Animals ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Pneumonia ; genetics ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; genetics

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a group of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent optic neuritis or long-segmental myelitis, with high recurrence and disability. The discovery of aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) distinguished the disease from multiple sclerosis (MS) and became an independent disease. T cells, B cells and complement system were involved in NMOSD pathogenesis. The levels changed of many cytokines and complements components in NMOSD patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and the levels of other related laboratory indexes such as serum uric acid (UA) and thyroid hormone has also changed dynamically. The research status and progress of some laboratory-related indexes other than AQP4-IgG for NMOSD patients were reviewed in present paper, in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of NMOSD, and reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence,genotype and epidemiology of plasmid- mediated AmpC enzyme of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods A total of 67 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected by Fuzhou General Hospital and Fujian Provincial Hospital during a period of Sept.2004 to Mar.2005 were detected by three-dimensional extract test for AmpC enzyme,and PCR for AmpC enzyme and other ?-lactamase gene amplification and DNA sequencing were carried out for genotype of ?-lactamase.Plasmid transformation experiment was used to study the transfer of cefoxitin resistance.The homology of the isolates was determined by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting.Results At two hospitals in Fuzhou,the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme among cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 16.7% and 10.5%, 8.0% and 0,respectively.Two isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae produced DHA-1 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme,and 4 isolates of Escherichia cob and one strain of Escherichia coli produced CMY-2 and CMY-22 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme respectively.Furthermore,5 strains of Escherichia coli with CMY AmpC enzyme were also found simuhaneously to produce TEM-144,CTX-M-27,CTX-M-14 and TEM-1 ?-lactamase respectively.Three strains of Escherichia coli and one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae could transfer cefoxitin resistance to acceptant bacillus.ERIC-PCR fingerprinting reveals 2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae came from same clone,but 5 strains of Escherichia coli came from different clones.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing DHA-1 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme and Escherichia coli producing CMY-2,CMY-22 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme are found in Fuzhou.CMY-22 AmpC enzyme and TEM-144 ?-lactamase are the first reported in the world,GenBank accession number: DO256079,DO256080

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.

METHODThe model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTJDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.

CONCLUSIONJiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Evans Blue ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Permeability ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the dynamic variation of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and influential factors in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for two years in Xi’an City. Methods HIV/AIDS patients who were diagnosed in 2013 and received antiviral treatment within one month after final diagnosis. Their CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the initiation of HAART were recorded. By using the general linear model repeated-measures ANOVA, CD4+ T-lymphocytes dynamic variations and influential factors were described and analyzed. Results The average CD4+ cell counts at baseline, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment were 312.4±211.4, 360.2±265.8, 379.7±203.7, 435.3±242.0 and 519.5±276.0 cells/μl, respectively. CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts increased over time after treatment (F=27.51, P<0.01). But there were still 13.8%(25/181) cases of immunological failure during the 24-month treatment. The composition of the case of immunological failure in baseline CD4+ T-lymphocytes count <100 cells/μl was 27.0%(10/37). CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts increased slowly, body mass index (BMI)<18.5kg/m2 compared with 18.5kg/m2≤BMI≤23.9kg/m2 and BMI≥24.0kg/m2 (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in the dynamic trend of CD4+ T-lymphocytes after treatment between the co-infections group with HBV/HCV and without co-infection group (F=4.28, P<0.05). Conclusions CD4+ T-lymphocytes count in patients with HIV/AIDS receiving HAART in Xi’an City could be affected by various factors, the low baseline CD4+ T-lymphocytes count, BMI<18.5kg/m2 and HBV/HCV infections will influence recovery of immune function after HAART in HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical states of enuresis children companied with spina bifida occulta(SBO)and study the efficient way of treatment.Methods The children with SBO were check out by X ray from a total of 121 children with bedwetting.Their parents were asked to complete the enuresis questionnaires.Urine routine test and B-ultrasound examination about kidney,bladder and ureter were also asked to be done.The clinic data of the 49 children were attained and analyzed.They were randomly divided into 2 groups,and given the controlled treatment.Group A[used 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vas-opressin(DDAVP)only] and group B(used DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training)treated for 12 weeks.Results There were totally 49 bedwetting children companied with SBO,and most of them(44 cases,89.8%)were severe type(bedwetting times≥7 times/week).Some of them coexisted with frequency,urgency,gentle urgency incontinence and microscopic hematuria(22 cases).Thirty cases were found the functional bladder capacity(FBC)decrease by B-ultrasound.The cure rates were 58.3%(group A)and 88.0%(group B)respectively.The relapse rates were 36.8%(group A)and 12.5%(group B)respectively after stopping treatment for 3 months.Conclusions SBO accounts for considerably higher rate in enuretic children.It might cause the disability of bladder function.The treatment plan with DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training can not only increase the cure rate but also lower the relapse rate.

Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Methods The minimal inhibitive concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest.Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF),plasmid extraction,conjugation, transformation,PCR amplification,cloning and sequencing were carried out for analyzing the encoding gene of ?-1actamases.Results Three kinds of ?-1actamases were detected with pIs of 7.2,6.7,and 5.4.in a clinical strain of K.pneumoniae.These ?-1actamases were TEM-I (pI,5.4),SHV-12 (pI,8.2) and KPC-2 ( pI,6.7 ) confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products.Only one band of ?-1actamase with pI 6.7 was displayed in the transformant.A 1500 bp segment,which contained the KPC-2 gene confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis,was cloned from a 60 000 bp plasmid of the transformant.Conclusion The strain of K.pneumoniae resistant to imipenem produces a plasmid-mediated carbapenemase KPC-2 which belongs to Bush group 2f,class A ?-1actamase.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Celastrol on induction of HL-60 cell apoptosis and its possible mechanism. The proliferative activity of HL-60 cells treated with 0.25 - 8.0 μmol/L of Celastrol for 24 - 72 hours was assayed by MTT method, the effects of Celastrol on apoptosis and cell cycle of HL-60 were detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling, the expression of pAkt and cyclin D1 at protein and gene level in HL-60 cells treated with Celastrol were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR. The results showed that the Celastrol could obviously inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manners, the IC₅₀ value of Celastrol for 24 hours was 6.21 ± 0.242 μmol/L. The Celastrol concentration-dependently induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells, accompanying with morphological changes of apoptotic cells, which may be related with arrest of cells in G₀/G₁ phase. The Celastrol suppressed the expression of pAkt and Cyclin D1 in HL-60 cells to a varying degree which showed obvious concentration-and time-dependent manners. It is concluded that the Celastrol inhibits the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Its mechanism may be related with down-regulation of p-Act and cyclin D1 expressions.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Microbial contamination, growth and reproduction have a great influence on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its preparation. TCM may be polluted by microbial in the production process due to ambient air, facilities and appliances and operating personnel, which affects the quality and efficacy of the final product. The GMP certification inspection standard of TCM manufacturing enterprises clearly established: "Sterilization methods of Chinese herbal medicine, intermediate products, finished products should follow the principle whether or not to change its quality", "TCM powder that used as medicine directly should follow the principle whether to do microbiological examinations". So it's particularly important for product quality, corporate energy consumption and its efficiency to choose the scientific and effective sterilization techniques and methods. Ozone is a kind of safe, environmentally friendly, efficient and no residue emerging sterilization technology. It has been widely applied in various fields of medical and health care and production and living. This paper mainly analyzed the ozone sterilization technology of TCM, aiming to explore the principle of ozone sterilization, the advantages, application status and existing problems and so on. The management regulations and implementation rules of ozone sterilization were summarized to make sterilization of Chinese medicine in the production, management, quality control and other aspects standardized, reasonable and scientific, and to provide the theoretical reference of the ozone sterilization technology for TCM and its preparation.
Bacteria ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Ozone ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology ; Sterilization ; methods