The hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) results can reflect the average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months,its clinical application value is transforming from evaluation indicator to diagnosis indicator.The application of HbA1c as a diagnostic indicator of diabetes is limited by many factors,such as multi-factor influence on measurement and its late start on standardization process in our country,optimal cut-point and the defect of HbA1c existing in the molecular level,etc.Therefore,clarifying the limitations of HbA1c in the practical application is of great significance for its clinical application.

The respiratory burst of neutrophils is an important response in inflammation. The alterations in extracellular pH per se is not a sufficient trigger to the respiratory burst in neutrophils. While neutrophils in respose to conventional agonists, the respiratory burst in neutrophils is affected by the alterations in extracellular pH, and there is a direct relationship between intracellular and extracellular pH. O-? 2 production in neutrophils is decreased while H 2O 2 production is increased at acidic pH. O-? 2 release in neutrophils is enhanced at weak alkaline pH. Na+/H+ exchanger plays an important role in the regulation of the respiratory burst of neutrophils.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection due to its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. In the host,glutathione(GSH) ,one of the most important intracellular antioxidants,provides protection against high levels of oxidative stress. A decrease in GSH levels in tissues infected with P. aeruginosa has been observed while interactions between pyocyanin and GSH maybe partially attribute to P. aeruginosa infection. In this review,the relationship between GSH and the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa has been discussed based on the author's own research results and the latest literature.

Objective To detect the atherosclerotic progression in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene knock-out mouse by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) technique,and to monitor the intima media thickness (IMT) and changes in plague of aortic wall.Methods 10 male LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 16 weeks age and 10 LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 24 weeks age were in the experimental group,and 10 male C57BL/6 mice of 16 and 24 weeks age were in the control group.The shapes of their aortic roots,ascending aorta,aortic arch and CCA were detected by UBM,and the IMT at aortic root view and carotid artery bifurcation were measured,then the data were compared with histopathology of the corresponding vascular segments.Results The difference between the IMT of aortic root and carotid artery bifurcation of the 16 week old LDL-R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The difference between the IMT of carotid artery bifurcation of the 24-week-old LDL R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The IMT of aortic root thickened compared with control group of the same age(P ＜0.01).Conclusions The UBM technique can be used to detect the atherosclerotic progression in LDL-R gene knock-out mouse.

Body fat of 12 male adults were measured by water displacement me-thod(density method) at every morning for 5 successive days. The standard deviation of single observation was 0.29kg calculated by mean residual lung volume method. It was significantly lower than the value (0.5kg) calculated by the ordinary method (p

OBJECTIVE: To summary and analyze the bleeding causes after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) with endotherm knife, and preventive measures will be given to effectively reduce postoperation hemorrhage. METHOD: Two hundred and twenty-six cases of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) adult patients, were carryed out UPPP under general anesthesia with endotherm knife to observe postoperation hemorrhage. RESULT: Eight cases out of 226 patients or 3.5% occurred postoperation hemorrhage, 2 cases after 1 or 2 days, 6 cases after 6 or 12 days. The postoperation hemorrhage stopped by local compression hemostasis or bi-polar coagulation hemostasis, and no more bleeding occurred. CONCLUSION The minimal trauma, quick operation and less-bleeding will be caused by UPPP with endotherm knife. Few patients 3.5% had a small amount of bleeding after operation, but no serious bleeding occured. Hemorrhage often happened during pseud mucosa falling off period. The bleeding was related with using skill of endotherm knife during operation, postoperation pse-ud mucosa falling off, local inflammation, improper eating and emotional stress of patients.
Adult ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Palate ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Pressure ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery

Objective To explore the relativity between the changes of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe and syndrome differentiation of major depression.Methods Sixty patients with major depression(MD) were divided into Group A(phlegm-heat syndrome),Group B(blood stasis syndrome),Group C(deficient fire syndrome) and Group D(cold-dampness syndrome),and other 20 normal controls were selected.The neurochemical abnormalities including the ratios of N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/choline(Cho),NAA/creatine(Cr) and Cho/Cr were measured with three-dimension 1H proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(3D1H-MRS).Results The ratios of Cho/Cr in white matter of the prefrontal lobe were significant higher in MD patients than that in normal controls(P<0.05);the ratios of NAA/Cr in hippocampus were significant higher in MD patients than that in normal controls(P<0.05).Conclusion There might be the relativity between the neurochemical abnormalities in hippocampus and prefrontal lobe and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of major depression.

Objective To explore the optimal HbAlc diagnostic cutpoint in different glucose tolerance populations in the plateau region.Methods (1) 472 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and highrisk groups accepting diabetes screening in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College (217 males and 255 females,≥20 years old,median age 54 years old) were collected,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbAlc were tested.(2) the research subjects were divided into normal glucose adjustment group (NGT),Impaired fasting glucose group (IFG) and (or) Impaired glucose tolerance IGT group and diabetes mellitus (DM) group.The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was explored to determine the optimal HbA1c diagnostic cut point for IFG,IGT and DM status respectively.Results The average HbA1 c values of NGT,IFG and (or) IGT,DM groups were (6.06 ± 0.11) ％,(6.63 ± 0.11) ％,(8.70 ± 2.08)％ respectively,for IFG and IGT groups,the optimal HbA1c diagnostic cut points were 6.7％ and 6.6％,respectively; If use either FBG or 2 h PG to diagnose DM,the corresponding optimal HbA1 c diagnostic cut point was 7.1％ ; If use anyone of FBG or 2hPG to diagnose DM,the corresponding optimal HbA1c diagnostic cut point was 7.0％ ; If both FBG and 2hPG were used to diagnose DM,the corresponding optimal HbA1 c diagnostic cut point was 7.1％.Conclusion Preliminarily confirm the optimal HbA1c diagnostic cut point in different glucose tolerance populations in the plateau region of Kunming,and provide the evidence for further clinical application of HbA1c.

Objective To study the behavioral changes of the spinal cord injury model to provide important data for neuroal factor therapy of the impaired spinal cord.Methods In SD rat,aged 8 weeks,(T7~T8 spinous processes as control),after the spinous process and corresponding lamina of vertebra were removed,the spinal cord was cut by using scissors to prepare the complete transversal abruptly spinal model.The behavioral score of the rat was recorded at different time.The evaluation was made in imageology and pathology.Results The score of SD rat in the experiment group was higher than the control group at different control time.The pathobiology and imageology alterations were very apparent in the damaged spinal area.Conclusion GAP-43 has neuroprotective effect on the recovery of spinal cord injury.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism