Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the protein expression of c-fos in fastigial nucleus (FN) and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in rats with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to explore the role and mechanism of FN and LHA in EA at the Heart Meridian fighting against acute MIRI reaction. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA-Heart Meridian group and an EA-Lung Meridian group, with 14 rats in each group; an LHA lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group) and a FN lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (FN+EA-Heart Meridian group), with 7 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish acute MIRI rat models in the other 5 groups. In the three groups with EA-Heart Meridian treatment, Shenmen (HT 7) and Tongli (HT 5) were selected; Taiyuan (LU 9) and Lieque (LU 7) were selected in the EA-Lung Meridian group. All the EA groups received EA stimulation prior to modeling, with 1 mA in current intensity and 2 Hz in frequency, 20 min each time, once a day for a total of 7 d. The sham operation group and the model group did not receive EA stimulation. The electrocardiogram was observed in the rats to analyze the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score. The expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in the FN and LHA increased significantly in the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA decreased significantly in the EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05). Compared with the EA-Heart Meridian group, the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group, LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in FN increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in LHA increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: FN and LHA are involved in the mechanism of EA at Heart Meridian to improve the acute MIRI reactions, and the cerebellum may participate in the improvement of cardiac function by EA through the cerebellum-hypothalamus projection.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of melanoma differentiation associated gene-7(mda-7/IL- 24)on lymphoma cell line Namalwa in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Using RT-PCR,the expression of mda-7/IL-24 was examined in 10 malignant hematopoietic cell lines,including Namalwa,Raji,K562,NB4,U937,Ramous,CEM,KG1a, HL60,J6-1,etc.The coding region of mda-7/IL-24 was cloned from LPS-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)by RT-PCR,and the eukaryotic expression vector pTarget-IL-24 was constructed.The recombinant vector, after sequenced,was transfected into Namalwa cell line via lipofectamine reagent.The stable expression transfectants were selected by G418.The expression of mda-7/IL-24 mRNA and protein was verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting.MTT assay,colony forming assay,apoptosis detection,and tumorigenesis in nude mice were used to assess the effects of mda- 7/IL-24 on tumor proliferation,growth characteristics,colony forming,apoptosis,and tumorigenesis.Results:Expression of mda-7/IL-24 mRNA was not found in any of the 10 malignant hematopoietic cell lines and the expression of mda-7/IL- 24 mRNA and protein was found in Namalwa cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pTarget-IL-24.Significant de- crease in tumor cell viability was observed in Namalwa cells stably transfected with mda-7/IL-24,compared with control cells transfected with empty plasmid pTarget(P

OBJECTIVETo categorize diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) subgroups by immunohistochemistry; and to investigate the underlying prognostic significance.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1 was performed on 133 cases of DLBCL. The cases were then categorized into GCB and non-GCB subgroups. The 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival rates were compared between the GCB and non-GCB groups, and among the cases with different immunohistochemical expression or with different IPI.

RESULTSAmongst the 133 case studied, CD10 was expressed in 33.1%, while bcl-6 was positive in 34.6% and MUM1 in 45.1%. CD10 expression had a favorable impact on 5-year overall survival (P=0.041) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.031). On the other hand, bcl-6 expression had a favor able impact on 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.044). Expression of MUM1 carried an adverse effect on 5-year overall survival (P=0.031) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.028). GCB immunophenotype was demonstrated in 40.6% of the cases, while 59.4% showed a non-GCB profile. GCB DLBCL had a significantly longer 5-year overall survival (P=0.004) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.003), as compared with the non-GCB group. When dividing the cases into two groups according to their IPI score (IPI=0 to 1 and IPI=2 to 5), it turned out that the 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates of the GCB group were significantly higher than those of the non-GCB group (P=0.019 and 0.014 respectively in cases with IPI of 0 to 1 and P=0.006 and 0.009 respectively in cases with IPI of 2 to 5). The non-GCB cases with a IPI of 2 to 5 had the poorest prognosis.

CONCLUSIONDLBCL subgrouping by immunohistochemistry and analysis of the subgrouping with IPI is feasible and useful in predicting clinical outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germinal Center ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

·AIM:To determine the effect of anterior-posterior joint surgery on choroidal thickness in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). · METHODS: A retrospective, case - control study enrolled 60 eyes of 60 patients with PDR diagnosed at Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The patients, who had conditions that warranted anterior - posterior joint surgery,were divided into a clinically significant macular edema group (PDR/CSME+;31 patients,31 eyes) and a non-CSME group (PDR/CSME-;29 patients,29 eyes). Twenty-seven eyes of 27 normal patients were included in the control group. All affected eyes underwent anterior - posterior joint surgery. After surgery, the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and the nasal choroidal thickness (NCT) and temporal choroidal thickness (TCT), which were obtained at a distance of 1500μ m from the fovea in the nasal and temporal directions, respectively, were measured in the control and PDR groups by enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SDOCT) at 1wk,1,3, and 6mo after surgery. Changes in choroidal thickness after anterior - posterior joint surgery were compared between the groups. ·RESULTS:The SFCT,NCT,and TCT were significantly thicker at 1mo than at 1wk, 3, and 6mo after surgery in the PDR/CSME+ and PDR/CSME- groups(P<0.05). The SFCT, NCT, and TCT were significantly thinner at 6mo than at 1wk,1,and 3mo after surgery in the PDR/CSME+and PDR/CSME- groups(P<0.05). The SFCT,NCT,and TCT in the PDR/CSME+ and PDR/CSME- groups at 1wk, 1, and 3mo after surgery were significantly thicker than those in the control group (all P<0.05), but the SFCT, NCT, and TCT at 6mo after surgery showed no significant difference compared with the control group (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the SFCT,NCT, or TCT at 1wk, 1, 3, or 6mo between the PDR/CSME+ and PDR/CSME- groups (P>0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The choroidal thickness of PDR patients increases within 1mo after surgery, and decreased after 1mo,but is not significantly different between the control group and the PDR groups at 6mo after surgery. Whether PDR is associated with CSME has no effect on the choroidal thickness after surgery.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the effect of oral midazolam sedation in a group of uncooperative patients in pediatric dentistry and analyze the influence of age on treatment results and safety.

METHODSOral midazolam conscious sedation (dosages range: 0.50 - 0.75 mg/kg) was applied to 109 uncooperative pediatric patients in outpatient department. The patients were divided into two age groups: group A (under 3 years) and group B (over 3 years). Treatment results and safety were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean success rate was 71% (77/109), which was higher in group B [78% (54/69)] than in group A [58% (23/40)]. The incidence of adverse reactions was 17% (19/109), which was higher in group A [28% (11/40)] than in group B [12% (8/69)].

CONCLUSIONSOral midazolam conscious sedation at a dosage range of 0.50 - 0.75 mg/kg is more effective and safe in pediatric dental patients over 3 years of age.

Administration, Oral ; Anesthesia, Dental ; Child ; Conscious Sedation ; Dentists ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Pediatric Dentistry

To analyze and discuss placebo-related information in clinical research literatures in the past 30 years, including placebo's dosage form, ingredients, preparation process and quality control. Effort were made to research the CNKI. full-text database to preliminary find 700 placebo-related clinical research literature, screen out 301 eligible articles by hand, read the literatures to extract placebo-related information and make statistics and discussions. According to the results, Chinese randomized placebo-controlled clinical studies were characterized by diverse dosage forms of placebo with lack of reports for components, as evidenced by the only 17 literatures describing placebo's preparation or specific composition among the 301 literatures. Placebo-controlled clinical trials covered a wide range of disease spectra, but with a specific tropism of diseases in terms of system classification. Although placebo plays a key role in blinded clinical studies, researchers made less records of placebo, perhaps because they paid less attention to placebo or more attention to the research process or restricted by other objective conditions. Moreover, placebo production, quality control and quality evaluation also need to be further standardized.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Placebo Effect ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; history ; standards

Objective To discuss family environment and parent's education pattern of violent online games addictive disorder in junior middle school students. Methods From August to December at 2008,6000 students were randomly drown from 8 junior middle schools in Dalian. All subjects were investigated with the self-made internet game survey form and the Chen internet addiction scale (CLAS). 149(2.5% ) internet game addicts were screen out from 6000 students, and then were divided into the violence and entertainment game addicted group (66 students in per group, and the male 55, female 11). No-game group 66 students were matched according tothe sex and the age. All subjects were evaluated with Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran ( EMBU) and Moss's Family Environment Scale of Chinese version. Results Lower mother's understand and warm were observed in violence internet online game addictive student group than other two groups( (46. 37 ± 13. 93,49. 80 ± 7.13,53. 16 ± 14. 89) , F = 4.88, P<0.01) ,and the mother understand and warm were remarkably lower in the violence online game addictive group than the non-game addicted group(P<0.01) ,and mothers rejection and the denial are obviously higher in entertainment online game addictive group than the non-game group(P = 0. 038). In family environment survey results suggested there were significant different during the 3 groups (F1-3 = 13. 99, 12.24,10.56; P<0.05)in emotion expression(4. 74 ± 1. 32,6. 06 ± 1. 97,5. 80 ± 1. 11) ,and conflict (5. 57 ± 1.85,5.28 ± 1.41,3.63 ± 1.50) .independence (3.96 ± 1. 87,4.56 ± 1.84,4.63 ± 1. 85). In the violence online game addictive group, emotion expression was lower than other two groups (P<0. 01) ,the conflict score was higher than other two groups (P<0.01). The controlling was lower than other two groups ( all P<0. 01) ; family function and total score are lower in online game addictive groups than other groups (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). Conclusion -Lower emotion expression,higher conflict,lacks of mother's love and warm,and lower controlling are found in violence online game addictive junior middle school students.

Objective To investigate the correlation ofchemokine CX3CL1 and the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) within 1 year in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods Five hundred patients with STEMI were continuously selected from the Department of Emergency,General Hospital of Shenyang Command,and 5ml venous blood was extracted at the time of admission.Plasma CX3CL1 levels were detected by ELISA.The median of CX3CL1 plasma concentration of all selected patients (2108.3pg/ml) was used to assign the patients to low expression group (＜2108.3pg/ml) and high expression group (≥ 2108.3pg/ml).The baseline information and the medical history of patients were recorded and followed up by telephone inquiry for 1 year.The endpoint events were defined as MACCE (including cardiac death,heart failure,nonfatal stroke and nonfatal myocardial infarction).Based on the MACCE in 1 year following up,patients were assigned into MACCE group and non-MACCE group.Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between CX3CL1 level and MACCE in STEMI patients.Results The plasma CX3CL1 level significantly increased in MACCE group compared with that in Non-MACCE group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis showed that the plasma concentration of CX3CL1 was independently associated with the occurrence of MACCE within 1 year (HR=1.124,95％CI:1.032-1.217,P=0.003).Conclusion Chemokine CX3CL1 concentration in plasma is positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with STEMI,and can be used in the prognosis assessment of STEMI patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential usefulness of a multivariable model in predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA), and its application to the clinical practice.

METHODSPB T cells subpopulation and BM T cells intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 were serially analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) before and during treatment. HLA-DRB1 * 1501 phenotype was analyzed by PCR-SSP. The predictive potentials of different parameter combinations for clinical responsiveness were statistically assessed.

RESULTSIn all evaluated parameters, CD8+ cell intracellular IFN-gamma had the relatively best diagnostic value with sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 62.5%, and positive and negative predictive value of 84.6% and 83.3% respectively. Positive CD8+ cell intracellular IFN-gamma plus Tc1/Tc2 < 50 could increase the positive predictive value to 92.3%. A multivariable model consisting of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), BM T cell intracellular IFN-gamma, Tc1/Tc2 ratio and HLA-DRB * 1501 phenotype of the patients was finally established.

CONCLUSIONThe multivariable model is superior to each of the single parameters in terms of predictive power of IST therapeutic outcome, and its higher accuracy and the clinical application make it potentially useful in practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Child ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo sort and identify side population (SP) cancer stem cells (CSC) in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines.

METHODSStem-like cells were isolated from five PCa cell lines Du145, IA8, LNCaP, TSU-Pr and PC-3 using FACS based on CD133+ CD44+ immunophenotype and SP in Hoechst staining. The in vitro growth pattern and tumorigenicity of SP stem cells were verified by soft agar colony-formation trial. LNCaP/SP cells were selected for further identification of stem cell properties using immunostaining, proliferation and invasion assay. Eventually, tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of LNCaP/SP were confirmed by xenograft experiments.

RESULTSThe percentages of CSCs of the CD133 CD44 + immunophenotype were extremely low in the five PCa cell lines. On the contrary, the percentages of the isolated SP cells were significantly higher in Du145 ([0.15 +/- 0.02]%), IA8 ([0.60 +/- 0.07 ]%), LNCaP ([0.8 +/- 0.1]%) and TSU-PrL ([2.0 +/- 0.4]%), but none was detected in PC-3. Besides, IA8/SP, LNCaP/SP and TSU-PrL/SP cells showed a significantly greater colony-forming efficiency than non-side population (NSP) cells (P < 0.05). Compared with LNCaP/NSP cells, LNCaP/SP cells exhibited high expressions of integrin alpha2, Nanog, CD44, OCT4 and ABCG2, remarkably enhanced invasive and proliferative potentials in vitro, and markedly increased tumorigenicity and metastasis (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSP sorting is more suitable than CD133+ CD44+ selection for enriching CSCs from PCa cell lines, and LNCaP/ SP represents a typical CSC population.

Cell Line, Tumor ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Side-Population Cells ; cytology