statistical difference in age, body weight, blood oxygen saturation before ASO, end diastolic diameter of left ventricle before training, and thickness of posterior left ventricular wall before ASO (P<0.05). Children older than 1 year was an independent risk factor for long-term two-stage ASO. Conclusion    Long-term two-stage ASO is suitable for children who are older than 1 year and who have severe left ventricular regression.

A 12-year-old girl with double outlet of right ventricle, complete atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, single atrium, inferior vena cava-hemiazygos vein drainage and left isomerism, who had undergone surgical left superior vena cava-pulmonary artery connection was referred to our hospital. Echocardiography revealed thickening, crimping and malalignment of common atrioventricular valve, moderate-to-severe regurgitation mainly from the left side and the main pulmonary artery was poorly developed. We preserved the autologous valve and used the 31# mechanical mitral valve which was sutured to mitral annulus. After the main pulmonary artery was transected, proximal end was sutured and a 20# Gore-tex artificial vessel was anastomosed to the distal end of the main pulmonary artery. We excised hepatic vein from the right atrium which was then anastomosed to another artificial vessel. Postoperative oxygen saturation was 95%-100%. Echocardiography and CT showed that the function of mechanical valve and heart was good before discharge. Common atrioventricular valvuloplasty is the preferred choice of the management of impaired valve. However, when dysfunction of valve is too severe and valvuloplasty is more likely to fail, the risk of barely performing a valvuloplasty will increase dramatically. On this condition, the mechanical valve replacement should be performed.

Objective     To summarize the characteristics of children diagnosed with secondary subaortic stenosis after the surgical closure for ventricular septal defect and explore its potential mechanism. Methods     We retrospectively collected patients aged from 0 to 18 years, who underwent ventricular septal defect closure and developed secondary subaortic stenosis, and subsequently received surgical repair from 2008 to 2019 in Fuwai Hospital. Their surgical details, morphological features of the subaortic stenosis, and the follow-up information were analyzed. Results     Six patients, including 2 females and 4 males, underwent the primary ventricular septal defect closure at the median age of 9 months (ranging from 1 month to 3 years). After the first surgery, patients were diagnosed with secondary subaortic stenosis after 2.9 years (ranging from 1 to 137 months). Among them, 2 patients underwent the second surgery immediately after diagnosis, and the other 4 patients waited 1.2 years (ranging from 6 to 45 months) for the second surgery. The most common type of the secondary subaortic stenosis after ventricular septal defect closure was discrete membrane, which located underneath the aortic valve and circles as a ring. In some patients, subaortic membrane grew along with the ventricular septal defect closure patch. During the median follow-up of 8.1 years (ranging from 7.3 to 8.9 years) after the sencond surgery, all patients recovered well without any recurrence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Conclusion     Regular and persistent follow-up after ventricular septal defect closure combining with or without other cardiac malformation is the best way to diagnose left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in an early stage and stop the progression of aortic valve regurgitation.