The three-level prevention theory is called into play as guided by the contemporary medical model and combination of prevention and treatment,to classify the services into three levels.Services by maternal and child health care institutions are designed as Level-1,early discovery,early diagnosis and early treatment prevention as Level-2,while clinical prevention as Level-3.The paper also clarified misunderstandings and proposed the general healthcare concept for such institutions.

Objective To divide the medical services currently offered by various medical institutions into priority,extended and non-essential items.Methods The items were divided according to their actual usage at these hospitals,and such services were screened based on hospital positioning and clinical pathway of diseases.Results The selected priority services at the primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 255, 378 and 820 respectively.Their proportions in total medical services of these hospitals were 92.9%,95.9% and 97.4% respectively,and the proportion of their costs in total medical service costs were 57.9%,76.8% and 84.5% respectively.Conclusions The selected priority items had covered most of the services and costs,which deserve promotions at all the hospitals as it embodied the principle of benefiting the majority of the population.

Objective To determine the main contents and key points of the essential medical services by means of priority setting of diseases with high incidence and serious damage based on the demand of residential medical services.Methods The priority setting method is applied in this study,and the incidence,prevalence,hospitalization rates and the ratio of different types of inpatient are used as indicators to reflect medical demand and utilization.The integrated balance method is also used,and the priority diseases list is made based on the analysis from the view of disease onset,considering the service delivery,social equity and the health financing.Results Based on the data analysis made,this paper proposed that the priority diseases cover 29,66 and 103 types for primary hospitals,secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals respectively.The main diseases so determined include hypertension,diabetes, maternal and child health,severe mental illness,infectious diseases,emergency treatment,etc.Conclusions The method and result of setting priority disease and main disease can be the basis of setting for main diseases in essential medical services.

Boundaries definition plays a key role in defining the scope of essential medical coverage of the country and the governmental role positioning in medical service offerings.It is also a precondition of furthering the ongoing healthcare reform.This paper analyzed the data of health service demand,supply and financing using the priority setting and the integrated balance methods.It suggested that the definition of the essential medical services should embody Chinese characteristics and be consistent with the Party′s governing philosophy and social core values.It also should be fully considered that the administration system,the governing philosophy,the medical insurance system and the government duty in the healthcare system of China.This paper proposed a multiple-criteria defining of the essential medical services,which should focus on main healthcare issues in China,and be adapted to the current healthcare reform process.Three dimensions need to be considered in the defining,which are the demand,supply and financing of the healthcare services,along with the impact of the housing,equipment,personnel, technology,supplies,drugs and other medical service elements.This paper presented the overall framework of essential medical services in four levels,which is composed of the basic package,the core package,the priority package and the expansion package.

Objective To develop a system failure recovery programs in order to prevent an accident of the hospital computer network system. Methods The network failure was divided into three grades according to its influence. The groups of network malfunction was set up and can immediately start the established program, take effective measures to prevent the situation expand and spread in the event of unforeseen circumstances. Results Through the emergency power supply program, the network route emergency program, cable emergency support program and sector emergency plan, the hospital information systems run normally. Conclusion The issue of large-area network information paralysis is effectively solved and improves the information technology capacity of the hospital.

Humans ; Accidents, Traffic ; Automobile Driving ; Risk Factors

Objective:The recombinant human retinal pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)protein to be obtained and the angiogenesis of the rPEDF to be identified.Methods: PEDF gene gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET32a,rPEDF protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The rPEDF was purified by Ni-NTA on denature condition.The concentration of the rPEDF was determined by Bradford method.The angiogenesis of the rPEDF was determined by chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) method.Results: The expression plasmid pET32a-PEDF was constructed successfully.The rPEDF was expressed with stable efficiency in E.coli BL21.The results of the CAM experiment showed that the rPEDF had notable angiogenesis effect in the concentration 0.4、0.04 ng/ml,but had no effect in 4 ng/ml.Conclusion:The PEDF gene was cloned and expressed efficiently,the angiogenesis of the rPEDF to be identified and the activity was worked in certain range.The results can facilitate studying its function and spreading its application.

Objective: To compare the inhibitory effect of carmustine(BCNU) and bleomycin on craniopharyngiomas in vitro. Methods: Cells were successfully cultured in vitro from the fresh specimens, then the culture medium with bleomycin or BCNU at different concentration was added. The tumor inhibitory curve-line was drawn based on the cell number at different time points. After cultured for 144 h, ATP-luminescence assay was applied to test the antitumor effect. Results: The cell number decreased rapidly when the medium was added. The decreasing speed was faster in BCNU medium than that in bleomycin medium at the same concentration. The bleomycin medium showed no significant inhibitory effect except for the one at 1.00 g/L. However, regardless of the concentration, BCNU medium inhibited the cells effectively. Conclusion: BCNU has stronger inhibitory effect on craniopharyngiomas cells than bleomycin, it can be used to treat this tumor

The improvement of women and children health,along with the growth in health needs,brings forth new challenges to maternal and children health care institutions.The dual demands of quantity and quality in maternal and children health services compel the institutions to improve capabilities under the current conditions,and more importantly,to further clarify the functional orientation which is the key issue for its development.This article is based on the analysis of the historical development and current situation of the maternal and children health care institutions,which sets up the functional orientation according with the rules and characteristics of maternal and children health services.The paper proposed a series of suggestions on its development,such as the health service admission system,appropriate staffing standards and the institution-construction standards.

?AlM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis ( PCCC ) combined with anterior vitrectomy in preventing posterior capsule opacification of congenital cataract surgery.
?METHODS:Postoperative clinical follow-up data of 82 cases ( 87 eyes ) with congenital cataract treated in Eye Center of our hospital from January 2011 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the surgical control group ( 38 cases, 40 eyes, recieved phacoemulsification + PCCC ) and the study group ( 44 cases, 47 eyes, accepted phacoemulsification+ PCCC + anterior vitrectomy). The incidence of central optic axis opaque and postoperative visual acuity distribution were recorded at 1a follow - up. lntraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.
?RESULTS:The rate of central optic axis opaque grade 0 in control group was 37. 5%, compared to 76. 6% in study groups. The opacity distribution ratio of grade 1,2,3 and 4 in study group were lower than that of control group, and the central optic axis opacity distribution ratio in study group was significantly better than that of control group (P<0. 05). The 19 eyes(47. 5%) of visual acuity testing ≤0. 5 in control group , was higher than the 7 eyes(14. 89%) of that in the study group, The 21 eyes (52. 5%) of visual acuity testing >0. 5 in control group was lower than the 40 eyes ( 85. 11%) of that in study group. The visual acuity between two groups has statistical significance difference after 1a follow-up ( P<0. 05 ) , and the visual acuity in study group was significantly better than that in the control group. The postoperative intraocular pressure at 1mo and 1a follow-up was lower than before operation in two groups ( P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between two groups in intraocular pressure (P<0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: Combination of phacoemulsification, PCCC and anterior vitrectomy presents reliable clinical effects on postoperative central optic axis opacity distribution ratio and visual acuity, and it should be adopted to prevent the occurrence of posterior capsule opacification.