Health Education ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; Rural Population

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of PTB prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, and a time series model was established to quantitatively predict the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 2023. Results The incidence rate in Ankang City showed a significant upward trend from 2011 to 2017, and a more obvious downward trend in 2017-2021 (P<0.05), and the decrease rate in 2021 was 40.36% compared with that in 2017. The proportion of etiological positivity increased from 12.5% in 2014 to over 50.00% after 2019. The incidence season was mainly concentrated in the first quarter, accounting for 28.39% of the annual incidence. High incidence areas were concentrated in the south of Ankang: Langao County, Ziyang County and Zhenping County, with 128.32/100 000, 117.07/100 000 and 110.44/100 000, respectively. Low incidence areas were located in the north of Ankang: Ningshan County, with 60.62/100 000. Farmers and students were the high incidence groups, accounting for 81.80% and 4.97% of the total cases respectively. The incidence of young children was relatively low, but cases were reported every year. The incidence rate of male was 2.39 times that of female. The age of onset increased significantly from 15 years old, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 60-<80 years old, followed by the age group of 45-<60 years old, the average annual incidence was 136.44/100 000 and 104.47/100 000, respectively. The model ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)12 predicted that the incidence of the disease generally increased from October 2022 to March 2023, then steadily decreased, and increased again in December. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis varies in different areas of Ankang City, and males, farmers, students and the elderly are all factors of high incidence of tuberculosis. Therefore, different prevention and control strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of population in different areas. The number of cases in Ankang City in 2023 showed an overall downward trend, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PTB.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the mammographic features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and DCIS with small invasive foci,and to analyze the correlation between the mammographic findings and the prognostic biologic factors.Methods The mammographic examination was performed in 95 consecutive women with breast DCIS(n = 50)and DCIS with invasive foci(n = 45 ).The prognostic biologic factors including progesterone receptor(PR),C-erbB-2,and p53 were evaluated in 62 of 95 cases.Categorical data were expressed as percentages and analyzed by using the X~2 test,and furthermore the odds ratio was measured.Results(1)Only one abnormality was seen on mammography in 62 patients. Combined two abnormalities on mammography were seen in 26 patients.Mammograms were normal in 7 patients.(2)Calcifications with or without other abnormality were noted in 62 cases.Of them,73% (n =45)had higher probability of malignancy calcifications and the others were intermediate concern calcifications.Clustered calcifications(36 lesions)was the most common distribution,which usually accompanied by another abnormality.And then were segmental(18 lesions)distributed pattern.As far as the shape of mass (n = 22)was concerned,the oval shaped lesion(13 cases)was the most common,and the margin of the mass appeared as ill-defined in 15 eases,microlobulated in 1,circumscribed in 4,and obscured in 2,respectively.Isodensity mass had a higher frequency in this group(12/22,55%).Other non-calcification findings included architecture distortion(7 cases),local asymmetry (15 cases),global asymmetry (5 cases),and solitary dilated duct (3 cases),and most of them accompanied with other signs. (3)For expression profile of the biological factors,significant differences were found among malignant calcification group,intermediate concern calcification group,and non-calcification group. The odds of PR positive for the lesions noted as non-calcification were 11.00 times higher (X~2 =8.571 ,P=0.003 ;95% CI, 1.998—60.572)than the lesions noted as intermediate concern calcifications,and 8.80 times higher (X~2 = 9.748,P=0.002 ;95% CI,2.024—38.253)than the lesions noted as malignant calcifications.The odds of C-erbB-2 positive for the lesions showed as malignant calcifications were 12.35 times higher (X~2=7.353, P=0.007 ;95% CI,1.447—105.443)than the lesions showed as non-calcification,and 5.74 times higher (X~2=4.977,P = 0.026;95% CI,1.110—29.645)than the lesions showed as intermediate concern calcifications.Conclusion The mammographic features of DCIS and DCIS with small invasive foci were characteristic.Mammographic findings could be a prognostic markers,which could provide a possibility for making a treatment plan.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in breast cancer and their role in lymph node metastasis.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C, MMP-2, MMP-9 and LYVE-1 in 84 cases of breast cancer, including 52 cases with and 32 cases without lymph node metastases. The recombinant vector (pSIREN-VEGF-C) was transfected into human breast cancer cell MCF-7 by liposome, and the RNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-C in MCF-7 cells after transfection was detected by PCR.

RESULTSThe expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-C were 98.1% (51/52), 88.5% (46/52), and 94.2% (49/52) respectively for the metastatic group, and 75.0% (24/32), 53.1% (17/32), and 65.6% (21/32) respectively for the non metastatic group, and there was significant difference between these groups (P < 0.05). The lymphatic vessel density between these two groups was also significantly different (P < 0.05). Increased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-C was also associated with increased number of lymphatic vessels had also increased (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-C in MCF-7 cells after gene transfection decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMMP-2 and MMP-9 in conjunction with VEGF-C, promote lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; metabolism ; pathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of undermining orbicularis oculi muscle from Orbital rim for the correction of tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove in lower blepharoplasty.

METHODS56 cases of lower eye baggy deformity with tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove were treated with the procedure of stripping eye orbicularis oculi muscle from orbital rim by a transcutaneous approach in lower blepharoplasty. The orbital septum was opened along the arcus marginalis for releasing the orbital fat. Some orbital fat was removed if necessary. Then the inferior edge of the orbital septum fat was reset over the orbital rim so as to smooth the infraorbital groove.

RESULTS56 patients were available for 6 to 18 month's follow-up. 54 patients were quite satisfied with the cosmetic result. One developed lower eyelid retraction and another one showed asymmetrical subcutaneous local uneven after 1 month's. They were all corrected by the second operation after 3 months.

CONCLUSIONSStripping orbicularis oculi muscle from orbital rim plays an important role for the correction of tear trough deformity and palabromalar groove in lower blepharoplasty.

Adult ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BackgroundOur previous study showed that erythropoietin (EPO) protects the photoreceptor from apoptosis in retinal detachment(RD) rat,but its signal transduction pathway remains unknown.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of EPO on signal transduction pathway in RD.MethodsTwentyfour albino clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.5 μl PBS was injected into vitreous cavity of rats in RD+PBS group,and 400 ng EPO(5 μl) was used at the same way in RD+EPO group.Three days later,the rats were sacrificed and the retina was isolated in each group.The expression levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2),p-JAK2,Akt,p-Akt,extracellular regulated protein kinase-1/2 ( ERK-1/2 ),p-ERK-1/2,signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ),p-STAT5,nuclear factor-kB (NF-sB) and p-NF-kB were detected by Western blot assay.The administration of experimental animals followed the Standard of ARVO.ResultsThree days after RD,the expression levels of JAK2,Akt and ERK-1,ERK-2 in retinas among normal group,RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were statistically insignificant different ( F =0.298,P =0.826 ; F =0.681,P =0.588 ; F =0.978,P=0.450;F=1.115,P=0.399 ),but the levels of p-JAK2,p-Akt,p-Erk-1 and p-Erk-2 among these 4 groups were significant difference ( F=24.435,P =0.000; F=48.163,P =0.000;F =19.092,P =0.001; F =14.393,P=0.001 ),and those in RD+EPO group was significantly higher than that in RD and RD+PBS groups( P＜0.05 ).The expression levels of STAT5 and NF-kB among the 4 groups were no significantly differences (F =1.136,P=0.391 ;F=0.696,P=0.580),but after the phosphorylation of STAT5 and NF-kB,the differences was significant ( F =14.189,P =0.001 ; F =40.103,P =0.000 ).Those in RD,RD + PBS,RD + EPO groups did not increase either (P＞0.05).Although the levels of p-STAT5 and p-NF-kB in RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were significantly higher than those in normal control group( P＜0.05 ),the level of p-STAT5 in RD+EPO group was not significantly higher than that in RD and RD + PBS groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK-1/2 signal transduction pathways might participate in the protecting process of EPO to photoreceptor in RD rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hepatotoxic effects of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the workers of a synthetic leathers factory, and the effects on liver function of covariates such as alcohol consumption and other factors.

METHODSThe workers were classified into three groups (low, high and the control) by the concentration of DMF in workplace which was determined in the past two years. A questionnaire was drawn up for relevant demographic characteristics and other factors influencing liver function. The bloods were collected for laboratory test which included parameters especially relevant to the liver (ALT AST and gamma GT).

RESULTSLow and high-exposure groups were significantly associated with elevated ALT and gamma GT, and high-exposure group was significantly associated with elevated Liver index. Modeling by stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that high concentration of DMF and BMI were associated with and elevated ALT, gamma GT and Liver index, besides DMF and BMI, the elevation of ALT was also associated with high TRIG. AST was only associated with alcohol consumption. The AST/ALT ration < 1 was present in 86.7% of the exposure workers of liver function abnormal.

CONCLUSIONDMF can cause liver function alternations even if air concentration of DMF was below PC-TWA. Besides the levels of DMF exposure, obesity (BMI) and alcohol consumption are covariates alternating liver function. Liver index can be a parameter for assessment liver function, and the AST/ALT ration < 1 may serve as markers of risk in health screening programs.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Dimethylformamide ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo explore an innovative technique that is aided by multi-disciplinary hybrid approach in identification and treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in children intraoperatively.

METHODFrom April 2008 to October 2011, 4 patients with isolated TEF were presented with 2 H-type fistulas and 2 recurrent TEF. For all the four cases, with the cooperation of the gastroenterologists, respiratory physician and surgeon, methylene blue was first injected into the trachea for detecting the dye in the esophagus by the gastroscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed where the fistula tract was shown by the methylene blue and a guide wire was passed through the fistula. The patients underwent rigid gastroscopy and the guide wire was identified and brought out through the mouth by biopsy pliers. This created a wire loop through the fistula. X-ray was then used to identify the level of the fistula. According to the level of the fistula it was determined whether surgical incision and approach should be used. The fistula was then repaired successfully by surgery.

RESULTIn the 4 patients, with the aid of gastroscopy and bronchoscopy, identification of the fistula intraoperatively was then facilitated by traction on the loop. The fistula was identified and repaired. There were no fistula recurrences.

CONCLUSIONMulti-disciplinary hybrid therapy for tracheoesophageal fistula in children is beneficial for the precise localization of the fistula. This new technique is an effective and definitive method in identification and treatment of TEF in children.

Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Patient Care Team ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate abnormal liver function associated with polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 in workers exposed to N, N-dimethylformamide.

METHODSSixty-nine workers with abnormal liver function in a synthetic leather factory were recruited as case. One hundred and twenty five control subjects with similar work tasks were selected from the same factory. Genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined by multiplex PCR, and for CYP2E1 PstI by PCR-RFLP assay.

RESULTSThe frequency of positive GSTM1 was 59.42% in cases and 38.40% in control, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.34,95% CI: 1.29-4.29 (P=0.005). For GSTT1 and CYP2E1 PstI, the frequencies of genotypes showed no significant difference between case and control.

CONCLUSIONGSTM1 positive genotype may be genetic risk factors for development of abnormal liver function in workers exposed to N, N-dimethylformamide.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Female ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the common causes of recurrent wheezing in young children.

METHODSElectronic bronchoscopy was performed on 67 children with recurrent wheezing or who did not respond to the conventional treatment.

RESULTSThe electronic bronchoscopy showed intimitis in trachea and bronchi in 19 cases, intimitis and inflammatory stricture in 11 cases, foreign bodies in the bronchi in 11 cases, trachea and bronchus softening in 19 cases, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 3 cases. The other 4 cases presented endometrial tuberculosis, epiglottic cyst, laryngeal papilloma or compression outside trachea (thymus) under the electronic bronchoscope.

CONCLUSIONSIn addition to inflammation, trachea and bronchus softening as well as foreign bodies in the bronchi are also the common causes in children with recurrent wheezing or who do not respond to the conventional treatment. Electronic bronchoscopy appears to be an effective way to determine the cause in these children.

Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology