OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of testosterone on neointimal proliferation and blood lipids after balloon-induced aorta injury in male rabbits.

METHODSTwenty-five male white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups with 5 in each. G1 underwent sham castration served as control group, rabbits in remaining 4 groups were castrated. One week after the castration, rabbits in G3, G4, G5 groups received 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg testosterone undecanoate i.m, respectively, G2 was not received. Two weeks after the castration, deendothelializing balloon-induced injury in right iliac artery was performed in all animals. Two weeks after the injury, blood samples were drawn for measurement of plasma testosterone and lipids, and the right iliac arteries were excised for computer imagining analysis.

RESULTCompared with G1, plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL) in G3, G4 and G5, gradually decreased, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein(HDL)gradually increased. There were most significant differences of plasma TC, TG and LDL(P<0.05) between G2 and G1. There were not significant differences of plasma TC, TG, HDL and LDL among all groups before endothelial denudation and 2 weeks after endothelial denudation (P>0.05). In G3, G4 and G5 the intimal area and radio of intima/media gradually decreased, there were significant differences between G2, G3, G4 and G1(P<0.05), the differences between G1 and G2 were most significant, and those of G5 were close to G1. Endothelial cell repair was observed with electron microscope. Endothelial cells from G2 to G5 became smoother gradually, which in G5 were very close to G1.

CONCLUSIONTestosterone inhibits the intima proliferation induced by balloon-induced injury and improves blood lipids levels. The effects are enhanced by the dose increasing.

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hyperplasia ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Testosterone ; pharmacology ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

OBJECTIVECigarette smoke extract (CSE) can induce injuries of pulmonary II epithelial cells, activate nuclear factor-kappaB and increase tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) secretion. This study aimed to investigate whether azithromycin can protect pulmonary II epithelial cells from injuries induced by CSE and relevant mechanisms.

METHODSPulmonary II epithelial cells (A549 cells) were cultured in vitro. After 48 hrs of culture the cells were randomly treated with serum-free DMEM only (blank control group), azithromycin + serum-free DMEM, CSE+ serum-free DMEM or CSE+azithromycin. Eight hours later the morphology of A549 cells, the activity of NF-kappaB and the levels of TNF-alpha were measured by inverted microscope, immunohistochemistry and ELISA.

RESULTSThe morphology and structure of A549 cells were changed, NF-kappaB activity increased (dark brown staining ) and TNF-alpha levels (0.307 +/- 0.036 pg/mL vs 0.234 +/- 0.028 pg/mL)increased in the CSE+ serum-free DMEM group compared with the blank control group (P < 0.01). CSE together with azithromycin treatment recovered partly the morphological injuries of A549 cells. It also attenuated NF-kappaB staining and decreased TNF-alpha levels from 0.307 +/- 0.036 pg/mL (CSE+serum-free DMEM group) to 0.269 +/- 0.009 pg/mL (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAzithromycin may inhibit NF-kappaB activity, decrease TNF-alpha secretion and thus lessen cytotoxicity of CSE to A549 cells.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Azithromycin ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco ; adverse effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Objective To investigate the prevalence of self-reported suicidal behavior in university students and to compare the related risk factors between two selected groups. Methods A questionnaire survey on situation of suicidal behavior and risk factors was conducted among 9808 university students. Results The overall rate of suicide attempts among university students was 1.7%. Factors as suicidal attitude, having associates who had suicidal experience and negative life events, were significantly different between groups with or without suicide attempts. Risk factors on suicidal behavior were as follows: high frequency of feeling hopeless in the last year (OR=4.23,95% CI: 3.05-5.85) , first degree relatives with suicide behavior (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.72-4.73),having associates with suicide behavior (OR=2.82,95%CI: 2.05-3.88), having had sexual experience (OR=2.73,95%CI: 1.88-3.96), daily live being influenced by the existing psychological problems in the last month (OR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.80-3.56) , being female (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.77-3.45) and having other relatives with suicide behaviors (OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.63-3.41). Conclusion Psychological, biological and social factors had influenced on suicidal behaviors among university students which all called for effective intervention to be implemented.

ObjectiveTo observe the morphological changes of bone in the progress of chronic fluorosis.MethodsWistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,30 rats in each group:normal control group,experimental group Ⅰ and experimental group Ⅱ according to body weight.Rats in normal control group drank distilled water freely.Experimental group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ drunk distilled water with sodium fluoride preparation of fluorine containing ion 100,150 mg/L solution for six months,respectively.Bone mineral density was detected by X-ray,bone morphological changes were observed under light microscope and bone histomorphometric parameters were calculated using image analysis software.ResultsThe bone mineral density values were different statistically between the three groups after feeding for 2 and 4 months(F =19.79,3.28,all P ＜ 0.05).However no significant difference was found after feeding for 6 months(F =1.80,P ＞ 0.05).The bone mineral density of experimental group Ⅰ (0.20 ± 0.03,0.21 ± 0.03) was significantly higher than that of the normal control group(0.17 ± 0.03,0.20 ± 0.04) after feeding for 2 and 4 months.The bone mineral density of experimental group Ⅱ (0.21 ± 0.02) was lower than that of normal control group(0.22 ± 0.03) after feeding for 6 months.The bone lamella in experimental group Ⅰ was arranged disorderly,the number of osteocytes increased with their nucleus atrophy and the osteoblasts were more than that of control grouo which arranged in layers observed under light microscooy.In exoerimental group Ⅱ,the bone lamella was bent deformation,the number of osteocytes had decreased with their nucleus shrinking or even disappeared and the number of osteoclasts had increased significantly observed under light microscopy.In experimental group Ⅰ,the mean trabecular density [(0.33 ± 0.03)％] increased and the mean trabecular separation,thickness [( 163.57 ± 1.99),(59.26 ± 7.18 ) μm] decreased compared with that of normal control group [(0.31 ± 0.02)％,(186.60 ± 2.90)μm,(86.42 ± 1.48)μm,all P ＜ 0.05].In experimental group Ⅱ,the mean trabecular density[(0.26 ± 0.02)％] decreased,the mean trabecular thickness[(71.42 ± 10.77)μm] reduced compared with that of normal control group[(0.31 ± 0.02)％,(86.42 ± 1.48)μm].ConclusionsExcess fluoride can damage bone tissue.Low doses of fluoride can stimulate osteoblast activity and enhance osteogenesis.The activity of osteoblasts is great than that of osteoclasts.High doses of fluoride can stimulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity,but mainly the activity of osteoclasts,and bone resorption increases.

ObjectiveTo detect the concentration and distribution of fluoride ions in osteoblasts exposed to fluoride in vitro culture,and to provide basic information for studying the effect of fluoride on osteoblast injury.MethodsIn vitro cultured osteoblasts were exposed to 0,5,10,20,40 mg/L fluoride for 3,10,30 d (n =6),respectively.Concentration and distribution of fluoride ions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of these osteoblasts were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results(①) After cultured for 3 d,fluoride ion content of the bone cytoplasm exposed to different concentrations of fluoride 0,5,10,20,40 mg/L were (0.83 ±0.65),(0.54 ± 0.23),(0.65 ± 0.77),(0.59 ± 0.87),(3.64 ± 1.21 )mg/L,respectively,and the values of exposed to 40 mg/L fluoride group was significantly higher than that of exposed to 0,5 mg/L groups (all P ＜ 0.05).(②)after cultured for 10 d,the composition of the fluoride ion in cytoplasm of exposed to fluoride 10,20,40 mg/L groups were (4.03 ± 1.23),(3.66 ± 0.98),(6.26 ± 2.10)mg/L,respectively,which were higher than that of exposed to 0,5 mg/L groups [(0.78 ± 0.75),(2.69 ± 0.89)mg/L,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Of fluoride 20,40 mg/L groups,the composition of the fluoride ion in nucleus were (1.63 ± 1.19),(2.17 ± 1.21 )mg/L,respectively,which were higher than that of 0,5 mg/L groups[(0.65 ± 0.46),(1.57 ± 0.33) mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].(③)After cultured for 30 d,of the exposed to fluoride 10,20,40 mg/L groups,the composition of the fluoride ion in cytoplasm were (3.99 ± 0.84),(4.33 ± 1.67),(5.80 ± 1.38)mg/L,respectively,which were higher than that of 0,5 mg/L groups[(0.88 ± 0.44),(2.84 ± 0.43)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The composition of the fluoride ion in nucleus of the fluoride 20,40 mg/Lgroups were (3.33 ± 1.46),(3.53 ± 1.22)mg/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of 0,5mg/L groups [(0.70 ± 0.66),(1.99 ± 0.76)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].ConclusionsWhen osteoblasts are exposed to fluoride environment,fluoride ions enter into the osteoblasts quickly,and quickly accumulate in the nucleus,showing a special affinity between fluoride and bone tissue.Intracellular fluoride ions increase with the increase of contact time and exposure dose.

Objective To study the effect of relatively closed environment dispensing mode on insoluble particles in pharmaceuticals.Methods The numbers of insoluble particles in conventional manual dispensing mode and relatively closed environment dispensing mode in lass Ⅰ and class Ⅲ environment were detected, effect of different dispensing modes on the number of insoluble particles in pharmaceuticals was compared.Results When adopting manual dispensing, the numbers of 1-10 μm insoluble particulates in different groups in class Ⅰ environment were less than those in class Ⅲ environment respectively, differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). When adopting a new mode of dispensing in relatively closed environment, there was no significant difference in the numbers of 1-15 μm insoluble particulates in different groups between class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ environment respectively (all P＞0.05). The numbers of 1-20 μm and 1-15 μm insoluble particles in different groups were less than those in manual dispensing when the new mode of dispensing were adopted in class Ⅲ and class Ⅰenvironment respectively, differences were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). The numbers of 1-15 μm insoluble particles in different groups in manual dispensing in class Ⅰ environment were more than those in class Ⅲ environment respectively, difference were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The relatively closed environment dispensing mode can effectively reduce environmental particulates entering intravenous infusion system during dispensing process.

Objective To explore the attitude towards 10 different populations with different characteristics on their social distance and acceptance among those people with or without suicidal attempts among college students in Chongqing.Methods 9808 college students were randomly selected from 11 universities in Chongqing and administered a self-constructed questionnaire"Suicide Attitude and Mental Health Status Questionnaire".A t-test was employed to analyze the social distance and degree of acceptance of college students with or without suicide attempts towards different groups as criminals,hypertensive,with suicide actions,homosexuals,depressive disorder,HIV infection,drug addiction,death of family members,hospitalization history in mental service and alcohol addiction.Results 169 college students had suicide attempts;the reporting rate of suicide attempts was 1.7%.Among college students.the scores higher than 50 on nine items related to social distance towards strangers with those 10 different characteristics and the top three were on those with HIV infection,drug addiction and hospitalization history in mental service.There were differences(P<0.05)in scores of social distance attitude towards strangers with drug addiction(with suicide attempts 83.38±21.82,without suicide attempts 78.55±21.55,t=2.88).hospitalization history in mental service(79.27±21.23,75.67±21.31,t=2.17),homosexuality(66.87±24.77,74.14±21.94,t=-4.25),alcohol addiction(66.72±21.80,61.00±22.80,t=3.23)and hypertension(56.65±20.40,53.36±21.05.t=2.01)between college students with or without suicide attempts.College students scored higher than 50 in 7 items of social rejective attitudes towards acquaintances,of those with hospitalization history in mental service,drug and alcohol addiction ranked the top three.It showed statistical significances in social rejection attitudes towards acquaintances with homosexuality(35.28±30.38,42.83±30.76,t=-3.14),severe depression(56.59±28.49,61.64±25.56,t=-2.53)and suicide behaviors(51.46±28.19,56.56±26.35,t=-2.48)between students with or without suicide attempts.Conclusion College students in Chongqing kept quite far social distance and restrictive behaviors in college students with or without suicide attempts.Targeted interventions on suicide attempters should be carried out accordingly.

Intervention mapping (IM) is a framework for formulating theory-and evidence-based health education projects with participatory approaches from ecological perspectives.The intervention program designed via IM plays a role in reducing the exposure of cancer risk factors,increasing cancer prevention behaviors,and promoting early cancer screening and rehabilitation of cancer patients.This study summarizes the characteristics,implementation steps,and application status of IM in tertiary prevention of cancer,aiming to provide reference for the application of IM in the health education projects for cancer in China.
Humans ; Tertiary Prevention ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; China ; Risk Factors

Objective: To analyze the level and trend of occupational pneumoconiosis disease burden in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019, and to provide scientific basis for making prevention and control countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: In June 2021, the data of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019 were selected from Follow-up survey of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Tianjin and occupational "Health Hazardous Surveillance Information System", the subsystem of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) , years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) were used to comprehensively measure the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis by region, year, disease type, industry, sex and age; Kruskal-wallis H test was used for univariate analysis of DALY loss in pneumdo-niosis occupational. Results: A total of 43089 person-years of DALY due to pneumoconiosis in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019, of which the YLD accounted for about 2/3 (28277 person-years) , the YLL accounted for about 1/3 (14812 person-years) , and the average DALY was 7.34 person-years. The industrial distribution of pneumoconiosis burden in Tianjin was mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry accounting for 90.6% of the whole industry. The disease types were mainly concentrated in silicosis, foundry pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis accounting for 34.4%, 16.9%, 13.3% and 10.5%, and the age distribution was mainly concentrated in the 50~<85 years old age group, accouling for 83.6%. The median DALY of occupational pneumoconiosis patients with different pneumoconiosis stages, disability grades and years of service exposed to dust were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tianjin was still serious. It is necessary to take targeted intervention measures for key industries and population.
Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Silicosis/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; China/epidemiology*

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications