Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the contribution of gyrA and parE detection in Ureaplasma genotyping.Methods Sixty Ureaplasma isolates were selected with the Mycoplasma IST kit.The gyrA and parE were amplified by PCR.The DNA was sequenced and compared with the corresponding sequences in GenBank.Results The nucleotide sequence of gyrA had 100% identity in serovar 1,3,6,14 and 100%identity in serovar 2,4,5,7～13,too.But the sequence had 91%identity between the two groups.The nucleotide sequence of parE had 98%～99% identity in serovar 1,3,6,14.And it had 100% identity in erovar 2,5,7,8,11 and 100% identity in serovar4,12,13.But it had only 90% identity between the two groups.Ureaplasma parvum(Up),Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)and Up+Uu infection were found 68.3%(41/60),21.7%(13/60)and 10%(6/60) of clinical specimens,respectively.In Up isolates,serovar 3 was 48.8%(20/41).Conclusion Ureaplasma can be divided into two genotypes(Up and Uu)by gyrA analysis.And Up can be divided into four subtypes which correspond to serovar 1,3,6,14,respectively.Serovar 3 is the main isolate in our research.

Background Dominant eye is one of the functional asymmetric organ,and the dfference between dominant eye and undominant eye is a researching hotspot.But the study about accommodation in adult myopia is less.Objective This study was to determine the association between ocular dominances and accommodative factors in the subjects with adult myopia.Methods This study used prospective descriptive research method.Thirty-five subjects aged from 18 to 35 years with the myopia ranged from-2.00 D to-10.00 D and anisometropia less than 1.5 D,BCVA≥ 1.0 were recruited consecutively in this study.Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-inthe-card test and thumb test.Refractive error was measured with objective and subjective optometry,and amplitude of accommodation was measured by push-up test.Fusion cross cylinder(FCC) was used to measure the accommodative lag,and flipper test was applied to determine the accommodative facility.Oral informed consent was obtained from each subject before any relevant examination.Results No significant differences were found in the amplitude of accommodation (D),accommodative facility (cpm) and accommodative lag (D) between the dominant eye and undominant eye (accommodative amplitude:9.69 D±2.30 D vs.9.60 D±2.37 D,P =0.294 ;accommodative facility: 11.08 D±4.20 D vs.10.63 D± 4.60 D,P=0.260;accommodative lag:P=0.141).In the patients with the right eyes as dominance eyes,the accommodative amplitude of both eyes were (9.48±2.29) cpm and (9.33 ± 2.49) cpm,and accommodative facility were (10.50 ± 4.70) cpm and (9.99 ± 4.90) cpm.There were no significant differences between the right and left eyes in the accommodative amplitude,accommodative facility and accommodative lag (P =0.319,0.116,0.590).In the patients with the left eyes as dominant eyes,the accommodative amplitude of both eyes were (9.91±2.35)D and (9.88±2.26) D,and accommodative facility were (10.70±3.77)cpm and (11.25 ±4.27) cpm.No significant differences were seen between the right eyes and left eyes in the accommodative amplitude,accommodative facility and accommodative lag (P =0.749,0.295,0.238).Conclusions The amplitude of accommodation of the dominant eye is not significantly enhanced,and less accommodative lag and better accommodative facility also are found in the demonstrate eye in myopia adults with low anisometropia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the better therapy in the treatment of ganglion.

METHODSNinety cases of ganglion were randomized into a two-way quintuple puncture group, a common quintuple puncture group and a fire needling group, 30 cases in each one. In the two-way quintuple puncture group, the "9-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was used. In the common quintuple puncture group, the traditional "5-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was applied. In the fire needling group, the traditional multiple fire needling technique was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 3 treatments made one session and the efficacy was analyzed statistically after 1 session treatment in the three groups.

RESULTSAll of the three therapeutic methods achieved the efficacy on ganglion. The curative rate was 96. 7% (29/30) in the two-way quintuple puncture group, which was better obviously than 66.7% (20/30) in the common quintuple puncture group and 60. 0% (18/30) in the fire needling group (both P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe two-way quintuple puncture technique achieves the remarkably superior efficacy on ganglion as compared with the common quintuple puncture technique and fire needling technique.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Astragalus-Angelica Mixture (AAM) on osteopontin (OPN) expression in rats with chronic nephrosclerosis.

METHODSChronic nephrosclerosis model rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injection of puromycin were randomly divided into the model group, AAM group and Irbesartan (an antagonist of angiotensin) group. The experimental course lasted 12 weeks. Blood and urine samples were examined by biochemical method. Kidney tissue was taken for pathological stain and immunohistochemical method and was applied to examine OPN expression, mononuclear macrophage, laminin in extracellular matrix and decorin expressions.

RESULTSAAM showed the effects of decreasing urinary protein and improving renal function similar to that of Irbesartan. It also could alleviate the pathological damage of kidney tissue, especially in decreasing renal tubular mesenchymal damage index. The accumulation of decorin and laminin in the mesenchymal extracellular matrix significantly decreased. Renal tubular OPN expression and mesenchymal infiltration of mononuclear macrophage decreased significantly and in a positive correlated manner (r = 0.885, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAAM has similar renal protective action to that of Irbesartan, this action may be related to the inhibition of up-regulated OPN expression.

Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nephrosclerosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Osteopontin ; Phytotherapy ; Puromycin ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sialoglycoproteins ; biosynthesis

The isolate GN52 of Riemerrella anatipestifer was passaged on the Martin Medium successively according to the optimum condition. The experiments included Gram staining, biochemical test, drug sensitivity test and animal experiments were carried out on the bacteria of 3rd, 11th, 21st, 31st, 41st, 51st and 61st generations. It indicated that the bacterial morphs, biochemical character, drug resistance of the strain had no obvious change, but the virulence showed a trend of reduction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of dried whole plants of Artemisia annua.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of NMR data with those reported in literature.

RESULT15 compounds were isolated and identified to be 5-O-[(E)-Caffeoyl] quinic acid(l), 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(2), 4 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(3), 3, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), methyl-3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(6), methyl-3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(7), 3,6'-O-diferuloylsucrose(8), 5'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyjasmonic acid(9), Scopoletin(10), scoparone (11), 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyl-6-methoxyacetophenone (12), chrysosplenol D (13), casticin (14), chrysosplenetin(15).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 6, 8 and 9 are obtained from the Artemisia genus for the first time. Compounds 7 and 15 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Silica Gel

1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) is one of the main active compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have high affinity toward template molecules synthesized by molecularly imprinted technology for its specific combined sites, which can overcome the shortcoming of traditional separation methods, such as complex operation, low efficiency, using large quantity of solvent and environmental pollution. In this paper, surface molecularly imprinted polymer (SMIP) was prepared by surface imprinting with PGG as the template molecule. Its adsorption capacity was measured by the scatchard equation. The separation of PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule at preparatived scale was achieved with molecularly imprinted polymer as stationary phase and the purity was 90.2% by HPLC. This method can be used to prepare PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule with large capacity and is easy to operate. It provides a new method for efficient separation and purification for other natural products.
Adsorption ; Capsules ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Imprinting ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-complementary phenolic acids from Lonicera japonica.

METHODThe anti-complementary activity-directed isolation was carried out with the hemolysis test as guide. All isolation was evaluated for their in vitro anti-complementary activities. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR data.

RESULTFourteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of L. japonica extracts, including 8 phenolic acids: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), chlorogenic (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), caffeic acid (7) and methyl caffeate acid (8); 3 iridoids: secologanoside (9), sweroside (10) and secoxyloganin (11); and 3 flavonoids: luteolin (12), quercetin (13) and kaempferol (14). Compounds 1-9 and 11-14 showed anti-complementary activity in different extents and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4) exhibited the most significant activity against the classical pathway.

CONCLUSIONCompound 14 is obtained from this plant for the first time, phenolic acids are the main anti-complementary constituents of L. japonica and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(4) is a potential complement inhibitor with strong activity, which worthy to be studied further in the future.

Complement Inactivating Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lonicera ; chemistry

Huperzine A is a potent,reversible,and blood-brain barrier permeable acetylcholinesterase irhibitor.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics,tolerability,and bioavailability of two formulations with the established reference formulation of huperzine A in a fasting,healthy Chinese male population.This was a randomized,single-dose,3-period,6-sequence crossover study.The plasma concentrations of huperzine A were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Tolerability was assessed based on subject interview,vital sign monitoring,physical examination,and routine blood and urine tests.The mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference drug were Cmax,1.550 (0.528) ng/mL;t1/2,12.092 (1.898) h;AUC0-72h,17.550 (3.794) ng.h/mL.Those of the test formulation A and test formulation B were Cmax,1.412 (0.467),1.521 (0.608) ng/mL;t1/2,12.073 (2.068),12.271 (1.678) h;AUC0-72h,15.286 (3.434) ng.h/mL,15.673 (3.586) ng.h/mL.The 90％ confidence intervals for the AUC0-72h and Cmax were between 0.80 and 1.25.No adverse events were reported by the subjects or found with results of clinical laboratory test.The test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting,healthy Chinese male volunteers.All three formulations appeared to be well tolerated.