AIM:To analyse the risk factors of age, sex, course, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),diopter and fundus features of high myopes with progressive high myopia. METHODS: A total of 167 patients with high myopes were categorized into four groups: group 1,age of 29 years or younger; group 2,between the age of 30 to 49 years; group 3,between the age of 50 to 69 years and group 4,age of 70 years or older. The refractive errors of all patients were measured without cycloplegia with an autorefractometer. Data of the spherical equivalent(SE) of the refractive errors in diopters (D)and fundus examed by direct ophthalmoscope were used in statistical analyses.RESULTS: The number of female was statistically larger than that of male(P＜0.01),also the disease course was correlated to the age. The visual acuity of high myopes significantly decreased as they grew older including the higher incidence of lacquer cracker, submacular hemorrhage, Fuchs spots, chorioretinal atrophy . CONCLUSION: Female maybe a risk factor of high myopia, advanced age is an important factor of visual acuity decrease. High myopes ought to be treated early to delay the progress of myopia and development of macular degeneration.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in radiation-induced death response of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods MTT method was used to detect cell viability of CNE-2 cells in different time after irradiation.Clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effect of autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine phosphate) and autophagy inductor (rapamycin) on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The expressions of LC3 and P62 were measured with Western blot.Cell ultrastructural analysis was performed under an electron microscope.Results Irradiation with 10 Gy induced a massive accumulation of autophagosomes accompanied with up-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ expression in CNE-2 cells.Compared with radiation alone,chloroquine phosphate (CDP) enhanced radiosensitivity significantly by decreasing cell viability (F =25.88,P ＜ 0.05),autophagic ratio (F =105.15,P ＜ 0.05),and LC3-Ⅱ protein level(F =231.68,P ＜0.05),while up-regulating the expression of P62 (F =117.52,P ＜ 0.05).Inhibition of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis (F =143.72,P ＜ 0.05).Rapamycin (RAPA) also significantly decreased cell viability,but increased autophagic ratio and LC3-Ⅱ protein level while down-regulated the expression of P62.Induction of autophagy increased radiation-induced apoptosis(F =167.32,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Blockage of autophagy with CDP could enhance radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could be used as an adjuvant treatment to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevention effect and cost-effectiveness of a prophylactic bivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. Methods: A multiple health status dynamic model was developed, including natural history of diseases and prevention strategies. We built 19 prevention strategies including visual inspection with acetic acid/lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) and/or 3 does prophylactic bivalent HPV vaccine administered to adolescent girls at the age of 15 years old every year under the assumption that vaccine coverage and screening coverage were 70%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), optimal price of 3 does vaccine and cost-effectiveness frontier of these strategies were analyzed compared with no-intervention. The ICER threshold is 152 087 CNY. Results: Compared with no-intervention, Routine vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 69.5%, superior to 5 strategies including VIA/VILI screening only. The range of effect was between 9.0% and 69.2%, and the effect of strategy increased significantly with the increase of screening frequency. Combination vaccination with screening at ages of 35 reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 72.0%, and the effect increased with the increase of screening frequency. Combination vaccination with screening every 3 years between (35-64) years old reduced the incidence by 89.4%. Compared with no-intervention, the ICER of combination vaccination with screening twice between 35 years and 64 years was 121 292 CNY/life-year, which was cost-effective. The price of vaccine had a significant impact on the ICER of the strategy; when the vaccine price was less than 600 CNY, only routine vaccination or supplementary vaccination between 16-39 years old after routine vaccination was cost-effective; when the vaccine price was less than 1 200 CNY, supplementary vaccination between 16-19 years old plus VIA/VILI was cost-effective. Conclusion Ther prevention strategy was cost-effective, which could effectively reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by implementation of HPV vaccination combined with VIA/VILI in suitable aging females.

Background: Recent studies indicate that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), stimulate expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 in neurofibroma-tosis 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells and promote their proliferation. In this study, we measured the expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 proteins in sporadic MPNST tissues from Chinese patients and investigated their prognostic values. Methods: CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in samples from 58 Chinese patients with sporadic MPNST was assessed with immunohistochemical staining. Their prognostic values were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier analysis and a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: High expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 was observed in 19 (32.8％), 32 (55.2％), and 16 (27.6％) samples, respectively. CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with CXCL12 expression (r= 0.334,P= 0.010) and Cyclin D1 expression (r= 0.309,P= 0.018). Patients with high CXCR4 expression showed longer overall survival than those with low CXCR4 expression (χ2= 4.642,P= 0.031). Conclusion: High CXCR4 expression may define a specific subtype of sporadic MPNST with favorable prognosis.

Objective To approach the clinical significance of Clara cell secretary protein(CCSP) in bronchial asthmatic children. Methods Serum were collected from 50 cases during asthmatic attacks, 22 asthmatic children who were in stable conditions, and 20 healthy children. Serum CCSP concentrations were measured by a human CCSP enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Asthmatic children had significantly lower levels of CCSP in serum during asthmatic attacks(P

Objective To explore the role of Clara cell secretory protein(CCSP) in asthmatic children and compare the levels of CCSP in sera and induced sputum.Methods Thirty-four children with asthma who were in remission and 25 healthy controls were enrolled.Sera and hypertonic saline-induced sputum were obtained in asthmatic children,and sera alone were obtained in control subjects.The le-(vels) of CCSP were measured in sera and induced sputum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Asthmatic children,compared with controls,had significantly lower concentration of CCSP in sera(P

Adult ; Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; blood ; drug therapy ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Capsules ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelins ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint application with Leima type II plaster on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and probe its mechanism.

METHODSBovine type II collagen was injected intradermally into the middle line of the back to induce CIA model with 48 Wistar rats. Then the rats were randomly divided into a model control group (group A), a matrix control group (group B), acupoint application group with plaster of low concentration (group C) and high concentration plaster group (group D), 12 rats in each group. Group C and group D were treated with low and high concentration of Leima type II plaster, and "Shenzhu" (GV 12), "Zhiyang" (GV 9) and "Mingmen" (GV 4) were selected, each application for about 15 hours, once each day for 30 days. Group B was used the same method of acupoint application except using non-drug matrix plaster, and group A was not given any treatment. The morphous and the histopathological changes of affection joint were observed.

RESULTSThe paw edema volume after 30 days treatment in group C was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.01), and the anti-type II collagen antibody level after 15 days treatment in group C was significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05), and the synoviocytes proliferation of the knee joint in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B (both P < 0.01). The paw edema volume after 25 days treatment, arthritic index after 20 days treatment, pathological change of the paw and the synoviocytes proliferation of the knee joint in group D were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the anti-type II collagen antibody level after 15 days treatment in group D was significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05), and the paw edema volume and the arthritic index after 25 days treatment in group D were significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupoint application with Leima type II plaster has a good therapeutic effect on CIA rats and the protective mechanism is related to the reduction of anti-type II collagen antibody level so as to carry out anti-inflammatory effect and immunosuppression.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; therapy ; Collagen Type II ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Cervical carcinoma has brought huge burden on patients, especially in developing countries. Preventive vaccines could effectively reduce the incidence of cervical carcinoma. The high prices were one of the most difficult problem in introducing the vaccine in developing countries, so the cost-effectiveness and health financing of the vaccines should be carefully studied before incorporated into the national immunization program. Thus, researchers used mathematical models to predict the effects of HPV vaccines and to study the cost- effectiveness. In order to understand the current situation on the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines in the developing countries, a systematic searching of literature from PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, CNKI and Wangfang Data was performed, this study aims to conduct a systematic review from aspects of project source, first author, research areas, research perspectives, prevention strategies, vaccine characteristics, cost-effectiveness.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Models, Theoretical ; Papillomavirus Infections ; economics ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; economics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; economics ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in type 2 diabetes patients, by comparing the sexual function between type 2 diabetic women and non-diabetic women with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

METHODS115 type 2 diabetic women and 107 age-matched non-diabetes women were enrolled with similar backgrounds. Their sexual functions were evaluated with FSFI. Metabolic parameters such as body mass index, blood lipid profile, hemoglobin A1C, plasma glucose were also collected.

RESULTSTotal score of FSFI of the type 2 diabetic women were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic controls (18.27±8.96 vs. 23.02±5.78, P=0.000). Scores of the FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain) of the type 2 diabetic group were also lower than those of the control group. According to the FSD criterion (FSFI<25) available in China, the percentage of FSD in the type 2 diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%vs. 55.0%, P<0.001). These trends seemed more prominent in pre-menopause subgroups. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age and diabetes were independent risk factors of FSD. Body Mass Index (BMI) also had influence in the diabetes group.

CONCLUSIONFindings from this study showed that there are more FDS in Chinese type 2 diabetic women than in their non-diabetic counterparts, especially in pre-menopause participants.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; etiology