Objective To explore the characteristics viral pathogens in hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection,and to provide reference data for diagnosis and treatment.Methods Nasopharyngeal secretion(NPS) samples were collected from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection(LRI) from Dec.2005 to Apr.2006.The NPS samples were detected for 7 respiratory virus antigens including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),influenza virus A and B(IVA and IVB),parainfluenza virus 1,2,3(PIV 1,2,3) and adenovirus(ADV) by indirect immunofluorescent assay.Results Nine hundred and thirty-five NPS samples were collected from children(597 boys,338 girls) with LRI.The mean age was 7.5 months(range from 1 day to 6 years).Viral pathogens were identified in 516(55.2%) samples.The positive rate of RSV decreased with increasing of age,whereas the positive rate of IV and PIV increased.ADV was only detected in children less than 3 years of age,accounting for 0.6%-6.2%.Conclusions Viral pathogens are the main etiology of LRI in young children in Beijing area from Dec.2005 to Apr.2006.RSV is the most frequent viral pathogens,followed by IV and PIV.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Shenqi Compound (SQC) on the mRNA expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the aorta of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.

METHODSTotally 67 GK rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the GK group (n =18), the model group (n =16), the atorvastatin group (n =17), and the SQC group (n =16). Another a normal control group was set up (n =18). The diabetic macrovascular disease model was prepared by adding L-NAME (at the daily dose of 0.10 mg/mL) in drinking water for GK rats. GK rats, except those in the normal control group were fed with high fat diet. Atorvastatin (at the daily dose of 1.60 mg/kg) and SQC (at the daily dose of 1.44 g/kg) were respectively administered by gastrogavage, once daily for 35 successive days. The blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method once per week. After 5-week medication, the contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by ELISA. The serum concentrations of angiotensin I (Ang II) were determined by RIA. The mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe blood glucose level was obviously lower in both the atorvastatin group and the SQC group after 4 weeks of medication (P <0.05). Besides, it was significantly lower in the SQC group than in the model group by the end of the 4th week (P <0.05). The concentrations of TG, TC and serum Ang II , and the mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P <0.01). After 5-week medication, the concentrations of TG, TC and serum Ang I , and the mRNA expression of AT1 R in the aorta were significantly lower in the atorvastatin group and the SQC group than in the model group (P <0.01, P <0.05). The mRNA expression of AT1R was significantly higher in the SQC group than in the atorvastatin group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSQC could significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose, TG, TC, down-regulate the mRNA expression of AT1R in the aorta, and decrease the expressions of serum Ang II of GK rats with diabetic macrovascular disease. AT1 R might be one of effective targets of SQC in treating diabetic macrovascular diseases.

Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To approach the clinical presentation,treatment and diagnosis of primary seminal vesicle carcinoma.Methods The records of 4 patients who diagnosed seminal vesicle carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed,including the symptoms signs and examination results as well as operation program,postoperative therapy.Considered to the literature reports.Bilateral seminal vesicles,bladder, prostate and rectum were totally removed in one case.Seminal vosiculectomy and partial cystoprostotectomy were performed in 2 cases,and the another one,bilateral lower ureterectomy and ileum substitute bladder was be done.Results Followed up for 3 months to 5 years,and no recurrence had been observed so far, one died of colon cancer after 2 years.Conclusions Early symptoms of primary seminal vesicle carcinoma are unobvious,so that early diagnosis of seminal vesicle carcinoma is difficult and the misdiagnosis is so usually.Thus,accurate recognition is important for early diagnosis.Radical surgery appears to offer the best chance and different approaches can be selected according to tumor stage and invasive condition of the circumambient organ.Comprehensive treatment like hormonal therapy,along with the 5-fluorouracil,paclitaxel,and oxaliplatin chemotherapy regimen appears to be effective against adenocarcinoma.

This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics of BZLF1 gene and its promoter Zp of the epidemic strains in children with primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases. Total DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 134 children with EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis (EBV-IM) and 32 children with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The EBNA3C, BZLF1, and Zp genes were amplified by PCR assay. Typing of EBV was performed according to the size of the amplification product of EBNA3C gene; the amplification products of BZLF1 and Zp genes were subjected to direct sequencing, and sequence analysis was performed using BioEdit 7. 0. 9. The results were as follows: (1) EBV-1 was present in 140 samples (97.2%, 140/144) and EBV-II in 4 samples (2.8%, 4/144). (2) Three BZLF1 genotypes and their 12 subtypes (including 6 newly found subtypes) were detected in this study; there were no significant differences in the frequencies of BZLF1-A and BZLF1-B between the children with EBV-IM and EBV-HLH (P = 0.083); BZLF1-A1 was the dominant genotype in children with EBV-associated diseases; t BZLF1-A mostly had three 29-bp repeats in the first intron of BZLF1 gene, and BZLF1-B mostly had 30-bp repeats (P = 0.000), with the number of repeats varying from 1 to 13. (3) Four Zp genotypes were detected in this study, including Zp-P, Zp-V3, Zp-V4, and Zp-V1; there were no significant differences in the frequencies of these Zp genotypes between children with EBV-IM and EBV-HLH (P = 0.272, 0.252, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively). (4) The linkage analysis of BZLF1 gene and its promoter Zp showed that BZLF1-A1 was highly associated with Zp-V3 (P = 0.000), while BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P (P = 0.000); EBV-I + BZLF1 A1 was highly associated with Zp-V3 (P = 0.000), while EBV-I+BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P (P = 0.000). The conclusions are as follows: (1) BZLF1-A1 is the dominant genotype in children with EBV-associated diseases; there are mostly 29-bp repeats in the first intron of BZLF1 gene for BZLF1-A genotype and 30-bp repeats for BZLF1-B genotype. (2) Zp-P and Zp-V3 are dominant Zp genotypes of EBV in children, which shared similar detection rates. (3) BZLF1-A1 is highly associated with Zp-V3, while BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P; EBV-I+BZLF1-A1 is highly associated with Zp-V3, while EBV-I+BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Introns ; genetics ; Male ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

Animals ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Dichlorvos ; blood ; Dimethoate ; blood ; Insecticides ; blood ; Methyl Parathion ; blood ; Mice ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; blood

OBJECTIVETo research the effects and mechanism of Shenqi compound (SQC) on PTEN/ PI3K signal transducing path and angiogenesis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) caused macroangiopathy.

METHODGK rats with blood sugar > or = 11.1 mmol/L were divided into 4 groups, the GK group, the model group, the Western medicine (WM) group treated by atorvastatin 1.5 mg/(kg x d) and the Chinese medicine (CM) group treated with SQC 1.44 g/(kg x d). All were fed 35 days with high fatty diet, but to the latter three groups, N omega-nitriyl-L-arginine methyl ester 0.1 mg/mL was added into their drinking water for macroangiopathy model establishing. Besides, a group of normal Wistar rats fed with ordinary forage was set for control. Rat's blood glucose and lipids were measured, morphology of abdominal aorta wall tissue was observed with HE staining, and mRNA expressions of PTEN and PI3Kp85 in aortic wall were detected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSGeneral condition, gluco-lipid metabolism and aortic morphology in the CM group were significantly better than those in the model group. PTEN mRNA expression in the CM group (1.10 +/- 0.48) was significantly higher than that in the GK group (0.63 +/- 0.16) and the model group (0.17 +/- 0.07, both P < 0.01), but near to that in the WM group (1.11 +/- 0.46), while the PI3Kp85 mRNA expression in the TCM group (0.19 +/- 0.05) was lower than that in the GK group (1.38 +/- 0.43, P < 0.01), but near to that in the model group (0.33 +/- 0.09) and the WM group (0.11 +/- 0.06, both P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQC could increase the PTEN mRNA expression and restrain the PI3Kp85 mRNA expression in aorta, which is possibly the partial mechanisms of action of the remedy in inhibiting angiogenesis and preventing diabetic macroangiopathy.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Atherosclerosis ; prevention & control ; Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

A method for the determination of Fe, Co, Mn and Ni in synthetic diamonds by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES) was proposed. The synthetic diamond sample was decomposed completely, while the sample was burned in air at 1000 ℃ for 10 h, and then a mixed acid of H2 SO4 , aqua regia and HClO4 was used for the dissolving the residue of the sample. In this method, the limits of detection of Fe, Co, Mn and Ni were 0. 0147, 0. 0018, 0. 0006 and 0. 0027 mg/L, respectively. Under the optimum condition, Fe, Co, Mn and Ni in synthetic diamond sample were determined. The values of RSDs (n=7) were less than 0. 5%. The recoveries of added standard were 94. 0%-105. 0%.

A method for the simultaneous determination of oxygen and nitrogen in synthetic diamonds by inert gas high temperature extraction-impulse heating method was proposed. The sample weight, the selection of analysis power and the calibration curves of oxygen and nitrogen were discussed. Oxygen and nitrogen in analytical samples are determined. Values of RSDs (n=7) for oxygen and nitrogen were less than 4. 5% and 4. 0% respectively. The analytical results of oxygen and nitrogen obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those by inert gas fusion-impulse heating method.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ulinastatin on lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats.

METHODSTwenty-four normal SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8), namely the control group, hemorrhagic shock group (group H) and ulinastatin group (group U). In group H and group U, blood was drawn from the femoral artery over a period of 10 min until a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg was obtained. Controlled hypotension was then maintained at 40-/+5 mmHg for 60 min by blood drawing or infusion when necessary. All the blood drawn and an equivalent volume of Ringer lactate solution were subsequently infused for resuscitation. Four hours after the resuscitation, the activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), wet to dry weight ratio (W/D), and pathologic changes of the lung tissues were measured or observed.

RESULTSCompared with those in the control group, the content of MDA, expression of HO-1 and W/D increased significantly in both group H and group U (P<0.05); these indexes in group U were significantly lower than those in group H (P<0.05). The activity of SOD in group U was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05) but higher than that in group H (P<0.05). Optical microscopy demonstrated milder inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial edema in the lung tissues in group U than in group H.

CONCLUSIONUlinastatin can lower the content of MDA, W/D and the expression of HO-1, increase the activity of SOD, and reduce histological lung injury in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

Animals ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; complications ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol (CARV) by three Chinese liver microsomes.

METHODSThe metabolites of CARV were identified by a hydrolysis reaction with beta-glucuronidase and HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetics for CARV enantiomers glucuronidation was determined by a reversed phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay using (S)-propafenone as internal standard after precolumn derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate.

RESULTSTwo CARV glucuronides were found in three Chinese liver microsomes incubated with CARV. The non-linear regression analysis showed that the values of K(m) and V(max) for (S)-CARV and (R)-CARV enantiomers were (118+/-44) micromol/L, (2 500+/-833) pmol/(min.mg protein) and (24+/-7) micromol/L, (953+/-399) pmol/(min.mg protein), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that there was a significant (P<0.05) stereoselective glucuronidation of CARV enantiomers in three Chinese liver microsomes, which might partly explain the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of CARV.

Carbazoles ; metabolism ; China ; Glucuronic Acid ; metabolism ; Glucuronides ; metabolism ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Propanolamines ; metabolism ; Stereoisomerism