Objective To understand the status and drug resistant patterns of strains of extended spectrum ?-lactamase(ESBLs) in children with lower respiratory tract infection,and to give clinical suggestions for rational treatment.Methods Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the 2 969 nasopharyngeal secretions which collected from lower respiratory tract of children in our hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec. 2007.Dual-sheets and sheets-diffusing method (K-B method) were used to determine the ESBLs and antibiotic susceptibility was tested by K-B method which included 18 kinds of antibiotics,the results were marked by resistant,intermedial and sensitive.Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.Results Total 135 strains were detected,73 strains were escherichia coli,of which 54 strains(74.0%)produced ESBLs,62 strains were klebsiella pneumoniae,of which 33 strains(53.2%)produced ESBLs.The 2 bacterias were found more in children with 1-6 months old than those in other age groups,the ratio of which were 50 strains and 41 strains,respectively (Pa0.05).The resistant rate of ESBLs-producing strains to penicillins,cephalosporins,quinolones,aminoglycosides and sulfamido was higher than that of non ESBLs-producing strains respectively.And the resistant rates to beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBLs strains were located on a high level.Whether producing ESBLs or not,the 2 bacterias were still sensitive to amikacin,cefoxitin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem.Conclusions The prevalences of ESBLs-producing escherichia and klebsiella pneumonia were high.There was a multi-drug resistance to the varied antibiotics.It is very important to make sputum culture and use sensitive antibiotics in treatment according to drug sensitivity test to control the occurrence and conveying of the ESBLs.

Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the impact of cyclosporine A (CsA) on atrial expression change of L-type calcium channel αlc subunit in a canine model of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing (400 baets/min) for 8 weeks in adult male dogs and placebo (n=6) or CsA (5 mg·kg-1·d-1, n=6) were orally administered to these animals. Sham operated animals served as normal controls (n=6). The atrial electrophysiological parameters including P wave duration, atrial effective refractory period (AERP) were recorded and analyzed at baseline and 8 weeks later. Animals were scarified at 8 weeks post final electrophysiological examinations and atrial expressions of L-type calcium channel αlc subunit were determined by Western blot. Results Compared to sham group, the P wave duration was significantly prolonged while AERP was significantly decreased in AF and CsA groups (all P <0. 05). AERP was significantly longer in CsA group than that in AF group (P < 0. 05 ). L-type calcium channel αlc subunit expression was significantly downregulated in AF group compared to sham group (P <0. 05) and CsA significantly attenuated this downregulation (P < 0. 01 vs. AF group). Conclusion CsA could attenuate the downreguahion of the L-type calcium channel αlc subunit expression and improve the atrial electrophysiological remodeling in this canine model of AF.

ObjectivesTo study the relationship between the allele frequencies and genotype distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) gene promoter polymorphisms in Chinese patients with heptocellular carcinoma(HCC),and to analyze the association of the serum levels and genotype of TGF-β1 with HCC.MethodsThe polymorphisms of TGF-β gene,including polymorphisms of TGF-[β1 gene -800G/A、-509C/T,were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)methods in 102 patients with HCC and 110 healthy controls,and the serum level of TGF-β1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsThe HCC group showed significantly higher serum levels of TGF-β1 than control group [(51.06 ± 9.74)μg/L,(22.12 ± 8.67 )μg/L,t=22.884, P＜0.01], The distributions of TGF-β gene -800G/A polymorphisms were not different significantly between HCC group and control group, but TGF-β1 -509C/T gene polymorphism was significantly different. The relative risk suffered from HCC of C allele was 1.822 times of the T allele (OR=1.822,95 ％CI:1.238-2.682,t=22.884,P＜0.01), the serum level of TGF-β1 T allele carriers was significantly higher than that of no carriers [(53.52:±:10.07)μg/L,(43.57±9.89)μ.g/L,t=3.898, P＜0.01]. ConclusionTGF-β1 gene -509C/T polymorphism is associated with HCC, and T allele may be a risk factor for HCC, in which the TGF-β1 T allele carriers may have increased risk by enhancing the TGF-β1 expression in the pathogenesis of HCC.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of blocking the JAK/STAT signal pathway on the activity of Caspase-3 in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis rats.MethodsFifty rat models of collageninduced arthritis,which had arthritis index more than 2 were divided into the model group,the low dosage of AG490 group,the medium dosage of AG490 group and high dosage of AG490 group.Inaddition,6 rats were treated as normal control group.Normal saline,AG490 1,5,10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 were given by intraperitoneal injection.Then the volume claws and pathologic scores of the rat models were recorded and the activity of Caspase-3 in the synovial tissue were compared.The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD-t or Tamhane's T2 test.ResultsThe arthritis of the CIA models progressed fast,the volume of the claws and the pathological score of them were significantly higher than those of the control group.At the same time,no Caspase-3 positive express could be detected in the control group,whilethe model group had slightly increased expression.After different dosages of AG490 were applied,the swollen of joints was significantly improved compared with the model group.The histopathological score of the medium AG490 dosage of group and high dosage group(2.7±0.8,1.8+0.9) were remarkably decreased than those of the model group(4.3+1.2),the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01).In addition,the Caspase-3 expression in the low,medium and high AG490 dosage group ( 1.90±0.15,3.13±0.33,3.56+0.34) was significantly higher than that of the model group(1.48±0.18)(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).ConclusionBlocking JAK/STAT signal pathway can increase the activity of Caspase-3,reduce the excessive proliferation of synovial tissue,and improve arthritis symptoms.

Objective To observe the consistency of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes mutation in lymphocytes in rats after irradiation in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 48 female rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups.Peripheral blood samples from them were collected to separate the lymphocytes and then irradiated to X-ray irradiation with the dose rate of 200 cGy/min at the doses of 0,0.5,0.75,1.0,2.0,and 3.0 Gy,respectively.Then all the lymphocyte samples were cultured for 7 days.Flow cytometry with direct immunofluorescence was used to detect the TCR gene mutation.The levels of TCR gene mutant frequency (TCRMF) of different groups were calculated.Results The TCRMF levels of different groups after irradiation in vivo and in vitro all displayed a dose-dependent manner and there were no significant differences in the TCRMF between different dose irradiation groups(t = -1.1-0.3 ,P ＞0.05).Conclusions A consistency of TCRMF after irradiation in vivo and in vitro is proven.The results of TCRMF of peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro by flow cytometry can precisely reflect the TCR genes mutation after whole-body irradiation.

objective To study the TCR gene mutation in peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by X-ray exposure using cultured lymphocytes cloning method.Methods Freshly isolated peripheral lymphocytes from healthy aduh donors were irradiated with X-ray in doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy and cultured with interleukin2 and phytohemagglutinin for 7 days.The mutant frequencies of TCR gene(TCR MF)were detected by flow cytonletry and the dose response curves were fitted.Results TCR MF increased with the dose going up.An aquadratic polynomial dose response model was fitted.Conclusions TCR gene mutation could which serve as a potential biological dosimeter.It might be applied for the estimation of biological dose in emergency exposure.

Simvastatin,a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor,is widely prescribed to patients with hypercholesteremia and its muscular toxicity has been widely reported.The metabolism of simvastatin depends on the enzymic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and inhibitors of CYP3A4 can result in clinical events by interacting with simvastatin.Diltiazem is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4,which is known to increase the serum concentration of simvastatin.Here we report a patient with unrecognized hypothyroidism who had been stable for more than one year on low-dose simvastatin therapy of hypercholesteremia and rhabdomyolysis occurred with the addition of diltiazem.This is one of scanty reports of rhabdomyolysis induced by simvastatindiltiazem drug interaction,especially in hypothyroid patient.This case reminds the clinicians that although diltiazem as a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor can be used cautiously with small doses of CYP3A4-dependent statius (eg,simvastatin),these two commonly used drugs should be avoided in hypothyroid patient.

Objective To investigate the effects of ciyelosporine-A(CsA).a calcinenrin(CAN)inhibitor,on electrophysiological propertiesof atria in canine tachycardia-induced model of AF.Methods Eighteen healthy adult mongrel canines weighing 17.0 to 23.2 kg(rangedfrom 2 to 4 years old)were randomized to 3 groups,Sham group(no pacemaker was implanted),atrial tachypacing group(ATP group)each group at baseline and after 8 weeks' tachypacing.Measurements included atrial effective refractory period(AERP),conductionvelocity(CV),wave length(WE),atrial fibrillation load and rate-adaptability. Results After 8 weeks' atrial tachypacing,ATP andCsA groups showed significant longer duration of the P wave,shorter AERP,decreased adaptation of AERE slower CV,shorter Wland longer AF duration compared to the shamg roup (all P＜0.05).AERP of the CsA group was longer than that of ATP group (P＜0.05),but there were no differences in rate-adaptability,CV,incidence of induced AF and AF duration between CsA group and ATP group.Conclusions Our results suggest that calcineurin pathway intervention by CsA have a positive effect on tachycardia-inducedelectrical remodeling of atria,but can not prevent or reverse AF.

Objective To explore the roles of clara cell secretory protein(CCSP)and eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)in the pathoge-nesis of bronchial asthma and to evaluate their diagnostic value in asthmatic children.Methods Induced sputum samples were obtained from 31 asthmatic children during chronic persistent period and clinical remission period.According to global initiative for asthma(GINA),the total of 31 cases accepted systemic treatment by inhaling glucocorticoid.The patients included 18 boys and 13 girls aged from 3.7 to 12.0 years,and their average age was 7.6 years.Sputum CCSP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).And the concentrations of sputum ECP were determined with Pharmacia UniCAP system.Results Asthmatic children had significantly lower CCSP levels in sputum during chronic persistent period compared with clinical remission period(P