The paper is aimed to establish a method of residue analysis for thiamethoxam and to study its degradation dynamic and final residue and its standard of safe application of thiamethoxam on Lonicera japonica. Samples extracted with methanol by ultrasonication were purified with dichloromethane by liquid-liquid extraction and SPE column and analysed by HPLC-UV. The results showed that average rate was 84.91%-94.44% and RSD 1.74%-4.96% with addition of thiamethoxam in respectively diverse concentration, which meets inspection requirement of pesticide residue. Two kinds of dosages of thiamethoxam were treated- varying from recommended dosage (90 g x hm(-2)) to high dosage (135 g x hm(-2)), Results of two years test showed that thiamethoxam was degraded more than 90% seven days after application and the half - life period of thiamethoxam was 1.54-1.66 d. The digestion rate of thiamethoxam was fast in the L. japonica. The recommended MRL of thiamethoxam in the L. japonica is 0.1 mg x kg(-1), the dosage of 25% thiamethoxam WDG from 90-135 g x hm(-2) is sprayed less than three times a year on L. japonica and 14 days is proposed for the safety interval of the last pesticide application's and harvest's date.
Agriculture ; methods ; standards ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; parasitology ; Half-Life ; Insect Control ; methods ; standards ; Insecticides ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; growth & development ; parasitology ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Oxazines ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Plant Diseases ; parasitology ; prevention & control ; Thiazoles ; adverse effects ; chemistry

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(SPJ)on cancer cach-exia in mice with colon adenocarcinoma. Methods BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with mu-rine colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells to induce ca-chexia. The model animals were randomly divided into three groups: model group, SPJ low dose group and high dose group. Gavage started on the 4th day after inoculation, and the dosage regimen was as follows:the normal and model groups were given 10 mL·kg-1 saline, qd ×27; the low dose and high dose groups were treated with 20 and 60 mg·kg-1SPJ respective-ly, qd ×27. After treatment, the effects of SPJ on body weight, tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle,spleen and epididymal fat changes of cachexia mice were observed. HE and Western blot were used to measure the changes of cross section of gastrocnemius muscle fibers and the expression of NF-κB,PAX7 and MuRF1 protein level in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle. Results Compared with model group, the administration of SPJ could effectively re-duce the weight loss (P <0.05), increase muscle mass (P<0.05) and decrease muscle tissue degrada-tion in cachexia mice. Meanwhile,SPJ significantly re-duced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum (P <0.05) and decreased the expression of NF-κB. Con-clusion SPJ can improve cancer cachexia in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The potential mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB mediated in-flammatory factor expression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the regional anatomy of the rectum including the perirectal fasciae and spaces.

METHODSTwenty-one cadavers (15 males and 6 females) were embalmed and their vessels were visualized by injection with color dye. From the cadavers, 30 hemipelvis and 6 three-quarter pelvis were harvested. The perirectal fasciae and spaces and the pelvic autonomic nerves were dissected and examined.

RESULTSThree tissue layers were dissected from the inside to the periphery including the proper rectal fascia enveloping the mesorectum, the presacral fascia, and the piriformis fascia fused with the sacral periosteum. The mesorectum comprised 2 parts with the classical posterolateral fat covered by the proper rectal fascia posteriorly and the anterior fat covered by the posterior layer of Denonvilliers fascia anteriorly. Extending anteriorly to the anterior layer of Denonvilliers fascia, the presacral fascia bisected the space between the mesorectum and the piriformis fascia into the retrorectal space and the presacral space. The retrorectal space extended cranially to the left retrocolic space, anterior to the space between the 2 layers of Denonvilliers fascia(prerectal space).

CONCLUSIONSFrom the inside to the periphery, the proper rectal fascia, the presacral fascia, and the muscular fascia are distributed in an annular pattern around the mesorectum. The presacral fascia divides the perirectal space into 2 annular parts, the central retrorectal space and the peripheral presacral space. The retrorectal space is the ideal surgical plane for total mesorectal excision.

Adult ; Aged ; Cadaver ; Fascia ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesocolon ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; anatomy & histology ; Rectum ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effect on sudden deafness between acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of excitation-focus transfer and routine medication.

METHODSEighty cases of sudden deafness were randomly divided into two groups, 40 cases in each one. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy of excitation-focus transfer was adopted in observation group on Yongquan (KI 1) (with reducing and slightly heavy manipulation), Tinggong (SI 19), Tinghui (GB 2) and Ermen (TE 21), and associated with suspending moxibustion for thermal sensitization on Yongquan (KI 1). In control group, the routine medications were given. The therapeutic effects of two groups were compared with each other.

RESULTSAfter three sessions of treatment, dB value of hearing loss in two groups decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the improvement of hearing in observation group was superior to that in control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 80.0% (32/40) in observation group, which was better than that 55.0% (22/40) in control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture and moxibustion therapy of excitation-focus transfer presents superior therapeutic effect on sudden deafness as compared with the routine western therapy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Young Adult

To characterize the genomic sequence and arrangement of WU polyomavirus (WU virus) identified in clinical specimens collected from children with acute respiratory infections in Beijing, China, the sequences of capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and the large tumor antigen (LTAg), as well as the 5'-terminal sequence of WU virus, were amplified from the clinical specimen with ID number of BJF5276 which was determined as WU virus positive by PCR amplification. The PCR amplicons were sequenced, and genomic sequence analysis was performed by using the software DNAStar. In addition, VP2 coding-region sequences were amplified from other 21 clinical specimens identified as WU virus positive to investigate the gene diversity of WU virus. The genomic sequence of WU virus BJF5276 with accession number of HQ218321 in GenBank was 5,229 base pairs in length with 3 major coding domain sequences (CDS) sited on one strand coding for capsid proteins VP2, VP3 and VP1, and two CDS sited on the complementary strand coding for small tumor antigen (STAg) and LTAg; These 22 VP2 CDS sequences including 5 sequences submitted to GenBank were compared with 64 corresponding sequences downloaded from GenBank by MegAlign of DNAStar software, indicated that these sequences coming from children in Beijing shared high homology (over 98.8%) with those from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these VP2 CDS by using Neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses with 2,000 bootstraps (Mega 4.0) showed that 20 sequences out of 22 belonged to clade Ia, and other 2 of them belonged to clade III, including 1 clustered in IIIa and 1 in a novel cluster proposed as IIIc. In conclusion, the genomic sequence of WU polyomavirus detected from clinical specimens from children in Beijing is closely related to other WU polyomaviruses in the feature of genomic coding region arrangement. Overall variation of VP2 CDS was very low, and there were different clades circulating in Beijing with a dominant clade Ia, which is different from dominated Ib circulating in other parts of the world reported previously, and a novel clade IIIc was proposed.
Acute Disease ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polyomavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of infrared radiation (IR) on the skin scald in rats.

METHODSThirty-nine male Wistar rats were used in the study, and they were randomly divided into normal control (C, n = 13), scald (S, n = 13, no treatment after scalding) and treatment (T, n = 13, with IR radiation treatment for 5 days since 2nd post scalding day (PSD) groups. The rats in S and T groups were subjected to deep partial thickness scalding on the back. The cutaneous tissue samples from rat wound in each group were harvested on the 3rd and 7th PSD for pathomorphological examination. DNA synthesis in wound tissue was analyzed by 3H-TdR incorporation method, and the vascular permeability in cutaneous tissue, degree of tissue edema and MDA content were determined by corresponding methods.

RESULTSEpidermal exfoliation, cutaneous ulcer, follicular atrophy and damage, and massive formation of collagen were identified in the skin wound of rats in S group on the 7th PSD compared with C group. The skin in T group was smooth with slight atrophy and a few collagen fibers in follicles. The 3H-TdR incorporation amount in the rats in T group (1856.33 +/- 343.81 cpm/mg) on the 7th PSD was significantly higher than that in S group (1353.95 +/- 274.48 cpm/mg) (P < 0.01). The tissue permeability, edema degree and MDA content in the cutaneous tissue in S group were obviously higher than those in group C, while these indices were markedly lower in T group when compared with those in S group (P < 0.01-0.001).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with IR seemed to be beneficial to the promotion of skin tissue metabolism and tissue repair.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Infrared Rays ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVEThe present study was designed to explore the practical application of the rapid etiological diagnosis by detecting specific IgM antibody against common respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI).

METHODClinical specimens including nasopharyngeal aspirates and serum of acute phase from hospitalized children were collected from 207 infants and children with acute lower respiratory infections from March 2009 to September 2010. Seven common respiratory virus antigens were identified from the collected nasopharyngeal aspirates by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). ELISA was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB and PIV, while indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB, PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3 in collected acute phase serum.

RESULTThe overall positive rates to detect viral antigen by using DFA, ELISA and IFA was 67.6%, 57.5% and 39.6%, respectively. The consistent rate of ELISA and IFA versus accepted DFA were 21.7% and 31.4%, respectively. The average days from onset of the symptoms to blood sample collection for those with the consistent results by ELISA and DFA were 12.0 d for ADV, 9.6 d for PIV2, 9.5 d for IFV, and 5.3 d for RSV, respectively, and by IFA and DFA were 15.0 d for PIV3, 9.2 d for ADV, and 7.4 d for RSV, respectively. Among all age groups, the consistent rate of serum viral IgM and antigen detections was highest in children younger than 3 years old.

CONCLUSIONAlthough there were differences between serum IgM antibody and viral antigen detections, specific IgM antibody detection was of value in early and rapid etiological diagnosis of pediatric ALRI, especially for young children. It could provide serologic evidence of respiratory virus infection. The diagnostic rate of pathogen could be improved if it was used in combination with viral antigen diagnostic methods.

Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The aim of this study was to obtain the capsid protein VP2 of human bocavirus (HBoV) identified in Beijing recently and construct virus-like particles (VLPs) in insect cells for further study of this virus. The full-length VP2 gene of HBoV from BJ3722 was inserted into the baculovirus expression transfer vector (pFastBac 1) to obtain the recombinant Bacmid, and generation of recombinant baculoviruses was followed by transfection of the recombinant Bacmid into insect cells. Then the recombinant VP2 protein was recognized by SDS-PAGE using Coomassie-blue staining and Western blot using hyper-immune serum against VP2 of HBoV from rabbit. The recombinant baculoviruses were harvested and amplified to gain large amounts of viruses with high titers to infect insect cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0. 5. After 7-10 days or 4-5 days of the infection, the supernatants of culture or the cell lysates treated with lysing solution were harvested, and ultracentrifuged twice through 40% sucrose cushion to obtain purified VLPs, which were followed by Western blot and IFA for VLPs' composition and specificity analysis, by electron microscopy for VLPs' morphologic structure. The recombinant VP2 protein with molecular weight of approximately 61 kD expressed in recombinant baculoviruses was recognized by SDS-PAGE using Coomassie-blue staining and Western blot. The presence of VP2 on VLPs was demonstrated by Western blot and IFA from samples collected during the purification of VLPs from the supernatants of culture or the cell lysates, and the expression of VP2 in insect cells led to the formation of VLPs which formed the typical icosahedral appearance of parvoviruses with a diameter of approximately 20 nm. In conclusion, the recombinant baculoviruses were constructed, the HBoV VP2 protein was expressed in insect cells with high specific antigenicity and VLPs was formed successfully.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spodoptera ; Virion ; genetics ; metabolism ; ultrastructure

Objective To establish and evaluate the predictive value of the risk prediction model for lung infection within postoperative 1 year in kidney transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 197 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. All recipients were divided into the infection group (n=42) and non-infection group (n=155) according to the incidence of lung infection within postoperative 1 year. The incidence and risk factors of lung infection after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Risk prediction model was established by multiple logistic regression analysis. Forty-five kidney transplant recipients who met the inclusion criteria, including 8 cases in the infection group and 37 cases in the non-infection group, were selected to verify the predictive effect of the established model. Results The incidence of lung infection within 1 year after kidney transplantation was 21.3% (n=42), including 38 cases (90%) of pneumonia severity index (PSI) class Ⅰ, 1 case (2%) of PSI class Ⅲ and 3 cases (8%) of PSI class Ⅴ. Lung infection occurred within 1 month after operation in 13 cases, within postoperative 2-6 months in 22 cases and after postoperative 6 months in 7 cases. Nineteen recipients were diagnosed with bacterial infection, 7 cases of fungal infection, 10 cases of viral infection and 6 cases of mixed infection. Smoking history, diabetes mellitus history, pulmonary disease history and albumin level of < 35 g/L were the independent risk factors for lung infection after kidney transplantation (all P < 0.05). The equation of risk prediction model for postoperative lung infection in kidney transplant recipients was logit (lung infection within postoperative 1 year in kidney transplant recipients)=-1.891+1.063×smoking history (yes=1, no=0)+1.398×diabetes mellitus history (yes=1, no=0)+1.732×pulmonary disease history (yes=1, no=0)+1.269×albumin level (< 35 g/L=1, ≥35 g/L=0). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.788, the sensitivity was 0.786, the specificity was 0.645, and the Youden index was 0.431, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the predicted value of this model yielded relatively high consistency with the observed value. The AUC in the verification group was 0.834. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test validated high degree of calibration of this model. Conclusions The risk prediction model, consisting of smoking history, diabetes mellitus history, pulmonary disease history and albumin level as predictors, may effectively predict the incidence of lung infection within postoperative 1 year in kidney transplant recipients.

Objective:To analyze the changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3[25-(OH)D 3] expression in diabetic patients and its correlation with macrovascular complications. Methods:Two hundreddiabetic patients admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from February 2018 to November 2019 were divided into macrovascular complications group (87 cases) and without macrovascular complicationsgroup (113 cases). According to the degree of 25-(OH)D 3 deficiency, 32 cases were divided into 25-(OH)D 3 normal group, 94 cases were mild deficiency group and 74 cases were moderate and severe deficiency group. At the same time, 168 outpatients were selected as control group. The levels of serum 25-(OH)D 3 were compared between diabetic group and control group, macrovascular complications group and without macrovascular complications group, and the correlation between the level of serum 25-(OH)D 3 and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was analyzed. Results:The level of serum 25-(OH)D 3 in diabetic group was lower than that in control group: (24.79 ± 3.02) μg/L vs. (39.18 ± 4.38) μg/L, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The level ofserum 25-(OH)D 3 in diabetic patients with macrovascular complications group was lower than that in without macrovascular complications group: (21.08 ± 2.64) μg/L vs. (27.65 ± 3.31) μg/L; while the IMT was higher than that without macrovascular complications group: (1.29 ± 0.13) mm vs. (0.93 ± 0.10) mm, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of macrovascular complications in 25-(OH)D 3 moderate and severe deficiency group was higher than that in 25-(OH)D 3 mild deficiency group and 25-(OH)D 3 normal group: 60.81%(45/74) vs. 40.43%(38/94), 12.50%(4/32), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 21.896, P<0.05). The level of serum 25-(OH)D 3 in patients with diabetic macrovascular complications was negatively correlated with IMT ( r = -0.513, P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of serum 25-(OH)D 3 in diabetic patients is decreased, and the change of its concentration is related to the occurrence of macrovascular complications.