Folic Acid ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neural Tube Defects ; prevention & control

Objective To explore the association between the infection of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),herpes simplex virus typeⅠ(HSV-Ⅰ),HSV-Ⅱ,toxoplasma(TOX) and serum hepatitis B virus(HBV)these 5 pathogens and low body weight and pneumonia,and explore the clinical value of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examining newborns infected with pathogens.Methods Forty-six newborn infants with low weight and 66 newborn infants with pneumonia were selected.And 1 mL pripheral blood of every newborn infant was drawn.Classic phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol-protease digested,after neonatal serum extraction of DNA in peripheral blood through 2 pairs of pri-mers,the outer primer amplified larger DNA fragments and the inner primer amplified small fragments,in the amplified products.HCMV,HSV-Ⅰ,HSV-Ⅱ,TOX and HBV of the viral DNA in highly conservative district to design primer respectively and amplify its viral DNA,nested PCR was used to detect of these pathogens DNA in infants of low body weight and pneumonia,and to detect positive rate of infection.Screening for birth defects in infants in these virus infection.SPSS 10.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between infection of 5 pathogens.Results The infective rate of HCMV in 46 infants with low body quality was 91.3%,the infective rate of HSV-Ⅰwas 8.7%,the infective rate of HSV-Ⅱwas 15.2%,the infective rate of TOX was 8.7%,and the infective rate of HBV was 15.2%.Among 66 infants with pneumonia,the infective rate of HCMV was 83.3%,the infective rate of HSV-Ⅰwas 6.1%,the infective rate of HSV-Ⅱwas 16.7%,the infective rate of TOX was 6.1%,and the infective rate of HBV was 7.6%.The infective rate of HCMV was higher than that of other 4 pathogens,these infection rates were different statistically in these 5 kinds of pathogens(Pa=0).Conclusions Five kinds of pathogens both low pathosens screening is necessary newborns infants with low body weight and pneumonia,and for the early diagnosis and prevention of these pathogens.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci in 484 male individuals from two minority populations, the Hui and Xibe, of Liaoning province, and to evaluate their forensic application values and genetic relationships with other 15 populations of China.

METHODSEleven Y-STR loci in all samples were amplified with PowerPlex Y System, and the PCR products were analyzed by 310 Genetic Analyzer. Cluster analysis and neighbor-joining tree were applied to show the genetic distance among the populations.

RESULTSIn Hui people, 187 haplotypes were identified, and the overall haplotype diversity value was 0.9990. The gene diversity values (GD) for each locus ranged from 0.4783(DYS437) to 0.9679(DYS385a/b); In Xibe people, 237 haplotypes were identified, and the overall haplotype diversity value was 0.9984. The GD value for each locus ranged from 0.3618(DYS391) to 0.9686(DYS385a/b). Comparing with 15 reference populations, the genetic distance between the Hui and Xibe was the nearest (0.0257), and that between the Hui and Yi was the farthest (0.1046), while the genetic distance between Xibe and Korean was also the farthest (0.0978). The NJ tree was similar to the results of clustering analysis and all the 17 populations were clustered into 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic distribution of the 11 Y-STR loci in Liaoning Hui and Xibe ethnic groups showed favorable polymorphisms, therefore are suitable for forensic identification and paternity testing in the local area. The study of haplotype diversity among different populations is useful in understanding their origins, migrations and their relationships.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Ethnic Groups ; classification ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Minority Groups ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the bidirectional effect of rhubarb total anthraquinone (TA) and total tannins (TT) on rats' liver.

METHODSOne hundred rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, i.e., the blank group, the model group, the blank + high dose TA group, the blank +low dose TA group, the blank + high dose TT group, the blank + low dose TT group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TA group, the model +high dose TT group, and the model + low dose TT group, 10 in each group. The carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was used to prepare the acute liver injury rat model. TA and TT of rhubarb (at 5.40 g crude drugs/kg and 14.69 g crude drugs/kg) were intragastrically administrated to rats in all groups except the blank group and the model group, once daily for 6 successive days.The general state of rats, biochemical indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), as well pathological results of rat liver tissues. Finally the protection laws of TA and TT for rats' liver were analyzed using factor analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, all biochemical indices increased in the blank group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). HA also increased in the blank + high dose TA group; AST, ALT, and HA also increased in the blank +high dose TT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, AST, ALT, ALP, HA, and TGF-beta1 significantly decreased in the model + low dose TA group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum AST, ALT, and ALP also decreased in the model + high dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Pathological results showed that mild swollen liver cells in the model + high dose TA group. Fatty degeneration and fragmental necrosis around the central veins occurred in the blank + high dose TA group. The pathological injury was inproved in the model +low dose TA group. Two common factors, liver fibrosis and liver cell injury, were extracted by using factor analysis. TA showed stronger improvement of the two common factors than TT.

CONCLUSIONSRhubarb TA and TT showed protective and harmful effects on rats' liver. At an equivalent dosage, TA had better liver protection than TT. High dose TT played a role in liver injury to some extent.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Tannins ; adverse effects ; pharmacology

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Adult ; China ; Drug Users ; psychology ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Needs Assessment ; Preventive Health Services ; utilization ; Risk-Taking ; Sentinel Surveillance

Objective To understand the epidemiological trend on the number of influenzalike cases and to explore the feasibility of early warning systems of influenza in Gansu province.Methods Based on data from the influenza sentinel surveillance program,a sequence chart was used to analyze the epidemiological trend on the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases.Both control chart and mobile percentile method were used to select the threshold of premium alert for the ILI of sentinel surveillance program.Warning effects were assessed by statistical model.Results The prevalence of influenza were both low in 2007 and 2008.Alert thresholds for ILI of Sentinel surveillance was built.The thresholds were higher alert in winter,but lower in summer.Both Seasonal Exponential Smoothing Model and Multiplicative Seasonal ARMA Model (1,1,1) (0,1,0) were used to dynamically predict the weekly percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI％)of 2011.The concordance rates (predicted=actual) were 100％ for both of them.According to the RMSE values,the dynamically predicted effect of the seasonal exponential smoothing model was superior to ARIMA.Conclusion Dynamic prediction on the number of influenza-like cases could reflect the epidemiological trend of influenza in Gansu province,but with some limitations.

Toxoplasma gondii is a serious foodborne zoonosis,which can not only affect the development of animal husbandry and the safety of meat products,but also cause great harm to public health.Therefore,the prevention of toxoplasmosis is crucial.Toxoplasma gondii vaccine which is regarded as an important measure to prevent toxoplasmosis has significant value to both public health and economics.This paper mainly summarizes advances in the study of Toxoplasma gondii vaccine in order to provide references for the further development of it,so as to control the toxoplasmosis more effectively.

Objective To explore the application of residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model in the prediction of infant mortality rate in some countries along the “Belt and Road” (China-Indo-China Peninsula Economic Corridor). Methods The time series data of infant mortality rate in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and China for 1978-2013 were used as training set to fit residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The 2014-2016 data was used as the validation set to compare the performance of model prediction. Results The akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the residual autoregressive model was superior to Holt's two-parameter exponential model. Both prediction models showed high accuracy, and most evaluation indicators (absolute error and relative error) of residual autoregressive prediction model were smaller than Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The residual autoregressive models of Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia were better than the Holt’s two-parameter exponential model for the infant mortality rate(IMR) prediction in different years. Conclusions The residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model performed well in infant mortality rate prediction in some countries along the China-Indo-china Peninsula Economic Corridor. The residual autoregressive model has better fitting effect. The residual autoregressive model for infant mortality prediction is superior to the Holt two-parameter exponential model in most countries in most years.

Objective To explore factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in different genders so as to provide reference for the specific prevention of the disease. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted to analyze factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in Jinchang cohort population who were randomly selected through stratified sampling by age and followed up. A risk prediction model was established and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). Results The standardized incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in this follow-up population was 12.32%, and the incidence rate of males (13.65%) was greater than that of females (11.29%). The difference was statistically significant ( 2=4.267, P<0.001). Age, education, elevated systolic blood pressure, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were common risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in both men and women. Elevated fasting plasma glucose (OR=2.556, 95% CI: 1.618-4.038) and elevated triglyceride (OR=1.535, 95% CI: 1.058-2.227) were only associated with men. Abdominal obesity (OR=1.414, 95% CI: 1.013-1.974) was only associated with women. The area under ROC of male and female prediction models was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.815-0.856) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.788-0.831), respectively. The sensitivity was 78.0% and 78.9%, the specificity was 78.8% and 73.1%, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 91.3% and 82.4%, respectively. Conclusions There are different risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in males and females, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to gender. The risk prediction model established by Logistic regression had certain guiding value.

Objective:To clarify the subtype infection status,distribution characteristics of human papilloma virus (HPV),and its correlation with cervical lesions in different groups in Shanghai.Methods:2126 female patients of the gynecology clinic and routine physical examination were detected for HPV genotypes,comparing the distribution of HPV infection and subtypes.Results:HPV overall infection rate,high-risk HPV (HR-HPV)infection rate,single and multiple infection rate in high-risk group,were significantly higher than physical group(P<0.05).HR-HPV,low-risk HPV (LR-HPV)distribution of the two groups were slightly different.HPV infection rate in high-risk group showed bimodal age distribution,with a peak at the<30 age group and the second one at >60 age group,while the <30 age group showed the highest infection rate in physical group.HPV subtypes in each disease group were slightly different.HPV1 6 subtype detection rate increased with the malignancy in cervical lesions,(P<0.05 ).Conclusions:The distribution of HPV infection and pathogenic subtypes of Shanghai was region specific.HPV infection status were different between two risk groups.The latent infection rate of HPV is high in Shanghai population.HPV1 6 subtype has the highest carcinogenic potential in Shanghai.