Amounts of researches show that EPO is characterized with neurotrophic and neuroprotective manner, especially in brain stroke, which attracts a large numbers of researchers to study it. With the accumulating researches on its neuroprotection, many related mechanisms were revealed, such as antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, which suggests a multiple targets role of EPO on brain stroke. However, because of the high risk of thromboembolism in clinical administration of rhEPO and its analogs, the herbs are potential to be a replacer for its less side effects. Many researchers suggested that a larger of herbs were founded having the action of increasing the endogenous EPO in the model of anemia and cerebral ischemia. At the same time, there herbs were also proved that they had the action of against cerebral ischemia while some without considering the role of EPO in the reports. Considering of the action of promoting EPO of these herbs and the neural protection of EPO, this essay mainly summarizes the studies of herbs promoting EPO in the cerebral ischemia and discusses the mechanism of regulating the EPO of these herbs, for the aim of finding the potential drugs against cerebral ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neuroprotection ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the relationship between the endoscopic characteristics of chronic gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcer and their histopathologic findings in children,and explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and the severity of histopathologic changes of gastroduodenal mucosa in children. Methods Three hundreds and sixty-six children with chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms who were examined by gastroscopy were enrolled.The gastric and duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens of all the patients were studied histopathologically. ResultsTypes of chronic gastroduodenal diseases in all these patients were: chronic gastritis(n=206,56.3%),chronic gastritis combined with duodenitis(n=112,30.6%),chronic gastritis combined with peptic ulcer(n=48,13.1%).There was chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa and duodenal bulb mucosa in all the cases examined by histopathologic examination.Hp infection was found in 106 cases(28.96%).The gastric mucosal inflammation was more severe in those with Hp infection than those without(P0.05).The were significant differences in the incidences of inflammation activity,atrophia and nodulus lymphaticus of gastric mucosa between those with Hp infection and those without(P

Objective To explore the effect of uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb in the treatment of frac- ture healing on rats.Methods The animal model of femur fracture was established in 36 rats,who were divided in- to 4 groups after operation.The rats in the ultrasound group were given ultrasound treatment daily.The herbal group was given Chinese herb applied on the fracture site.The experimental group was given uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb on the site of fracture.The control group was housed without any treatment.All rats were sacrificed at 30 days and the bony callus were harvested and observed with histological anti immunohistoehemical examination.Results The histological examination showed that the appearance of cartilaginous and bony callus in the experimental group were earlier than those in other groups,Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expression of collagenⅠin the experimental group was significantly higher than that in ultrasound group and herbal group(P

Objective To explore the major work stresses and coping styles of psychiatric male nurses.Methods 95 psychiatric male nurses from a grade Ⅲ class A hospital in Beijing were surveyed by Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaires(NJSQ) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Results There was no significant difference in the total scores of JSQ among psychiatric male nurses with different position titles ( P＞0.05).However,statistical differences in the scores of work load and work time allocation between nurses-in-charge group,nurses group and nurse practitioners group[ (12.5±2.5) vs (8.7 ±3.7) vs (9.8 ±3.9) ;F=4.311,P＜0.05 ].The scores of married male nurses group in the source of work stress and work time allocation ( 10.6 ± 3.8) were higher than the score of single nurses group (7.8 ± 3.2 ) and showed significant difference (t =-3.198,P＜0.05 ).The scores of experienced male nurses group and unexperienced nurses group in the source of work stress were ( 14.9 ± 4.3 ) and ( 13.0 ± 4.3 ) respectively; the scores in work time allocation were ( 10.8 ± 3.6) and ( 8.5 ± 3.8 ) ; the scores in patients care were ( 19.3 ± 7.0) and ( 16.1± 6.8 ) ; the scores in management and relationships were ( 13.3 ± 5.5 ) and ( 10.7 ± 5.5 ).All the scores of experienced group were significantly higher than the unexperienced group ( t =- 2.230,- 3.021,- 2.229,- 2.268,respectively;P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant differences found between the score of coping mode and position title,years of work,marital status,education or age.Conclusions Psychiatric male nurses with different position title,work experience and marital status have more work stress.They should learn self-control,release pressure and cope with it actively.

Ductus Arteriosus ; abnormalities ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; complications

Objective To explore the relationships between psychiatric head nurses' leadership behavior and nurses' job satisfaction.Methods Totals of 24 psychiatric head nurses and 143 nurses were recruited,and the PM inventory was used to assessed psychiatric head nurses' leadership behavior,MSQ was used to assessed nurses' job satisfaction.Results The average score of nurses,job satisfaction was (65.98 ±9.66 ),94.4％ nurses had the under moderate level,and the lowest satisfaction items in turn were reward (2.36 ±1.04),work busyness (2.67 ± 1.21 ),working conditions ( 3.04 ± 1.12 ).Among the leadership styles of head nurses,16.7％ was PM style,33.3％ was P style,29.2％ was M style and 20.8％ was pm style.There was significantly difference in job satisfaction of nurses between four leadership styles ( F =6.66,P ＜ 0.01 ).Job satisfaction of nurses in PM and P style was significantly different than that in M and pm style (P ＜ 0.01 ),while no difference was detected in PM style and P style,M style and pm style ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The psychiatric nurses' job satisfaction is closely related to the head nurses' leadership,so it is important to improve the head nurses' leadership behavior to increase the staff nurses' job satisfaction.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relative factors on the failure in digit replantation in order to take preventions to control the risk factors.

METHODSFrom January 2013 to December 2013, 236 consecutive patients (311 fingers) underwent digit replantation were collected to analyze retrospectively, involving 183 males and 53 females with an average age of 34.5 years old ranging from 2 to 62 years old (6 cases under 6 years old and 230 cases elder than 6 years old). There were 51 thumbs, 87 index fingers, 78 middle fingers, 63 ring fings and 32 little thumbs. Forty cases(forty fings) who were failured as the observation group, the others as the control group. The factors of age, gender, finger, cause of injury, smoking history, ischemia duration, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair we assessed.

RESULTSAll 236 cases with 311 fingers were replanted, 40 fingers were failured after operation. The relative factors on the failure in digit replantation included smoking history, cause of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair (P< 0.05). There were no significant correlation between the failure and age, gender, finger and ischemia duration (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSmoking history, causes of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair are risks of failure in digit replantation. Before choosing the type of operation, it should be think about the patient's general conditions, injury status, grasp firmly the operative indications and actively carry out surgical treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Fingers ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Replantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Failure ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal intestinal perforation and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of this disease.

METHODSThe clinical data of 101 patients with neonatal intestinal perforation who were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2000 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe main causes of neonatal intestinal perforation were neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, 41 cases, 40.6%), idiopathic intestinal perforation (17 cases, 16.8%), and congenital megacolon (10 cases, 9.9%). The average birth weight and average gestational age of the idiopathic intestinal perforation group were significantly higher than those of the NEC group (P<0.05). The main pathogen of the NEC group was enterococci, which accounted for 57% (13/23), while in the idiopathic intestinal perforation group Gram-negative bacteria became the major pathogen; the distribution of pathogens were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that acidosis, multi-site intestinal perforation, and prolonged perforation-operation interval were independent risk factors for death due to neonatal intestinal perforation.

CONCLUSIONSMultiple causes contribute to neonatal intestinal perforation, and NEC is the major one. Neonatal intestinal perforation caused by NEC has different pathogens compared with idiopathic intestinal perforation, and the two diseases may be mutually independent. Early diagnosis and timely operation is the main measure to rescue the lives of patients with neonatal intestinal perforation.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intestinal Perforation ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study whether N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cell line EBC-1 cells and its molecular mechanism.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and different times of culture were used to treat EBC-1 cells in vitro. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by BrdU-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA. Phosphorylated p38MAPK and STAT3 were examined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of bcl-2, bax, p53, Fas, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSZGDHu-1 inhibited EBC-1 cell proliferation within a certain range of treating times and does, with a 24 h IC(50) of (295 ± 25) ng/ml, 48 h of (112 ± 8) ng/ml and 72 h of (23 ± 2) ng/ml. The EBC-1 cell apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI labeling and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA in a dose-related manner. When EBC-1 cells were treated with 50, 200, and 500 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for 48 h, the expression rates of phosphor-p38MAPK protein were 67.4%, 88.2%, 91.1%, respectively, and that of the control was 10.6%. That of STAT3 protein were 56.5%, 43.6% and 34.6%, respectively, and that of the control was 89.1%. The expression of bax, p53 and Fas protein was significantly increased, that of bcl-2 was not changed, and that of caspase-3 was significantly decreased by the ZGDHu-1 treatment.

CONCLUSIONZGDHu-1 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in EBC-1 cells. The mitochondrial pathway mediated by Fas may be one of its mechanisms. The apoptosis of EBC-1 cells may associate with up-regulation of phosphor-p38MAPK and down-regulation of phosphor-STAT3 in the cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.
Excipients ; chemistry ; Gels ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyvinyls ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity