Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Diversion ; adverse effects ; Urinary Fistula ; diagnosis ; etiology

To analyze and discuss placebo-related information in clinical research literatures in the past 30 years, including placebo's dosage form, ingredients, preparation process and quality control. Effort were made to research the CNKI. full-text database to preliminary find 700 placebo-related clinical research literature, screen out 301 eligible articles by hand, read the literatures to extract placebo-related information and make statistics and discussions. According to the results, Chinese randomized placebo-controlled clinical studies were characterized by diverse dosage forms of placebo with lack of reports for components, as evidenced by the only 17 literatures describing placebo's preparation or specific composition among the 301 literatures. Placebo-controlled clinical trials covered a wide range of disease spectra, but with a specific tropism of diseases in terms of system classification. Although placebo plays a key role in blinded clinical studies, researchers made less records of placebo, perhaps because they paid less attention to placebo or more attention to the research process or restricted by other objective conditions. Moreover, placebo production, quality control and quality evaluation also need to be further standardized.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Placebo Effect ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; history ; standards

Objective:To discuss the management principles and skills for treatment of intractable ureterostenosis under ureteroscope.Methods:Our management experience on 19 patients with intractable ureteral stenosis was retrospectively analyzed.The 19 cases included urological TB-caused multiple ureteral stenosis,oncothlipsis to ureters from intestinal tract or gynecology,restenosis 3 months to 12 years after pelviureteric junction plasty,operative site stenosis after ureterolithotomy. double ureter back flow accompanied by stenosis,ureter imperforation after renal parenchyma lithotomy without placing double"J",ureter imperforation 3 months after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy due to ureterolith,tubal bladder stoma stenosis after renal transplantation,restenosis after tubal bladder stoma due to distal ureterostenosis,and so on.All the patients were treated under ureteroscope.The management methods included:the Wolf 8/9.8 CH12?and Wolf 6/7.6 CH5?ureteroscope was used as a dilator to dilate the stenoses:balloon expanding under ureteroscope was used to dilate the stenoses;the ureter pliers was used to expand the stenoses to different directions;the cold knife was used to open the stenoses;if the diameter of stenoses were smaller than the that of the ureteroscopes,F4.5 or F3 double"J"tubes were inserted guided by a wire under ureteroscope; and 2 or 3 weeks later,a larger tube or two tubes were introduced into the stenoses already dilated partly by the former tube. Results:Ureteroscopic method failed in treating 2 patients in our group and succeeded in treating all the other patients.The outcomes of patient were fine during 9 months to 3 years'follow-up.Conclusion:It is difficult to treat patients with intractable ureterostenoses.With good experience in manipulation of ureteroscope,the flexible application of several techniques according to the different conditions of different patients can guarantee successful treatment in most patients.

This study is to investigate the treatment of Jin Chai antiviral capsule for influenza virus FM1/47 (H1N1) infection. The model of pneumonia was established by dropping influenza virus into the nose of normal mice, real-time PCR and Western blot technique were used to detect the virus load and the interferoninducible transmembrane protein3 (IFITM3) in lung of mice at the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day after affected. The results showed that Jin Chai antiviral capsule in large, middle, small dose groups can decrease virus load significantly at each time point, after being affected (P<0.05, P<0.01), Jin Chai antiviral capsule can increase the interferoninducible transmembrane protein3 in lung of mice, large dose groups are significantly higher in expression of IFITM3 compared with model group at each time point (P<0.05, P<0.01). Middle dose groups are significantly higher in expression of IFITM3 compared with model group at the 3th day and the 5th day (P<0.05), small dose groups are significantly higher in expression of IFITM3 compared with model group at the 3th day (P<0.05). It can be concluded that Jin Chai antiviral capsule exerts antiviral effects against influenzavirus by raised expression of IFITM3.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; metabolism ; virology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pneumonia ; metabolism ; virology ; Viral Load ; drug effects

This study is to investigate the treatment of YinQiaojiedu soft capsule for influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) infection. The model of pneumonia was established by dropping influenza virus into the nose of normal mice, and the lung index and death rate were observed. Real time RT-PCR and Western blotting technique were used to detect the virus load and the relative expression of M1 protein in lungs of mice on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after infection. The results showed that YinQiaojiedu soft capsule in 1 g x kg(-1) and 0.5 g x kg(-1) dose groups can decrease the lung index significantly on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after being infected (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the number of death in the two groups of animals decreased significantly. YinQiaojiedu soft capsule in 1 g x kg(-1) dose group can decreased virus load at each time point, and lower it in 0.5 g x kg(-1) dose group at the 3rd, 5th and 7th day (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). YinQiaojiedu soft capsule can decrease the relative expression of M1 protein in lungs of mice, 1 g x kg(-1) and 0.5 g x kg(-1) dose groups are significantly lower in expression of M1 protein compared with model group at the 3rd and 7th day (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It can be concluded that YinQiaojiedu soft capsule exerts antiviral effects against influenza virus by downregulating expression of virus load and M1 protein.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Lung ; metabolism ; virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; virology ; Pneumonia ; metabolism ; virology ; Viral Load ; drug effects ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism

It is to investigate the effect of two kinds of Houttuynia Cordata Injection on preventing and treating H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Pneumonia model was set up by intranasal infection of the normal and immunocompromised mice with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. The two injections were administered before and after the administration of virus, separately, and the lung index was observed. The results showed that the two preparations have obvious therapeutic effect on normal mice infected with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. And to FM1, the new injection's effect is better at small dosage. The results also showed that the two preparations have obvious prophylactic effect on immunodepressed mice infected with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. And to PR8, the old injection's effect is better at small dosage. Houttuynia Cordata Injection can improve the mice pneumonia caused by influenza virus H1N1 and decrease the lung index markedly. It has a remarkable preventive and therapeutic effect on H1N1 influenza virus in mice.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; Immunocompromised Host ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; immunology ; Injections ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation

In order to discover the mechanism of Xuebijing oral effervescent tablet (XBJOET) to treat infectious diseases, the effect of XBJOET on endotoxin induced rabbit fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was investigated. Auricle microcirculation in rabbit was detected by laser speckle blood perfusion imager system; coagulation function was measured by coagulation analyzer, fibrinolytic system was quantified by Elisa assay and micro thrombosis in tissues was observed with HE staining under light microscope. The results demonstrated that the body temperature of rabbit decreased significantly at 1-3 h after administration with 4.8, 2.4 and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET to endotoxin induced DIC rabbit model, the auricle microcirculation blood flow in model group (54.45 +/- 14.53) PU was lower than that in control group (77.18 +/- 12.32) PU. The auricle microcirculation blood flow increased markedly and there was significant difference between model group and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET group. There was significant difference between model group and control group in the content of PAI1 and FIB. The PAI1 levels in model and control groups were (30.48 +/- 2.46) ng x mL(-1) and (20.93 +/- 3.25) ng x mL(-1), respectively. The FIB levels in model and control group were (3.34 +/- 1.09) g x L(-1) and (4.84 +/- 1.10) g x L(-1), respectively. The content of PAI1 in rabbit plasma decreased notably, there were significant differences between model group and 4.8, 2.4 g x kg(-1) XBJOET groups. On the contrary the content of FIB increased. XBJOET possessed pharmacological activities of curing infectious fever and DIC, the mechanism of which is related to amelioration of microcirculation disturbance, inhibition of fibrinolytic system activation and coagulation and micro thrombosis elimination.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Body Temperature ; drug effects ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; blood ; chemically induced ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ear Auricle ; blood supply ; Endotoxins ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; blood ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Tablets ; Thrombosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the effectiveness and safety of 80-W GreenLight laser vaporization and GreenLight high-performance system (HPS) 120-W laser vaporization for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in high-risk patients.

METHODSWe allocated 290 high-risk patients with BPH to two groups to receive 80-W (n = 220) and HPS 120-W GreenLight laser vaporization (n = 70). We recorded and compared the pre-, intra- and post-operative clinical data of the two groups.

RESULTSThe operations were successful in both of the groups. There were statistically significant differences in the prostate volume, IPSS, Qmax and PVR before and after surgery (P < 0.01), but not between the two groups (P > 0.05). The operation time, lasing time and energy consumption were (56.5 +/- 22.6) min, (31.2 +/- 10.3) min and (159.8 +/- 29.0) kJ in the 80-W group, as compared with (45.1 +/- 20.4) min, (24.6 +/- 8.3) min and (134.2 +/- 23.3) kJ in the 120 W group, with significant differences between the two (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of BPH, and the new HPS 120-W laser therapy, with its advantages of easier operation and shorter surgical time, is an even better minimally invasive option for elderly high-risk patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is considered the first treatment of choice for local prostate cancer due to its minimal invasion advantage. To further achieve the goal of minimal invasion, single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been developed to minimize the complications associated with puncture tracks. The aim of this study was to illustrate the technique for single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and evaluate its efficacy and safety. We reported 8 cases of radical prostatectomy with excellent early outcome carried out in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from June 2009 to August 2009 using a home-made multiple instrument access port and adding an additional small incision at McBurney point.
Aged ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective::To compare the protective effect of different bile (porcine bile, oxgall and sheep bile) and their Arisaema cum Bile on rats with acute lung injury, so as to provide reference for the selection of bile and the classification of decoction pieces of Arisaema cum Bile. Method::Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=12), including blank group, model group, porcine bile group, oxgall group, sheep bile group, Arisaema cum Bile with porcine bile group, Arisaema cum Bile with oxgall group and Arisaema cum Bile with sheep bile group. Rats in each treatment group were given corresponding drug solution by gavage at 2.52 g·kg^-1 every day, and rats in the model group and the blank group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage every day for a total of 8 days. On the 8^th day, after 1 h of administration, rats in the model group and each treatment group were intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg·kg^-1) to prepare rat lung injury model. Blood and lung tissues were collected from every four rats at 3, 6, 24 h after LPS injection, respectively. Lung coefficient, lung water content and wet weight/dry weight ratio of lung tissue (W/D) were measured, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in serum and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lung tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological morphology of rat lung tissue was observed and the score of lung tissue injury was calculated. Result::Compared with the model group at the same time point, the lung coefficient, W/D, lung water content, contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and TXB₂ in serum, contents of MDA and MMP-9 in lung tissue of rats in each treatment group were all decreased, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were all increased, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). The oxgall group and the sheep bile group were superior to the porcine bile group in most of the indexes, the Arisaema cum Bile with oxgall group and the Arisaema cum Bile with sheep bile group were superior to the Arisaema cum Bile with porcine bile group, and some of them had significant differences(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Each bile group and each Arisaema cum Bile group all have protective effects on rats with acute lung injury induced by LPS, and the therapeutic effect of oxgall and sheep bile is better than that of porcine bile, the therapeutic effect of Arisaema cum Bile prepared by oxgall and sheep bile is better than that of Arisaema cum Bile prepared by porcine bile.