Escherichia coli ; classification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Germany ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics

Objective To evaluate the effects of 15 kinds of drying methods including sun-drying, shade drying, infrared drying (50, 60, 70, 80 ℃), microwave drying (50, 60, 70, 80, 100 ℃), and hot-air drying (50, 60, 70, 80 ℃) on the quality of Leonurus japonicus through the content of multiple chemical components, and then optimize suitable drying methods for L. japonicus. Methods UPLC-QTRAP®/MS2 method was developed to determine the content of three alkaloids (stachydrine hydrochloride, leonurine hydrochloride, trigonelline), four phenolic acids (benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid), five phenylpropanoids (salidroside, acteoside, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid), 11 flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, wogonin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, genkwanin, apigenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, quercetin), and one iridoid glycoside (ajugol) in L. japonicus. The principal component analysis (PCA) and TOPSIS analysis were performed to evaluate the quality of the L. japonicus samples obtained by different drying methods. Results Different drying methods exerted significant effects on the content of 24 chemical ingredients in L. japonicus. The PCA analysis divided 15 drying methods into three types based on the content of 24 compounds. Moreover, the comprehensive evaluation of TOPSIS was carried out, and the top three drying methods were 70 ℃ hot-air drying, 60 ℃ hot-air drying, and 100 ℃ microwave drying, which largely retained the active ingredients of L. japonicus. Conclusion Combined with practice, we found that 70 ℃ hot-air drying was the optimized drying process of L. japonicus, which provides guarantee for the quality of L. japonicus and provides scientific basis for the production and processing of L. japonicus.

BACKGROUND:The research and application of platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration and restoration have always been an issue of concern in the medicine and bioengineering fields.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effects of platelet-rich plasma in combination with tendon stem cells on histomorphology change and matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression of the tendon tissues in a rabbit model of Achilles tendinopathy.METHODS:Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model group (n=32) and blank control group (n=8).In the model group,the animals were injected about 2 cm distant to the attachment point of the left calcaneus with prostaglandin E2 (once a week,for totally 4 weeks) to make the animal model of tendinopathy.The rabbits in the blank control group were injected the equal amount of normal saline.After 4 weeks,model rabbits were randomly divided into four subgroups:combination group,tendon stem cell group,platelet-rich plasma group and model control group,with eight rabbits in each group.Platelet-rich plasma and tendon stem cells,alone or in combination,and normal saline were injected into the corresponding group,twice with an interval of 3 weeks.At 6 weeks after injection,the tendon tissue was collected and stained for histological examination and detection of matrix metalloproteinasa 1 expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining:the tendon fibers in the combinationgroup were intact and arranged orderly;in the tendon stem cell group,the tendon fibers were almost arranged orderly despite some fractured fibers;in the platelet-rich plasma group,fiber breakage and loose fiber structure were observed;in the model control group,there were no intact tendon fibers,with the presence of inflammatory cell filtration.(2) Masson staining:The tendon fibers in the combination group had slight wave-shaped changes but the fibers were not cut off;in the tendon stem cell group,the tendon fibers were slightly in disorder,but with the intact structure,and obvious inflammatory cell filtration was observed;in the platelet-rich plasma group,fiber breakage,reduced collagen fibers and inflammatory cell filtration were obviously observed;in the model control group,there were no intact tendon fibers,and inflammatory cell filtration was clearly visible.(3) The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1:Compared with the blank control group,the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 was significantly higher in the other groups except the combination group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 between the combination group and blank control group (P ＞ 0.05).To conclude,the combination of platelet-rich plasma and tendon stem cells can inhibit the vicious cycle of degeneration of collagen and extracellular matrix,reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in tenocytes,and delay inflammation responses and degeneration due to tendinopathy.

OBJECTIVEEpinephrine has a place in the treatment of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest but has been controversy concerning its optimal dose. This meta-analysis aimed to seek for evidences of the effectiveness of different doses of epinephrine in children with cardiac arrest and to evaluate the effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose epinephrine in children with cardiac arrest.

METHODPublished papers on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were electronically searched from MEDLINE (1966 to September 2006), EMBASE (1974 to June 2006), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2006), CBM (1998 to 2006) and CNKI (1994 to 2006). We also had searched the related references and manual retrieval 10 professional academic journals about epinephrine treatment of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest (1998 to 2006). The search strategy was made according to the collaborative review group search strategy. At first, we found 546 articles. Second, we excluded 474 of them through reading the title, abstract, excluding non-randomized, non-controlled trials and non-clinical studies. Finally, we identified 4 papers through searching for original articles and telephone contact with some of the authors after excluding 68 papers. Then we performed the meta-analysis by RevMan 4.2.7. For homogenous dichotomous data (P > or = 0.1, I(2) < or = 50%) we calculated fixed effects model, relative risk (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), For heterogeneity Dichotomous data (P < 0.1, I(2)>50%) we calculated random effects model, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTFour trials involving 360 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that there were no statistical difference in recovery of spontaneous circulation [RR = 1.28, 95% CI (0.93, 1.77)]. Perondi, Patterson and Cheng xiuyong's study compared the rate of survival at 24 hours and showed statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.01, I(2) = 0.77). The random effects model indicated that there were no significant difference [RR = 1.40, 95% CI (0.43, 4.55)]. The sensitivity analysis showed that after deleting Perondi's group there were no statistical heterogeneity. Fixed effects model indicated that there were significant difference [RR = 2.50, 95% CI (1.52, 4.11)]. T When the rates of survival to hospital discharge were compared among the 4 studies, there was statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.07, I(2) = 0.58), the random effects model indicated that there were no statistical difference [RR = 1.78, 95% CI (0.42, 7.50)], There were no heterogeneity after Cheng Xiu-yong group was deleted.

CONCLUSIONHigher doses of epinephrine in children with cardiopulmonary arrest may not increase the rate of recovery of spontaneous circulation, the rate of survival at 24 hours, the rate of survival to hospital discharge and worsen the neurological outcomes. Adverse reactions is difficult to monitor and evaluate because of the current restrictions on medical technology.

Bronchodilator Agents ; toxicity ; Child ; Epinephrine ; toxicity ; Heart Arrest ; chemically induced ; mortality ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Risk ; Treatment Outcome ; United States

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy between two different surgical approaches for thoracoscopic esophagectomy including left lateral decubitus position and prone position.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to December 2009, 88 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. Among them, 52 patients were placed in decubitus position and 36 patients were placed in prone position.

RESULTSNo conversion to thoracotomy occurred in either group. The operative time was shorter in the prone group than that in the decubitus group (70 ± 20 min vs. 82 ± 17 min, P<0.01). Blood loss during operation was less in the prone group(100 ± 52 ml vs. 139 ± 54 ml, P<0.01). More lymph nodes were harvested from chest in the prone group(12.2 ± 6.2 vs. 8.6 ± 4.3, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in morbidity.

CONCLUSIONThoracoscopic esophagectomy in prone position is associated with better exposure of surgical filed, shorter operative time, less blood loss, and more extensive lymph node dissection as compared to decubitus position.

Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posture ; Prone Position ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate sedentary lifestyles after school in children aged 7 to 12 year-old living in Guangzhou, and to explore the association between sedentary behaviors after school with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, this study recruited 7 to 12 year-old primary students (n=4 294) in Guangzhou. The physical examination and questionnaire were used to collect the sedentary lifestyles after school and cardiometabolic risk factors, analyzing the impact of different aedentary behavoir time after school on cardiometabolic risk factors. Results The average sedentary time after school per day were 194.3 min (boys: 200.3 min; girls: 187.3 min). Inter-quartile ranges of sedentary time after school per day were ≤130.0, 131.0-180.0, 181.0-240.0, and ≥241.0 min/d. Controlling for confounding factors, the odd ratios (OR) of central obesity, overweight/obesity, high TC status, high TG status and high LDL-C status in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of sedentary time after school per day were 1.39 (95%CI:1.08-1.80), 1.44 (95%CI:1.16-1.80), 1.26(95%CI:1.05-1.51), 1.63(95%CI:1.34-1.98), 1.28(95%CI:1.06-1.55), respectively. Conclusions Sedentary lifestyles have a positive relationship with childhood central obesity, overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia in primary school children. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the intervention to the lifestyles of teenagers and reduce the sedentary behavior time of children and teenagers.

Objective:To analyze effects of esophageal suspension on left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection ,operation duration ,and perioperative morbidity in minimally invasive esophageal surgery .Methods:Clinical data of 145 patients with esophageal cancer treated by minimally invasive surgery in Zhongshan Hospital ,Fudan University ,from Jan . to Dec .2015 were retrospectively analyzed ,including 71 cases of esophageal suspension in left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy and other 74 cases of conventional methods .Results:Compared with the conventional method group ,left laryngeal recurrent nerve lymph node dissection number of the esophageal suspension group (2 .55 ± 0 .20 vs 1 .46 ± 0 .22 , P< 0 .05) increased significantly ,operation time ([262 .60 ± 6 .44] min vs [265 .60 ± 6 .17] min) and dissection time ([9 .90 ± 0 .34] min vs [9 .60 ± 0 .36] min) did not increase significantly ,and the related complications such as irreversible injury in recurrent laryngeal nerve and thoracic duct injury did not increase .Conclusions:Esophageal suspension in minimally invasive esophageal surgery helps improve the quality of left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy without increasing operation duration and perioperative morbidity .

Objective To compare comfort level and postoperative complication of patients undergone coronary intervention through femoral artery and radial artery. Methods A total of 198 patients were selected and divided into two groups: control group (n = 100) accepted coronary intervention through femoral artery and experimental group ( n = 98 ) through radial artery. Local hematoma at the puncture site, back pain, insomnia and dysuresia were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of insomnia and back pain were significantly lower in experimental group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) than in control group. There was also significant difference in local hematoma at the puncture site and dysuresia between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusions Low incidence of complications and high comfort level can be expected in patients undergone coronary intervention through radial arteries.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitive effects of 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (TMX) on cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Probe drugs were incubated with and without adding TMX to determine the changes of enzyme activities. The concentration ratio of metabolites to probe drugs was used to present enzyme activities. Concentrations of the probe drugs and their metabolites in the incubated mixture were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The variations (mean, 95%CI) of the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were 2.95 x 10(-3) (2.03 x 10(-3), 3.88 x 10(-3)), 3.14 x 10(-2) (1.87 x 10(-2), 4.42 x 10(-2)), 2.27 x 10(-3) (-1.4 x 10(-2),1.81 x 10(-2)), 7.72 x 10(-2) (-0.83 x 10(-2), 0.2374), and -0.2548 (-2.9802, 2.4707), respectively. The activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced in the present of TMX. CONCLUSION TMX (10 micromol/L) has significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, but no significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to March 2012, 260 patients with esophageal carcinoma received thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE group), while 322 patients underwent conventional open esophagectomy (OE group). Operative procedures, perioperative complications, reoperation, readmission to intensive care unit (ICU), and perioperative mortality were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with OE group, TE group possessed less thoracic operative time [(105±30) min vs. (112±41) min, P=0.000], less blood loss [(95±48) ml vs. (107±44) ml, P=0.002], shorter postoperative hospital stay [(14.3±7.5) d vs. (16.9±9.5) d, P=0.000] and more lymph node harvest from thorax [(13.5±5.0) vs. (11.6±4.7), P=0.000]. The total perioperative complication rate was lower in TE group than that of OE group (34.6% vs. 45.0%, P=0.011), as well as perioperative mortality (0.8% vs. 3.4%, P=0.032). Lower rate of readmission to ICU (5.4% vs. 10.6%, P=0.024) was found in the TE group as compared to the OE group, while the reoperation rate was comparable (1.5% vs. 2.5%, P=0.425).

CONCLUSIONThoracoscopic esophagectomy is advantageous than open procedure in terms of surgical safety.

Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Video-Assisted Surgery