Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Child ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mutation ; Ring Chromosomes

Objective To explore an algorithm to define the threshold value for tumor contouring on 18F-fluorodexyglucose (FDG) PET imaging. Methods A National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA)NU 2 1994 PET phantom with 5 spheres of different diameters were filled with 18F-FDG. Seven different sphere-to-background ratios were obtained and the phantom was scanned by Discovery LS 4. For each sphere-to-background ratio, the maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) of each sphere, the SUV of the border of each sphere ( SUVborder ), the mean SUV of a 1 cm region of background (SUVbg) and the diameter (D) of each sphere were measured. SPSS 13.0 software was used for curve fitting and regression analysis to obtain the threshold algorithm. The calculated thresholds were applied to delineate 29 pathologically confirmed lung cancer lesions on PET images and the obtained volumes were compared with the volumes contoured on CT images in lung window. Results The algorithm for defining contour threshold is TH% = 33.1% + 46.8% SUVbg/SUVmax + 13.9%/D ( r = 0.994) by phantom studies. For 29 lung cancer lesions, the average gross tumor volumes ( GTV ) delineated on PET and CT are ( 7.36 ± 1.62 ) ml and (8.31 ±2.05) ml, respectively (t = -1.26, P＞0.05). Conclusion The proposed threshold algorithm for tumor contouring on PET image could provide comparable GTV with CT.

Objective To explore the relationship between MspⅠpolymorphism of CYP1A1 gene and susceptibility to breast cancer in Yi nationality in Yunnan province. Methods The gene polymorphism of restriction enzyme of 3′-terminal of CYP1A1 was detected by PCR-RFLP in 60 healthy Yi women , 51 Yi women with breast cancer, 235 healthy Han women, and 250 Han women with breast cancer. Results The distribution frequency of CYP1A1-MspⅠgenotypes was significantly higher in Yi women with breast cancer (51.0%) than in the healthy Yi women (33.3%) (P < 0.05), an the allele C had a higher frequency in women with breast cancer than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Significant differences of frequencies were found in genotypes TT, TC and CC between women with breast cancer and healthy controls (P < 0.05). The risks of TC and CC for breast cancer were 1.19 and 1.95 folds respectively to TT genotype. But as compared with Yi women , the distribution frequency of CYP1A1-MspⅠ genotypes did not differ between Han women with breast cancer and in the healthy control (P > 0.05), and there were no differences in three genotype frequencies (P > 0.05). Conclusions Gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 genotypes may be associated with the risk of breast cancer in Yi nationality but not in Han nationality in Yunnan. The mutation of CYP1A1 gene may increase the incidence of breast cancer in Yi nationality.

Objective:To study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Pericardium Meridian on the heart function of volunteers with acute hypoxia, and to provide scientific evidence for the acupoints selection along the affected meridian in acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. Methods:Based on a self-control design, eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. Points from the Pericardium Meridian [Neiguan (PC 6), Ximen (PC 4), Quze (PC 3) and Tianquan (PC 2)], non-Pericardium Meridian point [Shousanli (LI 10)], non-meridian and non-acupoint points [1.0-1.5 cm lateral to Neiguan (PC 6) and Ximen (PC 4), respectively on both sides], and a blank control (only inhaling low-oxygen gas without EA stimulation) were selected to observe, once every week, 10 sessions in total, and only 1 acupoint was observed once. The volunteers inhaled low-oxygen gas mixture (10.8% O2 and 89.2% N2) for 30 min to imitate acute hypoxia. EA was conducted when the gas mixture was inhaled for 10 min and then lasted for 20 min; meanwhile, hemodynamic indexes such as cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), left cardiac work (LCW), left cardiac work index (LCWI) and heart rate (HR) were recorded on a hemodynamic monitor. Results:EA at the acupoints of Pericardium Meridian significantly down-regulated the increased CO/CI, LCW/LCWI, and HR (P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated the decreased SVR/SVRI in hypoxia (P<0.05); EA at other meridian acupoints or at non-meridian and non-acupoint points didn't produce such effects. Conclusion: EA at the Pericardium Meridian can obviously improve the cardiac hyper-activation caused by acute hypoxia in healthy volunteers.

Objective To apply MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to quantitatively analyze cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (CSCIWORA). Methods 15 patients with CSCIWORA and 20 healthy controls were scanned with MRI of conventional scans and DTI. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured. Results FA and ADC of the patients were (0.475±0.109) and (1.438±0.252)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. Whereas, they were (0.604±0.096) and (1.371±0.280)×10-3 mm2/s in the controls. Compared with the controls, the FA was less (P<0.05) in the patients, but the ADC was not significantly different (P=0.267). The fiber tracking (FT) showed the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord in the patients. Conclusion DTI can detect the CSCIWORA, and FT can directly display the injuries of white matter fiber tracts of cervical spinal cord, which provide more information to evaluate the clinical severity of CSCIWORA.

Objective To explore the clinical feature,diagnosis and treatment of postoperative chylothorax after congenital cardiac surgery.Methods From Jan.2000 to Jan.2008,36 consecutive infants following cardiac surgery were diagnosed postoperative chylothorax.Age at operation ranged 6 days to 4 years.Weight ranged 3.5 kg to 17.0 kg.Indications for cardiac surgery were:tetralogy of Fallot 18 cases,complete atrioventricular septal defect 5 cases,double outlet of right ventricle 4 cases,complex heart defect for Fontan operation 4 cases,coarctation of the aorta 2 cases,total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 2 cases,patent ductus arteriosus 1 case.Chylothorax occurred in right side was 32 cases,in left side 3 cases,bilateral side 1 case.Diagnostic time for chylothorax was postoperative 1-10 d.Results Thirty-four cases were treated conservatively with success(34/36,94.44%).Only 2 cases needed surgical treatment.The chest drainage volume before con-servative treatment was 22-60 mL/(kg?d)[mean 40.82 mL/(kg?d)].The mean duration of chylous drainage was 15 d(ranged 7 d to 42 d).There was no death in hospital.Two children had sepsis.The cases were followed up 2 weeks-7 years.One newborn was abandoned because of the other reason after discharge.There was no recurrence of chylothorax.Twenty-two cases were still in low-fat diet.Conclusions The chylothorax following operation of congenital heart disease should be noticed and early diagnosed.The initial treatment is conservative,but surgical treatment ought to be considered if the conservative management is unsuccessful.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):70-72

· AIM: To summarize the clinical features of Chinese primary congenital glaucoma and to investigate the discrepancies of the clinical features between the Chinese and Indian patients.congenital glaucoma patients were reviewed. The clinical features were summarized as several quantifiable clinical parameters and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the quantified clinical features and severity were statistically compared with those of the Indian patients, which were cited from the previous published articles.included in the study. In Chinese patients, sex ratio (male to female )was about 2:1, family history was presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and consanguinity was found in one patient (2.5%). The main symptoms and signs observed in Chinese patients spanned a wide spectrum of manifestations. The most frequent signs noted on the initial examination were enlarged eyeball (42.5%) and decreased visual acuity (35.0%). Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a later onset, a delayed diagnosis, more severe corneal changes and more severe optic nerve damages (P＜0.01). The combined tabeculectomy and trabeculotomy operation was preferred by both Chinese and Indian doctors whereas a higher proportion of Indian patients received the combined operation (P＜0.01). The proportions of the severity grade were different between Chinese and Indian patients. Most Chinese patients were in the severe grade while most Indian patients were in the very severe grade (P＜0.01).patients were sporadic and non-consanguineous.Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a relative later onset, a delayed diagnosis and treatment.More attempts are needed in Chinese PCG prevention and treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Based on the demand of nasal drug delivery high drug loadings, using the unique phase transfer of solute, integrating the phospholipid complex preparation and submicron emulsion molding process of Scutellariae Radix extract, the study obtained the preparation of the high drug loadings submicron emulsion of Scutellariae Radix extract. In the study of drug solution dispersion method, the uniformity of drug dispersed as the evaluation index, the traditional mixing method, grinding, homogenate and solute phase transfer technology were investigated, and the solute phase transfer technology was adopted in the last. With the adoption of new technology, the drug loading capacity reached 1.33% (phospholipid complex was 4%). The drug loading capacity was improved significantly. The transfer of solute method and timing were studied as follows,join the oil phase when the volume of phospholipid complex anhydrous ethanol solution remaining 30%, the solute phase transfer was completed with the continued recycling of anhydrous ethanol. After drug dissolved away to oil phase, the preparation technology of colostrum was determined with the evaluation index of emulsion droplet form. The particle size of submicron emulsion, PDI and stability parameters were used as evaluation index, orthogonal methodology were adopted to optimize the submicron emulsion ingredient and main influential factors of high pressure homogenization technology. The optimized preparation technology of Scutellariae Radix extract nasal submicron emulsion is practical and stable.
Administration, Intranasal ; Emulsions ; Plant Extracts ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

CTB protein possessed mucosal adjuvant immunoactivity. The CTB gene was amplified by PCR method from a strain V. cholerae. The nucleotide sequence of CTB gene was 375 bp and shared 96.0%~99.2% homology with other 6 CTB genes. The recombinant plasmid pTWIN1-CTB transformed E. coli strain BL21(DE3) expressed with 0.8 mmol/L IPTG. The molecular weight of expression products was identical with expectative weight by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The CTB fusion proteins mainly assembled inclusion bodies and the outputs of proteins were approximately 20% of the total bacterial proteins. The CTB proteins possessed mucosal immunoactivity by GM1-ELISA assay.