Objective To explore the association between psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic status such as education,income,employment and area of community settings in Zhejiang province.Methods Data were from the epidemiological survey of mental illnesses aged 15 and older in 2001(n=14 632).Psychiatric disorders were measured by GHQ-12 with a cut-point 4.Logistic multilevel analysis was the main statistical method being used.Results The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 18.5%(95% confidence intervals,17.9% to 19.1%),higher than the data from Hebei province(u=4.39,P＜0.001).Annual household income and employment were strongly associated with psychiatric disorders especially for those with low income(odds ratio 3.45,95%CI:1.72-6.67)and unemployment(odds ratio 2.03,95%CI:1.73-2.40).Factors as regional effect and education level showed weak or inconsistent association with psychiatric disorders after controlling on other indicators.Conclusion Inverse gradient relation between psychiatric disorders and SES seemed as the main result of low SES individual characteristics and some minor effects at the county level.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; urine ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To test and compare the color and translucency between the mono-component light-cure adhesive resin and try-in paste with same number for porcelain veneer restorations, and evaluate the consistency of the materials. Methods Variolink Veneer and Relyx Veneer were involved in the study.The adhesive resins and try-in pastes were added into a model of diameter of 10 mm and thick of 2 mm with white background and covered with filtered cover glass, and then the resins was cured with light. The color ( L* , a* , b* ) of these samples was test and △E was also calculated to evaluate the color consistency of samples. The resins and try-in pastes were made into a thin layer of 0. 15 mm, and their translucency was tested under the light from 380 μm to 780 μm. Average translucency was calculated. Tukey t-test for multiple comparisons was used to analysis the differences of △E. Paired t-test was used to analysis the differences of translucency of them. Results Tukey's t-test shows that the evaluation of AE of TR ( 1.11 ±0. 18) was a; those of LV-1 (6. 38 ±0. 45), LV-2(5.94 ±0. 19), A1 (7. 54 ±0. 20), WO(4. 24 ± 1.14)were b; those of HV +2(10. 90 ±0. 41), HV +1(11.48 ±0. 17), LV-3( 10. 69 ±0. 13), B0. 5( 13.26 ±0. 21 ) were c; and those of HV +3(21.94 ±0. 21 ), MV0(29. 78 ±0. 14), A3(32. 67 ±0. 19) were d(a,b, c, d meaned that the consistency of resin and try-in paste became lower and lower). There were significant differences between resin and tray-in paste in 7 colors(A1, TR, HV +3, HV +2, HV +1, LV-2, LV-3) of 12 colors(P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions The consistency of color and translucency between most adhesive resin and try-in paste with same number is low. This kind of materials should be used with caution in demanding cases.

Objective To explore the factors influencing the premarital medical examination in Chinese population and to discuss the related possible intervention strategies.Methods Data were collected through self-designed questionnaires on 2572 newly married respondents,selected under a stratified randomized sampling method,at Marriage Registration Office in 12 counties in Zhejiang province.Predictive factors were derived from the integrating complementary constructs of Health Belief Model,Theory of Reasoned Action as well as individual demographic characteristics.Multiple logistic multilevel analyses was used as the main statistical method,with individuals as the ' low' and counties as the 'high' levels.Results Behaviors on premarital medical examination showed a clustering trait at the county level (P=0.018) and variance partition coefficients (VPC) of each variables was between 15.40％ and 17.58％.There were no statistical significances found in the rates of premarital medical examination among gender,age,residence of Household Registration,education,income,health insurance and history of premarital medical examination.However,significant correlation was seen on occupation of the respondents.The rate of premarital medical examination among the respondents who had not attended medical examination during the last six moths was 1.31times (95％ confidence intervals,1.05 -1.65 ) more than those who had,with OR (odds ratio) as 1.51 (95％CI:1.14-2.00) for the pregnant respondents in their first marriage and 0.35 (95％CI:0.23-0.51 )for remarried respondents,compared with women at first marriage but remained unpregnant.Regarding premarital medical examination,the respondents reported greater benefits,less barriers,greater positive behavioral attitudes and normative beliefs to it,with an ORs as 2.32 (95％ CI:1.18-4.60),0.71 (95％CI:0.57-0.90),1.69 (95％CI:1.10-2.58) and 1.72 (95％CI:1.34-2.20)respectively,but with no significant association with perceived susceptibility,perceived severity and motivation to comply.Conclusion Factors such as individual perceived benefits,barriers,attitudes and normative beliefs etc.,were determinants of premarital medical examination accompanied by minor (16％) influence coming from the geographical environment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate PTEN expression and mutation status in the development of cervical adenocarcinoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry study of PTEN protein was performed on 42 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma, 20 cases of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia and 28 cases of normal cervix tissue samples. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to detect the presence of mutation of exons 5 and 8 of PTEN gene.

RESULTSPositive expression rates of PTEN protein were 54.8% (23/42), 25.0% (5/20) and 100% (28/28) in cervical adenocarcinoma, cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervix tissues, respectively. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P < 0.05). Positive expression rates of PTEN protein were 47.4% (9/19), 20.0% (2/10) and 92.3% (12/13) in mucinous, endometrioid and the other variants of cervical adenocarcinoma, respectively. Mutation rates at exon 5 and exon 8 of PTEN gene were 19.0% (8/42), 45.0% (9/20) and 0 in cervical adenocarcinoma, cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervix tissue, respectively. There were significant differences among 3 groups (chi(2) = 4.29, chi(2) = 12.70; P < 0.05). The mutation rates were 21.1% (4/19) and 40.0% (4/10) in mucinous and endometrioid variants of cervical adenocarcinoma, respectively. There was no mutation at exons 5 and 8 of PTEN gene detected in other variants of cervical adenocarcinoma.

CONCLUSIONThe development of cervical adenocarcionomas is correlated with the mutation and absence of the protein expression of PTEN, likely in the early phase of their carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cervix Uteri ; metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

Microdialysis technique in free-moving animals can be used to monitor continuously the changes of many extracellular neurotransmitters in certain brain areas and study the relationship between neurotransmitter and functions. Using detection of capillary electrophoresis combined with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) further improves the above-mentioned technique. In the present study, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to derivatizate amino acid in very low concentration. We found that increasing derivatization temperature could shorten derivatization time and that the derivatizative efficiency was not different from that when experiment was performed under the traditional derivatization condition (room temperature for 16 h). We also got an optimized condition of amino acid derivatization with FITC at 30 degrees C water bath for 5 h. Using the optimized condition of amino acid derivatization, we investigated the changes in L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-glutamate (L-Glu) concentration in periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) microdialytes of free-moving morphine-withdrawal rats. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the concentration of L-Arg and L-Glu in PAG between non-dependent and dependent rats. The concentration of L-Arg and L-Glu in PAG increased by 63% and 105%, respectively, in the first 10 min after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and then declined gradually. These changes were in correspondence with the scores of morphine withdrawal symptom.
Animals ; Arginine ; analysis ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Fluorescence ; Glutamic Acid ; analysis ; metabolism ; Lasers ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Periaqueductal Gray ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo develop a rapid and simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method which discriminates extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in sporadic Shigella isolates from 1998 to 2007 in Hangzhou city, China.

METHODSAfter ESBLs screening according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method, CTX-M, TEM, SHV and OXA-1 encoding genes were detected by using a multiplex PCR method, and the results were verified by 8 single gene PCR amplification.

RESULTSSeventeen isolates harbored ESBLs genes among 195 Shigella isolates (8.72%). Genes encoding CTX-M (17 strains), TEM (2 strains), OXA-1 (10 strains) and SHV (0 strains) were discriminated with multiplex PCR analysis, which coincided with eight single gene PCR analysis at 94.12%.

CONCLUSIONMultiplex PCR should be a suitable tool for initial rapid screening and discriminating ESBLs genes in Shigella isolates. With similar trend of national surveillance data, the proportion of sporadic Shigella isolates harbouring ESBLs genes might probably be on increase.

DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Shigella ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Phragmites communis polysaccharide on aging mice induced by injections of D-gulactose.

METHODAging mice were used as experimental objective.

RESULTPhragmizes communis polysaccharide could obviously increase the activity of CAT, SOD, GSH-PX in blood, lower the levels of LPO in plasma and the thick liquid made of grinding the tissues of brain and liver, and markedly resist the atrophy of the thymus, spleen and brain tissues of aging mice.

CONCLUSIONPhragmites communis polysaccharide has good anti-aging actions.

Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Catalase ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Lipid Peroxides ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Poaceae ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective To obtain the elasticity value of solid breast lesions with supersonic shear wave elastrography (SWE) and apply the binary Logistic regression in order to evaluate the value of SWE in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods SWE quantitative elastography was preformed in 91 breast lesions of 91 patients in Zhenghai Longsai Hospital to obtain the maximum and mean elasticity value (Emax, Emean). And receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance. A Logistic regression for the gray scale ultrasound and the elastic modulus was conducted with multiple variables including Emax, Emean, border, echo, form, calcification. Results Pathological examination showed 73 benign lesions and 18 malignant lesions. Emax and Emean of malignant lesions were obviously higher than those of benign lesions [(99.73±41.15) kPa vs (38.59±14.28) kPa, (61.45±24.88) kPa vs (23.46±11.44) kPa, t=-15.05,-14.12, both P=0.000]. The area under the ROC curve of Emax and Emean were 0.932 and 0.915. Taking 63.70 kPa as the threshold of Emax, the sensitivity was 77.8%and the speciifcity was 97.3%. Then taking 44.22 kPa as the threshold of Emean, the sensitivity was 83.3%and the speciifcity was 94.5%. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed:the 3 most effective variables were Emax, border of the lesions and Emean. Conclusions The multivariate analysis model of binary Logistic regression can select the valuable indexes of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. SWE plays an important role in differentiating benign and malignant lesions and it is valuable in clinical practice.

Purpose To describe the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and prognosis of secretory breast carcinoma (SBC). Methods Clinicopathological and follow-up data of six SBC patients were collected. Histopathologic analysis was performed on hematoxylin and eosinstained (HE) section. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by En Vision two-step method and ETV6 gene detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), then relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The ages of the patients ranged from 6 to 76 years with a mean age of 38.7 years, including one male and five female patients. The right breast was involved in 4 cases, and the left, in 2 cases. Five cases showed painless breast mass while one presented with a nipple discharge. The tumor size ranged from 1.0 to 3.1 cm with a mean size of 2.0 cm. Most of the tumors were circumscribed, solid gray white to light brown. Histologically, tumor showed solid nested microcystic, glandular or papillary pattern separating by hyaline fibrous tissue and growed in multiple nodular from. The cytoplasm contains abundant eosinophilic secretions or secretory vesicles. Immunhistochemistry, all cases were positive for CK7, S-100 and CEA, but negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and HER-2, and the proliferation index Ki-67 ranged from 10％ to 40％. Molecular testing confirmed the presence of the EVT6 gene translocation in one case. Lumpectomy was performed in 2 cases and modified radical mastectomy in 4 cases, two of them had lymph node metastasis (3/15, 1/16). Five cases were followed up for 6 months to 20 years, 1 case had lung metastasis. Conclusion SBC is a rare breast tumor with relatively indolent clinical and good prognosis. It can be diagnosed according to typical pathological morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics. The characteristic EVT6 gene translocation also has important differential diagnostic value.