Objective To analyze coverage rote and quality of edible salt in Qinghai province,and to provided scientific basis for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods According to the sampling and detection methods in the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program(Trial),37 counties(cities,districts) were randomly selected in 2010.Twenty percent of the 37 counties(cities,districts),that was 6 counties (cities) were selected as key sites for monitoring of iodized salt.Quantitative determination of salt iodine was done by direct titration method(GB/T 13025.7-1999) in random monitoring,and semi-quantitative assay was used to monitor salt iodine in key sampling.Results A total of 10999 edible salt samples were tested.Among them,10525 were qualified iodized salt,269 unqualified iodized salt,and 205 non-iodized salt.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.14％(10794/10999),the rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.51％(10525/10794),the rate of edible qualified iodized salt was 95.69％ (10525/10999),and the rate of non-iodized salt was 1.86％ (205/10999).In the 6 key monitoring counties,salt samples of 1800 were tested.Among them,1712 were qualified iodized salt,88 non-iodized salt,and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.11％(1712/1800),and the rate of non-iodized salt was 4.89％(88/1800).The rates of non-iodized salt in Geermu city,Wulan county,and Jiuzhi county were 10.00％ (30/300),6.33％(19/300),5.33％(16/300),respectively.Conclusions Despite remarkable progress has been made in control of iodine deficiency disorders in Qinghai province,there are still some problems in some areas.We should establish law enforcement agencies of iodized salt and perfect sales network,perfect iodized salt network management,and strengthening health education.

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin on experimental interstitial fibrosis. Methods Experiments on rat 5/6 nephrectomy chronic renal failure model and primary cultured renal interstitial fibroblast cells were conducted in this study. The cell proliferation, extracellular matrix, c-fos mRNA expression of rat interstitial fibroblasts were measured by MTT assay, immunohistochernitry, semi-quantitative reverse-transcript PCR methods, respectively. Results Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine of treated group were significantly reduced by simvastatin as compared with controls. No statistical significance in BUN was observed between untreated and simvastatin-treated rats. Histological examination revealed that simvastatin caused a reduction in the glomeruli with sclerosis. Tubulointerstitial injury paralleled the degree of glomerular damage. Simvastatin in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the proliferation of renal intersititial fibroblasts, decreased the secretion of lamimn( LN), and suppressed the expression of c-fos mRNA, as compared with normal controls. No obvious effect on hyaluronic acid( HA) secretion of fibroblasts was found. Conclusions Simvastatin is anti-proliferative in interstitial fibroblasts and decreases the secretion of laminin. This effect is exerted, at least in part, via inhibition of the c-fos and c-jun-dependent mitogenic pathway. Simvastatin may prevent interstitial fibrosis development and attenuate renal damage in uremic rats with hvperlipidemia.

Objective To compare the effect of transthoracic contrast echocardiography (cTTE) with transesophageal contrast echocardiography (cTEE) for detecting right to left shunt (RLS) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods The prospective study was conducted in 29 consecutive patients with PFO who suffered from cryptogenic stroke and/or migraine. Contrast echocardiography was performed in all 29 patients. The cTTE was performed using transducer with second harmonic imaging modality (transmitting frequency 1.7 MHz, receiving frequency 3.4 MHz). The cTEE was performed using transducer with frequency 7 MHz. Ten milliliter saline solution of contrast were rapidly administrated through an antecubital vein. According to whether microbubble (MB) appearing in left atrium after complete opaciifcation of right atrium within the ifrst 3 circles, the results were classiifed by a four-level semi-quantitative categorization:Level 1 (no PFO-RSL), no MB in left atrium; Level 2 (small PFO-RSL) 1-10 MBs; Level 3 (medium PFO-RSL) 10-30 MBs;Level 4 (large PFO-RSL)>30 MBs. Results The total detection rate of PFO-RSL was signiifcant different between cTTE and cTEE (86.2%vs 55.2%,χ2=5.711, P=0.017). In cTTE there were 4 cases at level 1, 1 case at level 2, 5 cases at level 3 and 19 cases at level 4. In cTEE there were 13 cases at leverl 1, 2 cases at level 2, 6 cases at level 3 and 7 cases at level 4. The comparison of semi-quantitative grading derived from cTTE and cTEE was also signiifcant different (Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed Z=-3.789, P=0.000). Conclusions The efifciency in detection of PFO-RLS with cTTE was better than with cTEE. Compared with cTEE, cTTE was easier in practice and brought less discomfort and complications to patients.

In this study, pEGFP-N1 was chosen as the reporter plasmid and transferred into Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells by electroporation, and the optimal electroporation conditions were determined by testing the transfection efficiency with different voltages, pulse times, plasmid amounts, and numbers of shocks. The results showed that the maximum electroporation efficiency was achieved under the following conditions in a 0.2 cm electroporation cuvette containing CIK cells (1.5 x 10(7)/mL, 200 microl): electric voltage 200 V, pulse time 45 ms, plasmid 30 microg, and one electric shock. The total genomic RNA of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) was extracted in this experiment and reversely transcribed into cDNA, which was used to amplify the gene segment of GCRV non-structural protein NS26 using designed specific primers. The PCR product was recombined into pEGFP-N1 vector. The fusion protein EGFP-NS26 was successfully and efficiently expressed in the CIK cells by electroporation, which was confirmed by both fluorescent imaging and Western blot analysis. This experiment laid a foundation for further functional studies of the non-structural protein NS26 of GCRV.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyprinidae ; Electroporation ; Fish Diseases ; virology ; Gene Expression ; Kidney ; virology ; Reoviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Reoviridae Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Dental Porcelain ; Dental Prosthesis ; methods ; Tooth Preparation

Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection (UTI)so as to provide evidence for appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. Methods From January 2001 to December 2008 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital,4683 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from urine samples were detected by ATB system;drug susceptibility test was performed with disk diffusion method and pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance was analyzed with WHO NET 5.3 software. Results Among 4683 strains of pathogenic bacteria,most was gramnegative bacilli,accounting for about 77.8%,of which predominant strain was Escherichia coli (68.7%,3217/4683).The predominant strain of gram-positive bacteria was Enterococcus faecalis,accounting for 10.0%(468/4683).Escherichia coli showed hish resistance rotes to ampicillin,piperacillin and compound snlfamethoxazole(SMZ-TMP),which were 76.6%,61.7%and 57.4%respectively,while a low resistance to imipenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam,Enterococcus faecalis showed high resistance rates to erythromycin,gentamicin and levofloxacin,which were 65.8%,43.2%and 31.1%respectively,and were most susceptive to vancomycin and teicoplanin, both with resistance rates of 0. The susceptibility rate of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem was 100%. From 2006 to 2008, the detection rate of extend-spectrum β-lactamases ESBLs -producing Escherichia coil in outpatient increased year by year, from 28.7% to 43.3% (P＜0.05), whereas no significant change was found in inpatients. The detection rate of (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coil in inpatients was significantly higher than that in outpatients (P＜0.05).The detection rate of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coil was 23.6%. The antimicrobial resistance rate in elderly patients was significantly higher than that in overall antimicrobial resistance rote (P＜0.05). Conclusions The predominant bacteria of UTI are still gram-negative bacteria, main of which is Escherichia col. Bacteria are resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Approximate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice should be made on the basis of susceptibility test results.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main pathogen of severe hand-foot-mouth disease. As the characteristics and the pathological mechanism of EV71 gradually become clear, the therapeutic strategies of EV71 infection are clarified. Acting on specific target can directly interfere the process of EV71 infection, while regulating the host immune can clean the virus, ease inflammation and protect uninfected cells. In addition, some cytokines like interferon with both broad-spectrum antiviral function and immune regulation are used in clinical. In addition, drug combination could enhance the antiviral effect and reduce toxicity and drug resistance. At present, most of the therapeutics are still in pre-clinical phase, while only a few are in clinical application. This article reviews the different types of EV71 infection treatment strategies and methods recently reported, in order to provide help for further research on anti-EV71 infection.

The aim of the study was to observe osseointegration of dental implants in osteoporotic rats. Rats were randomly divided into groups A(SHAM) and B(OVX), and pure titanium screws were implanted in the distal half of the right femurs. 1 5 and 3 months after implantation, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed and right femurs were observed by X ray photography, scan electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. The results showed that 1.5 and 3 months after implantation, the osseointegration index (OI) of group A was higher than that of group B. But the OI of each group was almost the same at different intervals. 1 5 months after implantation, the amount of new bone formation in group A was more abundant than that in group B, and it increased in group A but decreased in group B 3 months after implantation.The results confirmed that with higher BMD osseointegration was better. Osteoporotic changes could decrease OI and the amount of new bone formation at implant bone interface in rats. Osseointegration would not improve without outside factors.

Objective To study the possible role of bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP 7) in the TGF ?1 induced tubular epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) of cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. Methods The normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line (HK 2) was cultured for three days on plastic plates in the presence or absence of recombinant TGF ?1 and BMP 7. The alterations in the phenotype were assessed by phase contrast microscopy. Transdifferentiation of tubular cells into myofibroblasts was assessed by immunofluorescence, with monoantibodies to alpha smooth muscle actin (? SMA), vimentin and cytokeratin respectively. The expression of ? SMA of HK 2 cells was measured by flowcytometry. The expression of ? SMA mRNA of HK 2 cells was assessed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results Treatment of HK 2 cells with BMP 7(50 and 100 ng/ml) for 24～48 hours increased cellular proliferation. The culture of HK 2 cells in the presence of TGF ?1 induced a clear fibroblast like morphology, a loss of the epithelial marker cytokeratin and de novo expression of ? SMA and vimentin. Immunofluorescence staining showed the addition of various concentrations of BMP 7 to subconfluent cells for 24 and 48 hours, and the expression of ? SMA and vimentin was decreased. There was an increase in the percentage of cells expressing ? SMA with TGF ?1, which was completed inhibited by an addition of BMP 7(P

By functional plates,16 strains which can produce?-mannana-se were isolated frnm 28 Bacillus spp.Using a pair of degenerated primers,the conserved fragments of?-mannanase gene from the selected strains were amplified by PCR.The obtained nucleotide fragments were sequenced and compared with the homologous?-mannanase genes in GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was generated.Comparing to the genes coding?-mannanase published,the cloned nucleotide fragments show the highest sequence identity between 62% and 98%.The genes coding fnr?-mannanase of Bacillus circulus have low identity while the?-mannanase genes of Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus spp. have high identity.