@@

Objective To observe changes of cognitive function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 10(IL-10) in hippocampus of diabetic rats,and assess the role of inflammation in the possible pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mellitus group.After 4 weeks of feeding high fat diet,diabetes mellitus group according to 30mg/kg injected with streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat model.At the end of the experiment,cognition were evaluated using water maze test.The concentration of beta-amyloid(Aβ) in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of Aβ,TNF-α,IL-10 were observed through immunohistochemistry.Results Time spent in the target quadrant in diabetes mellitus group was shorter than that in control group ((38.21± 3.68)s vs (42.10±2.62)s,t=3.105,P＜0.01).The frequency of crossing original platform site was less than that in control group((2.62±0.77) vs(3.69±0.95),t=3.184,P＜0.01).Compared with control group the expression of Aβ,TNF-α were higher(BothP＜0.01),and IL-10 were lower(P＜0.01)in diabetes mellitus group.The positive expression of Aβ,TNF-α were obviously and IL-10 were less obviously observed in diabetes mellitus group according to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The cognitive decline in diabetic rats is possibly related to inflammatory cytokines expressing out of balance.

Objective To determine a possible role for Clara cell secretary protein(CCSP)during acute RSV infection.Method CCSP-deficient [CCSP (-/-)]and wild-type (WT) mice were intratracheally infected with RSV and the lung inflammatory response to RSV infection were assessed.Results RSV-F gene expression increased in the lungs of CCSP (-/-) mice compared to WT mice following RSV infection, consistent with increased viral persistence. Lung inflammation was significantly worsened in CCSP (-/-) mice compared to WT mice after RSV infection. Th2 cytokines and neutrophil chemokines increased in the lungs of CCSP (-/-) mice following RSV infection.Conclusion These findings suggest that lack of CCSP may promote the inflammatory and Th2 immune response to RSV infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between cat fur or dog fur allergens and clinical presentation, as well as allergenic cross-reactivity between cat fur or dog fur allergens and other allergens. Methods Totally 548 children with allergic disorders were assayed with 13 international standard allergen agents by means of SPT. The results were denominated according to the size of skin areola or welt, reference histamine as positive, isotonic Na chloride as negative. Results In 143 children with cat fur allergenic SPT position, 98 cases were boys and 45 cases were girls with an average age of 5. 84 years. In 96 children with dog fur allergenic SPT positive,60 cases were boys and 36 cases were girls with an average age of 6.06 years. The most had occurred in summer. Of them,a large number of cases presented asthma,secondly presented mild cough. Besides, the cross- reactivity of cat fur and dog fur allergenic SPT positive in 64 cases with acarid was most common, followed by latex, which exceeded animal protein, while the cross - reactivity of mold, plant farina and chomophyte allergens were rare. Conclusions About 20% children with allergic disorders are cat fur or dog fur allergenic SPT positive. Cat fur or dog fur allergenic SPT positive results are significantly correlative to age and season, however they are not relative.to sex. Cat fur or dog fur allergens exist correlations with other allergens.

Objective To investigate the relationship between glucose excursion and cognitive function in aged type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 248 aged type 2 diabetes were recruited in this study,all of them wore continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for 3 d to evaluate the glucose excursion including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) which was used for assessing intra-day glycemia variability,and mean daily difference (MODD) which represented day-to-day glycemic variability.During the period of CGMS monitoring,all subjects accepted mini mental status examination (MMSE) for evaluating cognitive function.The relationships of MAGE and MODD with performance on cognitive tests were assessed. Results The over intra-day glucose excursion group had lower MMSE score than the narrow intra-day glucose excursion group[(24.25±6.75)vs.(25.97±0.47),P=0.025].The MMSE score was decreased in over day-to-day glucose excursion group compared with the narrow day-to-day glucose excursion group [(24.21 ± 6.47) vs. (26.01 ± 5.49),P =0.019]. A statistically significant association was observed between MAGE and the score of MMSE(r=- 0.308,P＜0.001),and between MODD and MMSE(r=-0.226,P =0.001).Conclusions Glucose excursion may affect cognitive function in aged type 2 diabetes.The over glucose excursion decreases the score of MMSE.

Objective To explore the effect of Shenqi Fufang (参芪复方,SF) on skeletal muscle damage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its possible mechanism.Methods Eighteen rats with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (GK) were randomized into the model group,SF group and sitagliptin group with six rats in each group,and six more Wistar rats were selected as the control group.Each group was given high fat diet for 8 weeks to build T2DM model except for the control group.At the same time,the control group and the model group were given normal saline 5 ml/(kg-d) by gastric perfusion,the SF group was given SF extract 1.44g/(kg · d) by gastric perfusion,and sitagliptin group was given sitagliptin phosphate suspension 16ml/(kg · d) by gastric perfusion.Eight weeks later,the levels of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),tumor necrosis factor-αr (TNF-a) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)were measured in each group,the gastrocnemius muscle was taken out to get the wet weight and observe the pathological changes,and the expression of p70s6k1 protein was detected.Results Compared with the control group,the wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle,the serum IGF-1 level and p70s6k1 protein expression in the model group significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Through pathological observation,there existed gastrocnemius muscle cells atrophy,a larger area of edema and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration.Compared with the model group,the wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle,IGF-1 content and p70s6k protein expression in the sitagliptin group and the SF group significantly increased,the contents of TNF-α and IL-l β significantly decreased (P ＜0.05),and there were no obvious muscle cell atrophy and edema,and also little inflammatory cell infiltration.There was no significant difference between the sitagliptin group and SF group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion SF could reduce the diabetic skeletal muscle injury;the potential mechanism seems to reduce the inflammatory factor content,improve IGF-1 resistance and maintain the skeletal muscle mass.

The thermostability of the inulinase was studied in this resea rc h. Some alcoholic materials and thickening agent could enhance the thermostabli lity of the inulinase. Using glycerol、xanthic pastern and though orthogonal ex periments of three elements and three levels, a satisfying protective agent, whi ch included glycerin(6%), xanthan gum(0.6%) and CaCl_2 (100mmol/mL) and ha d a significant effect on the enhancement of the inulinase thermostability, was acquired.

Objective To explore the role of interleukin-15(Il-15)in pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease(KD)and its potential cli-nical value.Methods Thirty patients with KD were selected in Xinhua hospital from Oct.2004 to Jan.2006.The serum concentration of IL-15 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in acute stage and convalescent stage of KD,and 30 children with low respiratory inflection and 20 healthy children were studied as controls.Results Serum IL-15 level in acute KD was significantly higher than that in normal control,and the two sides were remarkably different in statistics(q=25.64 P

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between latex allergen and clinical presentation as well as allergenic cross-reactivity between latex and other allergens, to know the incidence of latex allergy in Chinese children and elucidate the allergenic cross-reactivity of latex with other allergens.

METHODSTotally 265 children with allergic disorders were assayed with 13 international standard allergen agents by means of SPT.

RESULTSIn 79 children with latex allergenic SPT position, 53 were boys and 26 were girls with an average age of 5.6 years, and 14 cases had episodes occurred in winter, 14 cases in spring, 24 cases in summer, and 27 cases in autumn. Of them, 66 cases presented as asthma, 5 cases atopic skin disorders, 1 case anaphylactoid purpura, 1 case hives and 6 cases only had mild cough. Statistical analysis showed that the positive percentage of the latex SPT had no obvious relation with sex and age, but was higher in summers and autumns than in winters and springs (P < 0.01). Children with allergic symptoms had higher positive rate in latex allergenic SPT than those without them, that is, the positive percentage of the latex SPT significantly increased among children presenting with some allergic symptoms, such as asthma, hives and atopic skin disorders (P < 0.01). All the children with latex allergenic SPT position had cross-reactivity with acarid allergen, 62.0% approximately 43.0% with animal protein allergens including milk, cats, shrimp, dogs, eggs in the order of decreasing cross-reaction rate, and 10.1% - 3.8% with mold and plant farina allergens. But the cross-reactivity between latex and mold or tree farina I were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONThirty percent of the children with allergic disorders were latex allergenic SPT positive. Latex allergenic SPT positive results were significantly correlative to allergic clinical presentation and season, while were not relative to sex and age. The cross-reactivity of latex with acarid was most common, followed by animal protein allergens, while the cross-reactivity with mold and plant farina allergen was rare.

Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Latex Hypersensitivity ; classification ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Seasons ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVETo explore the protection of high intensity microwave radiation on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity and hippocampal CA1 structure in rats and the protectiveeffect of Qindan Granule (QG) on radiation injured rats.

METHODSTotally 48 Wistar rats were randomlydivided into 8 groups, i.e., the normal control group, post-radiation day 1, 7, and 10 groups, 7 and 10days prevention groups, day 7 and 10 treatment groups, 6 in each group. Rats in prevention groups wererespectively administered with QG liquid (1 mL/100 g, 4. 75 g crude drugs) for 7 days and 10 days bygastrogavage and then microwave radiation. Then preventive effect for radiation injury was statisticallycalculated with the normal control group and the post-radiation day 1 group. Rats in treatment groupswere firstly irradiated, and then administered with QG liquid (1 mL/100 g, 4.75 g crude drugs). Finally preventive effect for radiation injury was statistically calculated with the normal control group, post-radiation day 7 and 10 groups. Contents of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), beta endorphin (beta-EP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were detected. Morphological changes and structure of hippocampal CA1 region were observed under light microscope.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, contents of CRH and beta-EP significantly decreased in each radiation group. Serum contents of ACTH and beta-EP significantly increased in post-radiation day 1 and 7 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with radiation groups, beta-EP content in serum and pituitary significantly increased, and serum ACTH content significantly decreased in prevention groups (P < 0.05). Pituitary contents of CRH and beta-EP significantly increased in prevention groups. Serum contents of ACTH, beta-EP, and HSP70 were significantly lower in day 7 treatment group than post-radiation day 7 group (P < 0.05). Morphological results showed that pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region arranged in disorder, with swollen cells, shrunken and condensed nucleus, dark dyeing cytoplasm, unclear structure. Vessels in partial regions were dilated with static blood; tissues were swollen and sparse. In prevention and treatment groups pathological damage of hippocampal CA1 region was obviously attenuated; neurons were arranged more regularly; swollen, pycnotic, or deleted neuron number were decreased; vascular dilatation and congestion was lessened.

CONCLUSIONQG could affect HPAA function and activity of high intensity microwave radiated rats, showing certain preventive and therapeutic effects of microwave radiated rats by adjusting synthesis and release of partial bioactive peptides and hormones in HPAA, improving pathological injury in hippocampal CA1 region.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; blood ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; beta-Endorphin ; blood ; metabolism