As a member of G protein coupled-receptors superfamily, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), is also known as GPR40, has been shown to regulate numerous pathophysiological processes in a variety of tissues and organs. The activated FFAR1 has a variety of biological functions. For instance, it can not only regulate metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, but also play an important role in immune inflammatory response, it may be a potential drug target for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the recent researches of FFAR1's action in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, its molecular mechanism and new agonists development. At the same time, this review will take the discovery of series FFAR1 agonists as examples, and display the applied prospects of FFAR1.

According to the principle of evidence-based medicine (EBM), Chinese medical literatures based descriptive statistical analysis of common Chinese medical syndrome types were performed. By data extraction, standardization, and frequency calculation of disease names and syndrome types from 286 literatures in line with the inclusion criteria, the frequencies of diseases and syndromes were obtained to analyze common syndrome types in clinical practice, to analyze the distribution features of disease related syndromes and syndrome related diseases, to analyze the distribution of basic Chinese medical syndrome types in clinical common diseases as a whole, thus providing reference for clinical and basic researches.
Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To evaluate the application of 43-plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the foren-sic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no signifi-cant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.2901-0.6544, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.1708-0.5000, 0.1557-0.5935, 0.0854-0.2500 and 0.0146-0.1250, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999986 and 0.9924361, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of abdominal acupuncture plus Chinese medication in treating ureteral calculus. MethodA total of 106 patients with ureteral calculus were randomized into an abdominal acupuncture group (53 cases) and a medication group (53 cases). The abdominal acupuncture group was intervened by abdominal acupuncture plus medication, with Shuifen (CV9), Xiawan (CV10), Jianli (CV11), Zhongji (CV3), Guanyuan (CV4) and Qihai (CV6) selected as the major points. The removal of stones and the release of pain were observed in the two groups, and the efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The two treatment methods both effectively improved the pain and promoted the removal of stones; the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were significantly changed after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05). The time taken to mitigate and release pain was significantly shorter in the abdominal acupuncture group compared to the other group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 88.7% (47/53) in the abdominal acupuncture group, superior to 73.6% (39/53) in the medication group (P<0.05).ConclusionAbdominal acupuncture plus medication can effectively mitigate pain, promote the removal of stones and reduce patient's sufferings in treating ureteral calculus.

OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritic effect of gentio-picroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall using an animal model of adjuvant induced arthritis. METH-ODS Adjuvant arthritis was induced in fifty SD male rats,which were randomly divided into five groups (n=10):control(0.5% CMC-Na)group,AIA(rats with CFA)group,dexamethasone(1 mg·kg-1)group, gentiopicroside(50 mg·kg-1)group,and gentiopicroside(100 mg·kg-1)group.Rats were administered intragastrically with drugs or CMC-Na once a day for a period of 2 weeks.Paw swelling,arthritic index, histological changes were assessed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect.Weight growth,spleen and thymus indexes were also investigated in.RESULTS Gentiopicroside at dose of 100 mg·kg-1significantly inhibited the secondary paw swelling(P<0.05)and arthritis index(P<0.05),decreased synovial inflammatory infil-tration, synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion. Furthermore, gentiopicroside showed no immunosup-pressive adverse effects in body weight, index of spleen and thyums compared with dexamethasone administration (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Gentiopicroside possessed anti-arthritic efficacy in AIA rats without immunosuppressive effects.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on cardiac function and mortality rate in septic rats.

METHODSFifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a sham-operation group (sham group, n=10), normal saline group (NS group, n=20), and TMP group (n=20). The rats in the NS and TMP groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Rats in the NS group were injected with NS (10 mL/kg) immediately after CLP and 6 h after CLP. Rats in the TMP group were injected with TMP (10 mg/kg) at the same time points. Twenty-four hours after modeling, the mortality rates were observed in each group. Cardiac function and serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also tested. The correlation between TNF-α and the ejection fraction (EF) was observed. Left ventricle specimens were reserved for histomorphologic study.

RESULTSCompared with the sham group, the NS and TMP groups had decreased EF values and increased mortality rates and serum TNF-α levels (P <0.05). The TMP group had a comparatively lower mortality rate and TNF-α level and a higher EF value compared with the NS group (P <0.05). Histomorphology indicated that myocardial inflammation in the TMP group was mild compared with that in the NS group. There was a negative correlation between TNF-α level and EF value (r=-0.583,P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONTMP could reduce the mortality rate of septic rats and had certain protective effects on cardiac function.

Animals ; Heart Function Tests ; drug effects ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sepsis ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Stroke Volume ; drug effects ; Survival Analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUNDA wealth of evidence has indicated that labor epidural analgesia is associated with an increased risk of hyperthermia and overt clinical fever. Recently, evidence is emerging that the epidural analgesia-induced fever is associated with the types of the epidural analgesia and the variations in the epidural analgesia will affect the incidence of fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia with 0.075% or 0.1% ropivacaine on the maternal temperature during labor.

METHODSTwo hundred healthy term nulliparas were randomly assigned to receive epidural analgesia with either 0.1% ropivacaine or 0.075% ropivacaine. Epidural analgesia was initiated with 10 ml increment of the randomized solution and 0.5 µg/ml sufentanyl after a negative test dose of 5 ml of 1.5% lidocaine, and maintained with 7 ml bolus doses of the above mentioned mixed analgesics every 30 minutes by the patient-controlled epidural analgesia. The measurements included the maternal oral temperature, visual analog scale pain scores, labor events and neonatal outcomes.

RESULTSEpidural analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine could significantly lower the mean maternal temperature at 4 hours after the initiation of analgesia and the oxytocin administration during labor compared with the one with 0.1% ropivacaine. Moreover, 0.075% ropivacaine treatment could provide satisfactory pain relief during labor and had no significant adverse effects on the labor events and neonatal outcomes.

CONCLUSIONEpidural analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine may be a good choice for the epidural analgesia during labor.

Adult ; Amides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Analgesia, Epidural ; adverse effects ; Analgesia, Obstetrical ; adverse effects ; Body Temperature ; drug effects ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

Objective To develop an animal model of minimal persistent inflammation(MPI)in allergic rhinitis guinea pigs and to investigate its significance.Methods Sixty male Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups:group A(positive control group),B(MPI model group),C(negative group) and D(bland group)respectively,with fifteen animals in each group.Guinea pigs from group A,B and C were sensitized intraperitoneally by injection of suspension of ovalbumin(OVA)and aluminum hydroxide in 0.9%physiological saline.Then,repeated local booster sensitization with different concentration of OVA suspension(1%and 0.01%)or physiological saline into the nasal cavity of those guinea pigs were performed.For group D,physiological saline was used only.Symptoms(sneezing)of guinea pigs after intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1)in the nasal epithelial cells were also examined.Results When challenged with l%OVA.the sneezing number of guinea pigs in group B was increased markedly than that in group D(P<0.05).However,there was no difference between group B,A and C(P>0.05).When challenged with 0.01% OVA,the symptom of snee~ng almost disappeared in group B just like that in group D and there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Besides,there was still more EOS infiltrated in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs in group B than that in group D(P<0.05).There was no expressed in group B.Condusions MPI models have been established successfully through long term challenge with lower density of OVA in the sensitized guinea pigs.which will provide us witll a new method for further research in the mechanism and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To establish an animal model of minimal persistent inflammation(MPI)of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs and to investigate the changes of nasal mucosa.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9)were discussed. Methods Thirty male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups:MPI model group and control group randomly,with fifteen animals in each group.Guinea pigs from MPI model group were sensitized intraperitoneally by injection of suspension of ovoalbumin(OVA)and aluminum hydroxide in 0.9%physiological saline.Then.repeated local booster sensitization with low concentration of OVA suspension into the nasal cavity was performed to establish MPI models.Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff(AB-PAS)staining and Masson's trichrome(MT)staining were used to determine the number of goblet cells and collagen deposition within the basement membrane of epithelium.The expression and distribution of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in nasal mucosa were estimated by double immunofluorescence under a confocal laser scan microscopy system.Results Compared with the control group,the increased goblet cells(t=13.720,P＜0.05)in nasal epithelium together with the increased collagen fibrils(t=4.542,P＜0.05)within the basement membrane of epithelium were observed in the MPI model group.There was nearly no expression of TGF-β1 in the control group and the expression of MMP-9 was only found in the epithelium cell.In contrast,there was significantly higher expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9(t=25.218,P＜0.05)in nasal mucosa of MPI model group than that in control group.TGF-β1 mainly expressed in the epithelium cell,the infiltrated inflammatory cell and extracellular matrix,while MMP-9 expressed in the epithelium cell and the infiltrated inflammatory cell.Conclusions Long time MPI in allergic rhinitis resulted in some changes of tissue remodeling in nasal mucosa.TGF-β1 and MMP-9 may play an important role in disease progression.

Objective To probe into the level and influencing factors of community stroke patients′health behaviors so as to provide evidence for health guidance of community stroke. Methods The health promoting lifestyle profile ( HPLPⅡ) and self-designed general information questionnaire were conducted in 200 stroke patients in the community in 2013 July to 2014 March, and the results of surveys had been analyzed. Results Stroke patients with HPLP Ⅱ score was (121. 43 ± 13. 71) score, and 74% patients had unhealthy lifestyle. The influencing factors of health behavior were gender, education background, income, BMI, smoking, regular diet and regular check-up. Conclusions Stroke patients were in poor health behavior level, so the medical care personnel should focus on patients with smoking, diet, not regular recheck and other bad habits according to different gender, education and income to promote their lifestyle.