Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; therapy ; Humans ; Walking

Objective The three-dimensional reconstructed images of maximum intensity projection (MIP) for membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus in Chinese adults were observed and measured in order to provide anatomic basis for otolosurgery and nerosurgery. Methods Thirty inner ears of 15 volunteers were scanned by using a circular temporal coil and three-dimension fast spin echo sequence with a 1^5T GE-signal MRI scanner. All original images were transferred to MRI workstation and all the structures of inner ear were reconstructed, rotated from various angles and measured by using maximum intensity projection. All the data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results Anatomic structures of membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus were well demonstrated in three-dimensional reconstructed images of MIP in all volunteers. All three semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule, cochlear duct and internal auditory meatus produced high intensity signal. The results of measurement were statistically in significant.Conclusion Three-dimensional reconstruction of MlP might document, lively, stereoscopically and directly, the minute structures of membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus. We provide the basic data for the establishment of the MRI measurement criterion of inner ear.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the surgical treatment of multilevel lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to September 2008, 25 cases of multilevel lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis were treated with total laminectomy, reduction of spondylolisthesis and 360 degrees circumferential fusion through interbody (PLIF), transverse process (PLF) and pedicle screw fixation. All cases were followed up for 0.5 - 4 years. The Lenke grading system was used to assess the spinal fusion and Henderson grading system was used to assess the clinical outcomes.

RESULTSComplete reduction of spondylolisthesis was achieved in all cases. The bone fusion was grade A in 23 cases, grade B in 2 cases. The clinical outcome was excellent in 16 cases, good in 6 cases and poor in 3 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe pathogenesis of lumbar degenerative multilevel spondylolisthesis is different from that of single-level spondylolisthesis. Complete decompression, reduction of spondylolisthesis sufficient fusion and reliable pedicle screw fixation can provide successful interbody fusion and satisfactory clinical results.It's crucial to reduce multilevel spondylolisthesis by proper techniques based on different types of listhesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylolisthesis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

· AIM:To investigate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema secondary to non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).· METHODS:A total of 38 patients (38 eyes) with macular edema following non-ischemic BRVO were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were given best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,slit lamp with preset lens,optic coherent tomography(OCT) and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) examination.The BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) were observed before and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment.The change in pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared,and the related complications were recorded.· RESULTS:BCVA before treatment and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment were 0.89±0.62,0.64±0.59,0.55±0.62,0.46±0.43,0.53±0.67,0.43±0.38,0.42±0.29,0.40 ± 0.30,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜0.001),while the BCVA after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).CMT were 683.25 ± 236.47,298.65±116.12,276.89±107.28,281.55±99.62,251.41 ± 119.47,240.58±88.62,231.74±75.36,209.51±84.68pm,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜ 0.001),while the those after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).There were 11 eyes received one injection,18 eyes with two injections,2 eyes with 3,3 eyes with 4,and 4 eyes more than 4,the average injection was 2.01±1.42.The CMT decreased after every injection.The intraocular hypertension and other complications were not seen after treatment.· CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema to non-ischemic BRVO can reduce the macular edema and improve BCVA,which is effective and safety.

Objective To study the distribution of chronicles in formulae and set prescriptions and its reasons ac-cording to their source information.Methods After a standard table of formulae and set prescriptions sources was es-tablished according to the data of documented formulae and set prescriptions, their similarity was sequenced by measuring the edit distance using the string similarity algorithm. After it was checked, the chronicles of formulae and set prescriptions were calculated according to their documented first publication year.Results The emergence and development of formulae and set prescriptions were related with the laws of social stability and wars. The calcu-lated chronicles of formulae and set prescriptions were reliable.Conclusion Sequencing the similarity of formulae and set prescriptions can determine their emergence time, which is thus of great significance for calculating their dosages and may become supplementary method for abstracting information from the formulae and set prescriptions in the past dynasties.

Background Keratoconus is a bilateral,noninflammatory,gradually progressive corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and steepening of the central cornea.It is significant to investigate keratoconusrelated pathogenic gene for elaborating the pathogenesis and establishing early diagnosis standard and taking clinical measurement.Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of visual system homeobox gene (VSX1) polymorphism and the risk of sporadic keratoconus.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Commission of First Hospital of Xi' an.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment.A case-controlled study was conducted.One hundred and one Han nationality patients with sporadic keratoconus were included in this study.These keratoconus patients were clinically diagnosed by slit lamp examination and corneal tomography.Single nucleolide polymorphism (SNP) of VSX1 gene was assayed and classified using the MassARRAY SNP technique.Demography and relevant risk factors were collected from each subject by questionnaire.Eighty healthy volunteers served as controls.Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency and to analyze the association with keratoconus risks.Results SNP of two genes was found in the Chinese Han population (rs743018 (c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T)).There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency and allele frequency of the SNP of two genes in the keratoconus group in comparison with the normal control group (P＞0.05).After adjustment by age and sex,SNP of two genes was not significantly associated with the risk of keratoconus (regression model:rs743018 (C＞T) adjusted:P=0.35,OR=0.72,95％ CI:0.37-1.43 ;rs6138482 (C＞T) adjusted:P =0.48,OR=0.76,95％ CI:0.35-1.64).Conclusions Gene polymorphisms of rs743018(c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T) in the Chinese Han population is not associated with the risk of keratoconus.Due to the racial difference in genotype and allele frequency,the role of the VSX1 gene in the pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains controversial,and further study needs to be developed.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical characteristics of herb-induced liver injury (HILI).

METHODSGeneral conditions, medical history, clinical manifestations, biochemical indices, prognosis, and Roussed Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) scores were retrospectively analyzed in 595 inpatients at 302 Military Hospital between January 2009 and January 2014.

RESULTSThere were 423 cases (accounting for 71.1%) were females with multiple onset age ranging 41 to 50 years old. The median time from starting Chinese herbs to the occurrence of liver injury (LI) was 30 days (15-75 days), and 511 cases (85.9%) were classified as hepatocellular injury. Chinese herbs inducing HILI were mainly used for skin disease (102 cases, 17.1%), osteoarticular disease (57 cases, 9.6%), and gastrointestinal disease (49 cases, 8.2%), covering 207 kinds of Chinese patent medicines. Polygonum multiflorum, Psoralea corylifolia, and Corydalis ambigua were often seen in Chinese prescriptions. In RUCAM scoring, 451 HILI patients (accounting for 74.1%) were very possibly associated with Chinese herbs. Liver failure occurred in 47 HILI patients (accounting for 7.9%), cirrhosis in 45 patients (accounting for 7.6%), chronic HILI in 80 patients (accounting for 13.4%), 27 (4.5%) died, and only 2 (0.3%) underwent liver transplantation.

CONCLUSIONSChinese herbs could cause LI or even death. Attention should be paid to herbal hepatotoxicity and improving monitoring system of HILI.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo assess the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS-A).

METHODSBSHS-A was translated into Chinese and revised. Eighty-two former burn patients discharged from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, and now in rehabilitation stage, were surveyed with the Chinese version of BSHS-A according to the simple random sampling. The psychometric properties of the scale, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity and discriminant validity, were analyzed.

RESULTSOne hundred and sixty-seven scales were sent to 82 participants and all of them were completed and returned. The rate of eligible questionnaire was 98.2% after eliminating 3 ineligible questionnaires. The Crobach's alpha coefficient of total score of questionnaire was 0.97, and in all domains and sub-domains ranged from 0.83 to 0.96. The test-retest coefficients from 20 participants retested within one week were between 0.74 and 0.98 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Forty-eight participants surveyed within 6 months after burn were divided into mild/moderate burn group and severe burn group. The total scores of questionnaire, scores in all domains and sub-domains of patients in the latter group were lower than those in the former group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe Chinese version of BSHS-A shows satisfactory reliability and validity, and it can be used to investigate quality of life of Chinese burn patients in rehabilitation stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sonographic and computed tomography (CT) features of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML).

METHODSSonographic and CT findings were analyzed in 12 patients (9 females and 3 males) with pathologically proved HAML. The size, margin, location, gray scale, and color Doppler flow imaging characteristics were observed.

RESULTSHAML was located correctly with ultrasound in all patients. The sonographic features of 12 HAML included regular shape, clear margin, and three type of echoes including homogeneous hyperechoes (n=5), heterogeneous internal echoes (n=5), or homogeneous hypoechoes (n=2). The arterial flow signal was detected in two HAML. The CT findings included adipose density (n=3), soft tissue density (n=3), and mixed density (n=6). The sonographic and CT findings were correlated with the composition and distribution of fat, vessels, and smooth muscle tissue.

CONCLUSIONSFatty tissues within HAML shows typical imaging findings. The ultrasonographic and CT have their own advantages in detecting the fatty tissue inside HAML, and therefore a combination of these two techniques may increase the diagnostic accuracy of HAML.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiomyolipoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dust ; analysis ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Quartz ; Young Adult