Objective To explore an algorithm to define the threshold value for tumor contouring on 18F-fluorodexyglucose (FDG) PET imaging. Methods A National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA)NU 2 1994 PET phantom with 5 spheres of different diameters were filled with 18F-FDG. Seven different sphere-to-background ratios were obtained and the phantom was scanned by Discovery LS 4. For each sphere-to-background ratio, the maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) of each sphere, the SUV of the border of each sphere ( SUVborder ), the mean SUV of a 1 cm region of background (SUVbg) and the diameter (D) of each sphere were measured. SPSS 13.0 software was used for curve fitting and regression analysis to obtain the threshold algorithm. The calculated thresholds were applied to delineate 29 pathologically confirmed lung cancer lesions on PET images and the obtained volumes were compared with the volumes contoured on CT images in lung window. Results The algorithm for defining contour threshold is TH% = 33.1% + 46.8% SUVbg/SUVmax + 13.9%/D ( r = 0.994) by phantom studies. For 29 lung cancer lesions, the average gross tumor volumes ( GTV ) delineated on PET and CT are ( 7.36 ± 1.62 ) ml and (8.31 ±2.05) ml, respectively (t = -1.26, P＞0.05). Conclusion The proposed threshold algorithm for tumor contouring on PET image could provide comparable GTV with CT.

OBJECTIVETo provide DNA molecular marker for identification of Nelumbo nucifera by exploring the differences of nrDNA-ITS sequence of N. nucifera originated from different habitats.

METHODTo compare nrDNA-ITS base sequence using specific PCR-ITS.

RESULTThe completed sequence of ITS and 5.8 S rDNA, and the partial sequences of 18S rDNA and 26S rDNA, totally 750 bp, from N. nucifera were obtained. The differences among N. nucifera from different habitats and from different cultivars were found.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to identify N. nucifera among different species and to distinguish their fakes. It provided the basis for identifying N. nucifera from different geographical regions by comparison of their ITS sequences.

Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; classification ; genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; metabolism ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Geography ; Nelumbo ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

Objective To find out parental locus of control and mental health affecting students test anxiety. Methods The samples were from 5 middle schools including 1000 students,and their parents. They were investigated with the general life scales, Sarason's test anxiety scale, Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90)and Parenting Locus of Control Scale(PLOC). Results The ratio of test anxiety: the mild was 28.8%, moderate was 45.0%, severe was 26.2% ,and felt anxiety was 55.8%. Ratio of test anxiety was higher in the boy students (X2=9.284, P =0.010) ,and heavier(F:16.42±6.70; M:15.18 ±6.51, t=2.716, P=0.007). Student test anxiety was significantly positively correlated with their parental mental health (r fatherl～11=0.166～0.272, Pfather l～11= 0.000;r mother 1～11=0.182～0.242, P mother 1～11= 0.000); Student test anxiety positively correlated with the effectiveness cof parents education, father's belief on the fate, eontrol of fathers for their children, locus of control from fathers (r1～5=0.075～0.143; P1-5=0.000～0.030);felt anxiety positively correlated with self-expect ,pressure from their mothers,over take care attitude from their parents,self-pressure from their parents( r1～6=0.068～0.230; P1-6=0.000～0.050) ,and negatively correlated with respect attitude of parents for their child, Marital relations,Communication time between the students and their parents,attitude of mother for learning( r1-7=-0.074～-0.140;P1～7=0.000～0.034). Felting test anxiety was served as a dependent factor, some factors enter the regression equation,and they were somatization of father, psychotic mother, the pressure from parents, mother over expectations, self-expectations ,the child control from student's father by Logistic regression analysis ( OR1～16=0.675～3.029;P1-6=0.000～0.007). Conclusion Students test anxiety is a common problem in male and female students. Mental health and locus of control from students' parents show test anxiety has somatization of father, psychotic mother, the pressure from parents, mother' expectations,self-expectations, the control of father for the child 6 risk factors.

Objective To explore the mechanism of hypoxia on SW480 cell autophagy.Methods We screened the CD133+cell with the characteristics of stem cell by magnetic cell separation. Then SW480 cell and CD133+cell were incubated in hypoxic conditions. Subsequently,we detected HIF-1α expression by immunofluorescence(IF), LC3 expression by Western blot and HIF-2α and Beclin 1 expression in 94 colon cancer tissue samples by immuno-histochemistry. Results Hypoxia induced the activation of HIF-1α in SW480 cell. After hypoxia 24 h, LC3 ex-pression was increased in both SW480 cell and CD133+cell with incubation time. The conversion from LC3Ⅰto LC3Ⅱwas increased in CD133+cell,but decreased in SW480 cell. In olon cancer tissue samples,HIF-2α and Be-clin 1 expression in poorly differentiated group were higher than that of well-differentiated group.HIF-2α expression in non-lymph node metastasis group was higher than high lymphatic metastasis group. However the Beclin expression was in the opposite regulation. Conclusions Hypoxia can induce the SW480 apoptosis and a few of CD133+cell autophagy that can protect the cell from apoptosis by inducing the HIF expression and increasing LC3.

OBJECTIVETo study on needling safe depth of Fengfu (GV 16) with CT, so as to provide reference for safe needling depth of Fengfu (GV 16) in clinical acupuncture treatment.

METHODSForty-one adult volunteers were divided into 3 groups, a thin person group, a moderate person group and a fat person group according to Luo's indexes, and computer-aided tomography (CT) was used to measure the needling depth of Fengfu (GV 16).

RESULTSThe safe depths of perpendicular needling of Fengfu (GV 16) were different for persons of different somatotypes. The safe needling depth was (27.73 +/- 3.45) mm for the thin person group, (30.78 +/- 2.90) mm for the moderate person group, and (33.39 +/- 4.27) mm for the fat person group.

CONCLUSIONThe safe needling depth < or = the dangerous depth x 75% can be used for reference for the safe needling depth of Fengfu (GV 16) for different somatotypes persons.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Somatotypes ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To analyze the mechanism of the influencing factors of myopia for junior high school students in China. Methods Based on the follow-up to 7 119 students in the 3 waves of questionnaire survey of the Chinese Education Panel Survey in junior high school stage, and the variables on students’ myopia status, myopia influencing factors, and two kinds of risk behaviors of myopia including near visual activities and outdoor activities, the mediation effects of the myopia risk behaviors were tested by Logistic regression model. Results The myopia prevalence of 9th graders before junior high school graduation was 66.36%. Time on writing homework significantly increased the risk of myopia，the odds ratio (OR) was 1.17，the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.13-1.21, and the time on outdoor sports significantly decreased the risk of myopia (OR=0.80，95% CI:0.75-0.86). Before and after including the risk behaviors into the model, the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of female centralized from 1.84(1.66-2.04) to 1.69(1.51-1.88), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of urban students’centralized from 1.19(1.03-1.37) to 1.16(1.00-1.34), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of only children’centralized from 1.20(1.06-1.36) to 1.18(1.04-1.33). With reference to not myopic for both parents, the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of students having one myopic parent centralized from 2.47(2.12-2.88) to 2.44(2.09-2.85), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of students having parent without myopic centralized from 4.25(3.09-5.86) to 4.13(3.00-5.69). Conclusions Gender, urban and rural, only child, and myopic parents are influencing factors of myopia. These factors have effects on myopia via two kinds of risk behaviors including outdoor activities and near visual activities.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in couples with the husband positive for chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODSThis study involved 102 infertile couples receiving IVF-ET with the husbands(but not the wives) positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and another 204 couples negative for HBsAg receiving the treatment served as the control group. The cumulative embryo score, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, rate of good quality embryos, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, first trimester and late miscarriage rates, delivery rate, and neonatal malformation rate were recorded and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSBetween the HBsAg-positive and the control groups, the cumulative embryo score (52.8-/+18.7 vs 55.4-/+16.9), insemination rate (66.9% vs 66.1%), cleavage rate (97.6% vs 97.2%), rate of good quality embryos (34.0% vs 37.1%), implantation rate (40.9% vs 34.6%), clinical pregnancy rate (56.9% vs 50%), first trimester miscarriage rate (6.9% vs 5.9%) and late pregnancy miscarriage rate (8.6% vs 4.9%), delivery rate (40.2% vs 43.6%) and neonatal malformation rate (0 vs 0) were all similar (P>0.05;).

CONCLUSIONChronic HBV infection in the husband might not affect the outcome of IVF-ET treatment.

Case-Control Studies ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome

Purpose To investigate the role of CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 in early pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.Methods Through comparison of the four subtractive libraries,early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma genes CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 were chosen for further study.Through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods,CHMP4A and TSPYL-2's expression was detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue,cancerous tissue and normal esophageal mucosa.Results CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 expression between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal epithelium tissue had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05),and the CHMP4A gene expression in esophageal mucosa,field cancerization areas,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue increased,while TSPYL-2 gene expression in esophageal mucosa,field cancerization areas,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue decreased,which were consistent with the protein expression of CHMP4A and TSPYL-2.Conclusion CHMP4A and TSPYL-2 genes are differentially expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,which can be used as alternative genetic markers for further research.

OBJECTIVETo study the application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the selective screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in high risk children and to understand the positive rate and types of IEM.

METHODSMS/MS was used to examine 552 blood samples from high risk cases of IEM who came from 8 hospitals in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province.

RESULTSSixty-four children (11.6%) were confirmed with IEM by the MS/MS, including 33 cases of methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemias, 2 cases of phenylketonuria, 3 cases of carnitine palmotoyl transferase I deficiency, 1 case of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 2 cases of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 6 cases of maple syrup urine disease, 2 cases of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 2 cases of glutaric acidemia type I, 2 cases of isovaleric acidemia, 2 cases of homocystinuria, 4 cases of carnitine deficiency, 1 case of tyrosinemia, 1 case of argininosuccinic aciduria, 2 cases of citrullinemia and 1 case of argininemia.

CONCLUSIONSMS/MS can be used to screen and classify IEM.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; Pilot Projects ; Risk ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of occupational stress and related factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD).

METHODSIn case-control study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 201 T2MD patients and 201 controls, who were selected from the staff members of organizations, enterprises, and institutions in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, to acquire the information on general condition and occupational stress. These subjects also underwent physical examinations and blood biochemical analyses.

RESULTSThe T2MD group had significantly higher total occupational stress score, as well as the scores on such factors as workload, interpersonal relationship, and home/work balance than the control group (P < 0.01). After adjustment for age, gender, education level, smoking, and drinking, the odds ratios for T2MD were 2.538 and 3.075 in the people with moderate and severe stress, respectively, compared to those with mild stress. The risk factors for T2MD included drinking, family history of diabetes, waist circumference, triglyceride level, and total occupational stress score, while the protective factors included educational level and high-density lipoprotein level.

CONCLUSIONOccupational stress is associated with the incidence of T2MD; the higher the degree of stress, the greater the risk of T2MD. Relevant measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress or improve the ability of workers to cope with the stress, thus decreasing the incidence of T2MD among occupational population.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload