Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of integrated pharmaceutical care (IPC) in community-based patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods The COPD patients were divided randomly into intervention group (group A,n =79) and control group (group B,n =71).Group A received the IPC intervention measures,including serial lectures of pharmaceutical knowledge,home supervision and web-based communications for while group B group had none.Results As compared with group B,group A obviously improved on the knowledge of pharmaceutical treatment effect and side effect (95.1％,67.4％ vs.63.1％,21.9％,x2 =12.445,P=0.000 vs.x2 =55.557,P=0.000).There were notable differences between two groups [ ( 1.77 ± 1.23 ) vs.( 2.42 ± 1.66 ) s,t =2.583,P=0.011],pulmonary rales [ (0.01 vs.0.01)s,Z =2.370,P=0.018],6-min walk distance (6 MWD) [ (457 ± 67 ) vs.(425 ± 72) m,t =2.760,P =0.007 ],vital capacity ( VC ) [ ( 1.60 ± 0.25 ) vs.( 1.49 ± 0.23 ) L,t =2.718,P =0.007 ) ] andquality-of-life items ( 48 ± 10 vs.52 ± 11,t =2.624,P =0.010) after intervention.Analyze of cost-effectiveness show that groupA was superior to group B [ total effect total cost(TE/TC =764.6/4936,15.49％ )vs.(TE/TC =1509.4/4708),32.06％,x2 =6.183,P ＜ 0.01 ].Conclusion IPC can improve the disease condition and achieve excellent cost-effectiveness for community-based COPD patients.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Oxide ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Methylene Chloride ; analysis ; Workplace

Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology

Objective To discover radioresistance-associated proteins by performing comparative proteomic analysis on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines.Methods The total proteins were extracted from radioresistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R and its parental cell line CNE-2,respectively.These proteins were separated by high quality two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and then the 2-DE profiles were screened for differentially expressed protein spots by the Image Master 5.0 software.Those spots were identified by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.Results 32 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were screened in two different radiosensitivity cell lines and 11 proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry,among which 3 proteins were up-regulated in radioresistant human nasopharyngcal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R and the other 8 proteins were down-regulated.Conclusions The differentially expressed proteins of nasopharyegeal carcinoma cells with different radiosensitivity were mainly involved in apoptosis regulation,DNA damage and repair,cell cycle regulation,RNA transcription,cell signaling,cytoskeleton formation and radiation stress responses.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in radiation-induced death response of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods MTT method was used to detect cell viability of CNE-2 cells in different time after irradiation.Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effect of autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine phosphate) and autophagy inductor (rapamycin) on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expressions of LC3 and P62 were measured with Western blot.Cell ultrastructural analysis was performed under an electron microscope.Results Irradiation with 10 Gy induced a massive accumulation of autophagosomes accompanied with up-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ expression in CNE-2 cells.Compared with radiation alone,chloroquine phosphate (CDP) enhanced radiosensitivity significantly by decreasing cell viability (F =25.88,P ＜ 0.05),autophagic ratio (F =105.15,P ＜ 0.05),and LC3-Ⅱ protein level(F =231.68,P ＜0.05),while up-regulating the expression of P62 (F =117.52,P ＜ 0.05).Inhibition of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis (F =143.72,P ＜ 0.05).Rapamycin (RAPA) also significantly decreased cell viability,but increased autophagic ratio and LC3-Ⅱ protein level while down-regulated the expression of P62.Induction of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis(F =167.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Blockage of autophagy with CDP could enhance radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could be used as an adjuvant treatment to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To study the difference of gene expression profile between the radioresistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R and CNE-2,and to screen the signaling pathway associated with radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R was constructed from the original cell line CNE-2.CNE-2R and CNE-2 cells were cultured and administered with 60Co γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 400 cGy for 15 times.Human-6v 3.0 whole genome expression profile was used to screen the differentially expressed genes.Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify the pathways related to radioresistance.Results The number of the differentially expressed genes that were found in these 2 experiments was 374.The Kegg pathway and Biocarta pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed the biological importance of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and IL-1 R-mediated signal transduction pathway to the radioresistance of the CNE-2R cells and the significant differences of 13 genes in these 2 pathways,including JUN,MYD88,CCL5,CXCL10,STAT1,LY96,FOS,CCL3,IL-6,IL-8,IL-1α,IL-1B,and IRAK2(t=13.47-66.57,P<0.05).Conclusions Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and IL-1R-mediated signal transduction pathway might be related to the occurrence of radioresistance.

Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Wall ; pathology ; Young Adult

Steroid receptor RNA activator ( SRA) is a type of long non-coding RNA ( lncRNA ).The abnormal transcription of lncRNA -SRA were detected in the uterine , ovarian and breast , and the lncRNA-SRA level in breast cancer is higher than that of general population.LncRNA-SRA expression may serve as a new prognostic marker for patients with ER-positive breast cancers.Thus, elucidating the molecular mecha-nisms of lncRNA -SRA is important to develop novel proper strategies using target lncRNA -SRA in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo provide genetic diagnosis and counseling for a 2-year-old girl with typical Rett syndrome through analyzing the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene.

METHODSPotential mutation of the MECP2 gene was screened by DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of members of the family as well as normal controls. Lymphocyte culture for karyotype analysis was carried out for the patient to exclude chromosomal abnormalities.

RESULTSThe karyotype of the girl was normal. No variation of the MECP2 gene was detected in the patient by direct sequencing. A heterozygosis variation, c.1072G>A in exon 4 of the MECP2 gene was detected in a normal female control, which was not found in other controls. The son and daughter of the female control were respectively heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the same mutation. By MLPA analysis, a heterozygosis deletion of exon 3 and part of exon 4 was detected in the patient. cDNA amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence of a 1176 bp deletion (c.27-1202del1176). The same deletion was not detected in the parents.

CONCLUSIONA large deletion in MECP2 gene was detected with MLPA in a patient featuring typical Rett syndrome. The same deletion was missed by sequencing analysis. With cDNA sequencing, the breakage point of the mutation can be mapped precisely.

Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Rett Syndrome ; genetics

BackgroundOur previous study showed that erythropoietin (EPO) protects the photoreceptor from apoptosis in retinal detachment(RD) rat,but its signal transduction pathway remains unknown.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of EPO on signal transduction pathway in RD.MethodsTwentyfour albino clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.5 μl PBS was injected into vitreous cavity of rats in RD+PBS group,and 400 ng EPO(5 μl) was used at the same way in RD+EPO group.Three days later,the rats were sacrificed and the retina was isolated in each group.The expression levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2),p-JAK2,Akt,p-Akt,extracellular regulated protein kinase-1/2 ( ERK-1/2 ),p-ERK-1/2,signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ),p-STAT5,nuclear factor-kB (NF-sB) and p-NF-kB were detected by Western blot assay.The administration of experimental animals followed the Standard of ARVO.ResultsThree days after RD,the expression levels of JAK2,Akt and ERK-1,ERK-2 in retinas among normal group,RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were statistically insignificant different ( F =0.298,P =0.826 ; F =0.681,P =0.588 ; F =0.978,P=0.450;F=1.115,P=0.399 ),but the levels of p-JAK2,p-Akt,p-Erk-1 and p-Erk-2 among these 4 groups were significant difference ( F=24.435,P =0.000; F=48.163,P =0.000;F =19.092,P =0.001; F =14.393,P=0.001 ),and those in RD+EPO group was significantly higher than that in RD and RD+PBS groups( P＜0.05 ).The expression levels of STAT5 and NF-kB among the 4 groups were no significantly differences (F =1.136,P=0.391 ;F=0.696,P=0.580),but after the phosphorylation of STAT5 and NF-kB,the differences was significant ( F =14.189,P =0.001 ; F =40.103,P =0.000 ).Those in RD,RD + PBS,RD + EPO groups did not increase either (P＞0.05).Although the levels of p-STAT5 and p-NF-kB in RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were significantly higher than those in normal control group( P＜0.05 ),the level of p-STAT5 in RD+EPO group was not significantly higher than that in RD and RD + PBS groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK-1/2 signal transduction pathways might participate in the protecting process of EPO to photoreceptor in RD rats.